河南藩府甲天下——明代河南藩王述论之一

从明太祖朱元璋洪武三年(1370年)四月乙丑(初七),封皇子樉为秦王、棡为晋王、棣为燕王、橚为吴王(十一年改为周王)、桢为楚王、榑为齐王、梓为潭王、杞为赵王、檀为鲁王、从孙守谦为靖江王开始,有明一代的帝王,大抵在皇子诞生不久,就封他们为藩王,并在封地大兴土木,国内绝大多数省、区,在明代都建有王府。藩王这个庞大的特权阶层,对明代的经济、政治、军事、     

四季划分啥标准

正四季是一年中春、夏、秋、冬四时的总称,在我国,四季的划分有不同的标准。民间标准:我国古代以立春为春季开始,立夏为夏季开始,立秋为秋季开始,立冬为冬季开始。以夏历(农历)正月、二月、三月为春季,四月、五月、六月为夏季,七月、八月、九月为秋季,十月、十一月、十二月为冬季,并把各季的三     

祖宗十八代怎么称呼

祖宗十八代是指自己上下九代的宗族成员。上按次序称谓:生己者为父母,父之父为祖,祖父之父为曾祖,曾祖之父为高祖,高祖之父为天祖,天祖之父为烈祖,烈祖之父为太祖,太祖之父为远祖,远祖之父为鼻祖。即:父、祖、曾、高、天、烈、太、远、鼻。书中说:因人怀胎,鼻先受形,故鼻祖为始祖。下按次序称谓:父之子为子,子之子为孙,孙之子为曾孙,曾孙之子为玄孙,玄     

怎么称呼祖宗十八代

祖宗十八代是指自己上下九代的宗族成员。上按次序称谓：生己者为父母,父之父为祖,祖父之父为曾祖,曾祖之父为高祖,高祖之父为天祖,天祖之父为烈祖,烈祖之父为太祖,太祖之父为远祖,远祖之父为鼻祖。即：父、祖、曾、高、天、烈、太、远、鼻。书中说：因人怀胎,鼻先受形,故鼻祖为始祖。     

浅谈我对数学教学的几点认识

数学课堂教学作为数学知识传播的最重要的阵地。传统的课堂教学强调以书本知识为本位、以教师教为本位、以教案为本位,而素质教育背景的新课程课堂教学改革要以学生发展为本位、以学生为本位、肚开放为本位。     

浅谈农村文化大院发挥的作用

农村三类文化大院是以村委会、农户大院、村三室一场、农家书屋等文化阵地为依托,以农村民间艺人为骨干,以村委会所在地、村民小组服务中心和农家大院为场所,以文化为主题,以服务为宗旨的政府主导、农民自办的公益性综合文化传播点,集党的政策教育、科技普及推广、文艺演出、电影放映、图书阅览、信息查询、体育活动等为一体的综合性活动场所。     

《论语》中的孔子为学思想解读

为学不倦是孔子生命活动的最大特点。《论语》中孔子的为学思想可概括为五个方面,即学习是人的生存方式的为学本质观、学以成人的为学目的观、好学的为学品质观、乐学的为学境界观、会学的为学方法观。     

践行社会主义荣辱观 弘扬中华传统美德

今年3月4日,胡锦涛同志在看望与会的全国政协委员时说:“树立良好的社会风气是广大人民群众的强烈愿望,也是经济社会顺利发展的必然要求。在我们的社会主义社会里,是非、善恶、美丑的界线绝对不能混淆,坚持什么,反对什么,倡导什么,抵制什么,都必须旗帜鲜明。”特别提出:“要引导广大干部群众特别是青少年树立社会主义荣辱观,坚持以热爱祖国为荣、以危害祖国为耻,以服务人民为荣、以背离人民为耻,以崇尚科学为荣、以愚昧无知为耻,以辛勤劳动为荣、以好逸恶劳为耻,以团结互助为荣、以损人利己为耻,以诚实守信为荣、以见利忘义为耻,以遵纪守法…     

论王尔烈文化的内涵

王尔烈是清代辽阳籍的著名历史人物,是饮誉古城辽阳的标志性文化人物。王尔烈文化的核心内容包括其为人、为学、为师、为政、为官等方方面面。     

浅谈独生子女大学生的特点及管理教育

独生子女大学生成长在我国经济、社会发生深刻变革的时期,由于家庭、学校和社会的影响,他们形成了群体特点。对独生子女大学生的管理、引导和教育需要根据他们的特点,转变思维和方式,要变管理为疏导、变教学为自学、变个体为群体、变弥补为预防、变良师为益友。     

殷人尊东北方位说补证

殷人有重视东北方位、把东北看作是吉向尊位的传统观念。这是由于商族起源于东北地区的古渤海湾一带。甲骨文中“东北”为尊位而“西南”为卑位。商代都城规划中重东北方位的经营,如郑州商城、偃师商城、黄陂盘龙城、夏县东下冯商城、新近发现的焦作府城商代城址和洹北商城等莫不如此。尤以殷墟都城的规划布局重东北方位为甚,如殷墟地区时代最早的遗址在殷墟都城的东北部;殷墟都城之宫城正位于整个都城范围的东北部;殷墟发现的车马坑与大墓的位置关系也表明尊东北方位,等等。     

海南岛诸别称之由来

历史上海南岛有众多别称,按其属性,可分为八种类型：一是由本岛古代土居民的习俗而得名,有儋耳;二是由本岛历史上最早设立的两个地方政权名称而得名,有“珠崖、儋耳”、儋崖;三是由统辖全岛的政权名称而得名,有珠崖、崖州、琼州、琼管、琼、琼崖、琼台、琼瑶、琼州府、琼郡、琼甸、朱崖洲、琼岛、琼海：四是由本岛孤悬南海和远离祖国大陆而得名,有海南州、海外;五是由本岛远处祖国南陲而得名,有朱垠、南极、南荒、炎荒：六是由本岛古代盛产香料而得名,有香洲;七是由本岛战略地位和经济地位的重要而得名,有南溟奇甸、宝岛、“南天一柱”和“南海明珠”：八是由本岛明代人昌盛而得名,有海滨邹鲁。本主要通过上述各个方面探讨海南岛诸别称的由来。     

The origins of the cult of St James of Compostela

James the Great, son of Zebedee and brother of St John, was one of the three Apostles privileged to accompany Jesus on special occasions like the Transfiguration and the Agony in the Garden of Gethsemane. He was beheaded in 42 AD by order of Herod. His connection with Spain is here the subject of critical enquiry, and it is demonstrated that there is virtually no evidence at all to substantiate the belief that his mortal remains lie in Spain, at Santiago de Compostela, which became one of the most important pilgrimage centres of the medieval West; nor indeed that he ever preached in Spain or visited that country. It is only in the ninth century that sources begin to mention the discovery of James' burial-place in Spain, while from the seventh century his preaching in Spain is mentioned. From about 800 the legend of St James in Spain took root in Latin Christian tradition.     

The Improvement of the Registration of Migration

One of the basic sources of information in Soviet migration research is the current system of registration of travelers, including migrants, at points of departure and arrival. Travelers fill out address sheets, including tear-off stubs, which are forwarded to statistical agencies for processing. A number of improvements in the registration system are suggested, both in the content of the information solicited and to insure more complete registration of departures and arrivals. Registration in urban places, which fall under the system of internal Soviet passports, is usually more complete and reliable than in rural places, which do not issue passports.     

History of infarction of the spinal cord

In 1825 Astley Cooper described the first account of ligation of the abdominal aorta. The patient developed loss of feeling in his lower limbs, incontinence of urine and died after several days. A post mortem was carried out but not, unfortunately, of the spinal cord. This case was recorded again by Astley Cooper, by Brock in 1940-41, and again by Ellis in 1994. Whilst there was early recognition of infarction of the brain, infarction of the spinal cord was thought to be almost unknown by Charcot in 1883 but it was recorded in the English literature by Bastian in 1886 and Williamson in 1894. There were isolated case reports but it was the advent of major surgery upon the aorta in the Second World War that drew attention to the frequency of this condition. The subsequent evolution of our recognition of infarction of the cord is described. The present situation, where it can be caused by a fall in blood pressure without there being direct interference to the blood supply, is evaluated.     

藏琴成金 杨氏藏琴赏析

当代收藏已经不再公限于收藏传统的书画和瓷器,随着收藏家的精英化和收藏市场的成熟化,＂藏琴成金＂正成为近年艺术品市场的大势所趋。由于唐宁时期的古琴的数量极为有限,在艺术市场中出现机构较少。     

Centenary of the Department of Geography,University of Aberdeen

ABSTRACT

Prior to the amalgamation of Aberdeen’s two medieval universities in 1860, Geography had been taught to undergraduate students at both King’s and Marischal Colleges since at least the late 16th Century. First mooted in the early 1900s, it was not until 1919 that a lectureship in Geography at Aberdeen was created and a ‘Department of Geography’ came into being. In this contribution we chronicle how, over a century, the Geography department has evolved, highlighting developments in the curriculum and research-related activities. The early decades of the Department were shaped by John McFarlane, the first and only full-time appointee in Geography until his retirement in 1945. The post-World War II period, led by Andrew O’Dell, saw Geography develop into a large and influential Department. During the 1960s and 1970s, the Department (and University) experienced unprecedented levels of growth. Student numbers, research output and income accelerated apace. In the recent past national assessments of research and teaching quality and institutional restructuring have prompted further change. As the Department enters a second century it remains committed to delivering a high quality education to undergraduate and postgraduate students and to the pursuit of excellent geographical research.     

南京图书馆发展史略

中国最早的近代图书馆之一的南京图书馆在艰难曲折的发展历程中取得了一系列成就,目前已成为我国第三大图书馆。     

The Formation of Beds of Ground ICE

The chemical composition of beds of segregated ice in the pingos of northern Siberia is analyzed with particular reference to the origin of this type of ground ice and the heaving mechanism. A regular change in chemical composition with depth and a low mineral content are found to correspond to the distribution of dissolved substances in the upper horizons of groundwater and point to a segregated rather than an injected origin. A relatively high content of organic matter in the ice, corresponding to the maximum summer concentration of organic matter in groundwater, suggests that the beds of ice grow mainly in the summer. The growth of the ice masses, combining the drawing up of interstitial water from below with the thawing of the upper horizons, produces a steady upward movement of frozen soil, including buried mammoth tusks that are usually found in the vicinity of North Siberian pingos. When the ice content is so high that even a growing bed of ice is no longer adequate to replenish the seasonal frozen ground layer with thawed upward moving bands of frozen soil, then the thermokarstic process begins to operate, producing a thaw depression, often filled with a lake.     

The Foundation of the Melbourne College of Divinity

This article provides the first substantial account of the foundation of the Melbourne College of Divinity in 1910. It reveals the ecclesiastical, academic, and civic perceptions of theology in Australia in the first decade of the twentieth century. The article sets the establishment of the College against the background of the modernisation of higher education, especially secularism and the exclusion of the teaching of divinity at the University of Melbourne. It demonstrates the roles played by several churches in the formation of the College, and traces its origin to early Protestant interdenominational cooperation. Although the College's architects failed in their aim of having divinity accepted within the University of Melbourne, and thereby ensuring theology was in constant dialogue with the wider academy, they succeeded in establishing high academic standards in theological education and facilitating ministerial formation in an Australian context.