COMMUNICATION AND INFORMATION DIMENSIONS OF ARMS CONTROL

More than a decade of emphasis on arms control through agreed numerical ceilings on weapons by type has failed to create a safer world or slowed the trend toward the increasing number, sophistication, and proliferation of destructive capacities. Accordingly, it is past time for renewed and major attention to arms control through communication and information regimes–to C³/I, i.e., communications, command and control, and intelligence. Priorities and possibilities in three areas merit pursuit: within U.S. and allied forces; between adversaries; and for potential third party sources of guarantees, sanctions, and mediation.     

澳门经济发展与产业结构特征的初步研究

葡萄牙入侵占我国澳门后,400多年来,它曾是东西方贸易的商埠。澳门经济真正发展起来是20世纪70年代至80年代初的10年中。中对澳门经济发展过程与三次产业结构特征以及主要产业部门进行了分析,并提出了澳门优势与经济发展中存在的问题。     

简评《〈蒙古源流〉研究》

《〈蒙古源流〉研究》已经出版了,这是一部对《蒙 古源流》进 行全面研究和科学整理的学术著作,它的出版具有学术上的价值和意义。作者乌兰博士（女 ,蒙古族）历经２０多年的研究,最后整理出版了这部大作,这是她对蒙古学 研究的一大贡献,可喜可贺。由于１７世纪蒙古地区社会的稳定和经济、文化的发展,涌现出一批现存最早 的蒙文史籍,《蒙古源流》是其中最有价值的史籍之一,是编入《四库全书》 的惟一汉译民族文字的历史著作;因此,《蒙古源流》已成为民族文字史籍中 传世最广、闻名遐迩的代表作。《〈蒙古源流〉研究》约５万字的…     

西方行为地理学的研究历程及最新进展

西方行为地理学诞生于地理学的计量革命浪潮,从个人行为角度理解地理空间及其形成,前后经历了发展、衰退与复兴的历程。近十多年,随着与心理学、GIS、时间地理学等的密切结合,西方行为地理学迎来了全新的阶段,其研究重点转向甘常生活中的行为与环境的互动关系,并在认知和决策两大领域生产了丰硕的研究成果。本文梳理1960年代以来欧美国家行为地理学的研究历程,揭示当前时代背景下的最新研究趋向与特色,以期对我国行为地理学研究给予启示。     

A DIALECTICAL APPROACH TO RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT PLANNING

This paper reports on the methodology and an application of a dialectical approach to research and development, planning. The methodology features a structured debate followed by argumentation analysis. The argumentation analysis in turn is followed by an assessment of the plausibility of the arguments. The application involved using the methodology to assess the level of funding for research and development for a transportation system that would employ advanced technology. The Dialectic Inquiry process, and specifically, the plausibility rating activity, were seen as valuable aids for policy analysis.     

谈我国南极研究的发展

本文简要介绍了我国南极科学考察事业的发展,并结合作者亲自参加第五次南极考察的体会和各主要国家对南极资源、能源和环境关注的动态提出了我国今后在南极研究中一些值得注意的问题.     

SUPPLY ARMS AND OPTIMAL SPATIAL STRUCTURE*

ABSTRACT. A multi-plant producer has sole access to a region, and each of the plants processes a raw material which is drawn from its own exclusive supply area. Under these conditions what spatial structure of production (in terms of plant scale, plant frequency, supply-area size and supply-area shape) will enable region-wide or multi-plant profit to be maximized? The form of this optimal structure is shown to vary with prevailing level of price, which is exogenously determined.     

西塘古镇休闲旅游开发研究

西塘古镇身为江南六大古镇之一,旅游竞争环境十分激烈,如何从周庄、乌镇等旅游发展十分成熟的江南古镇中突出重围,是西塘古镇必须面临的严峻考验。通过对自身文化基因的深度挖掘和科学组合,放大古镇原生态、真生活的优势,结合触媒理论,正确处理古镇保护与开发中的矛盾。以休闲为主力,采用观光旅游、休闲旅游、商务旅游、度假旅游等联合作战方针,围点打援,多方位,深层次开发西塘古镇的旅游。     

THE EVOLUTION AND DEVELOPMENT OF CULTURE

In his thought‐provoking book, Alex Mesoudi argues for an evolutionary, unifying framework for the social sciences, which is based on the principles of Darwinian theory. Mesoudi maintains that cultural change can be illuminated by using the genotype‐phenotype distinction, and that it is sufficiently similar to biological change to warrant a theory of culture‐change based on evolutionary models. He describes examples of cultural microevolution, within‐population changes, and the biologically inspired population genetics models used to study them. He also shows that some aspects of large‐scale (macro‐evolutionary) cultural transformation can be studied by using ecological models and phylogenetic comparative techniques. We argue that although Mesoudi's evolution‐based perspective offers many useful insights, his ambition—the unification of the social sciences within a Darwinian framework through the use of the methods and models he describes—suffers from a major theoretical limitation. His reductive approach leads to overlooking culture as a system with emergent processes and features. Mesoudi therefore does not engage with any of the central past and present theories in sociology and anthropology for which the systems view of culture is central, and he does not analyze the emergent, high‐level properties of human cultural‐social systems. We suggest that a systems perspective, using some analogies and metaphors from developmental biology, can complement the evolutionary approach and is more in tune with a systems view of society. Such an approach, which stresses feedback and self‐sustaining interactions within social networks, and engages with the insights of sociological and anthropological theories, can contribute to the understanding of cultural systems by highlighting the evolution of processes of social cohesion, and by making use of the mathematical approaches of complexity theory.     

吉林省旅游创意产业发展研究

文化创意为旅游产业注入观念、感情和品位等新的要素,旅游创意产业基于创意元素与旅游元素的完美融合。旅游创意产业依托于旅游元素的感知度、服务性和创意元素的新奇度、体验性,并在双方相互渗透的基础上,通过创意理念为旅游业搭建桥梁,从而促进旅游业的发展。通过对创意产业的特点、旅游创意产业的作用和生命周期等的分析,探讨了吉林省旅游创意产业发展状况和发展重点。     

论文化经济与重庆市旅游业再发展

本从重庆旅游业现状与发展机遇人手,分析了重庆旅游业再发展的原因,探讨了化经济对重庆旅游业发展的重要意义,进而提出了重庆市旅游业发展的化经济思路。     

西方新区域地理学的发展及其对我国区域经济地理研究的启示

近20年来,西方区域地理学发生了巨大变化。从80年代开始,出现了一种新的区域地理学。与传统区域地理学相比,新区域地理学倾向于结构主义、现实主义和后现代主义的哲学思维。强调区域的个性,强调人的能力及角色与社会结构在区域特性的形成与发展的作用。新区域地理学的核心概念是“地方”、“行为主体”、“体系”。在具体的区域研究中,它不仅注重当地的人及其它因素的重要性,也很重视“人”的各种行为背景,并且也重视来自“体系”的外部大环境的影响。本认为,新区域地理学的研究观点和方法对我国区域经济地理的研究具有启示意义,并主张在我国的区域研究中,应从对“地”的关注转向对“人”及“人地关系”的关注,发展中国的新区域地理学。     

金融集聚研究进展与展望

金融业集聚属于服务业集聚范畴,既与制造业集聚有共性,又有其独特性。金融集聚的研究主要依托于区位理论、集群理论和金融地理学。区位理论是金融集聚的理论基础,集群理论为金融集聚提供了研究范式,金融地理学的发展为金融集聚研究带来新的动向。金融集聚的现有研究内容主要集中于对集聚的动因、类型、效应、模式的探讨,以及金融中心的构建等几个方面。随着全球化、信息化对金融业的发展布局影响越来越大,未来应重点加强对金融分支行业和微观区域方面的研究。     

科学考古与历史货币研究

发现和掌握各时期的历史货币是研究历史货币的物质基础,科学考古和运用科学考古成果来补益货币之研究,是深入认识历史货币的一把钥匙。 20世纪,是中国历史货币发现与研究双双取得瞩目成就的一个世纪。在这个世纪内,中国历史货币中一些疑难问题因科学考古而得以揭示,考古成果又因历史货币的发现研究而得以丰富。     

TECHNOLOGY AND COLOUR DEVELOPMENT OF HISPANO-MORESQUE LEAD-GLAZED POTTERY

Lead-glazed pottery from the medieval workshop of Les Olleries Majors (Paterna, Spain) has been studied by Mössbauer spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, X-ray fluorescence and optical spectroscopy. Yellow, brown and honey-coloured glazes occur on pots glazed on only one surface. They have virtually identical compositions and transmittance spectra, their apparent differences in colour are due to the colours of the underlying pastes. Yellow glazes occur on cream-coloured calcareous bodies, honey-coloured glazes occur on less calcareous bodies with some development of hematite, while brown glazes occur on red siliceous cooking-pots. Green glazes are found on pots glazed on both surfaces; the glazes trapped CO₂ evolved by decomposing carbonates, resulting in an internal reducing environment. This caused the reduction of iron to the ferrous state which coloured the glaze green by diffusion.