论方东树的思想与诗论

方东树(1772—1856)字植之,别署副墨子,安徽桐城人。诸生。晚年取蘧伯玉五十知非、卫武公耄而好学之意,以“仪卫”名轩,人称仪卫先生。曾祖名泽,乾隆时的贡生,以诗名於世,为姚鼐之师,其墓志铭亦出姚鼐之手。祖名训,父名绩,字展卿,县学生,皆以诗名。方东树及其父方展卿,又转从姚鼐问学。他上上承家学,又师事姚鼐。     

清代诗学史的拓展与开掘——评蒋寅着《清代诗学史》第一卷

在清代文学最近二十年研究的积累以及清代文学文献大量整理出版的背景下,蒋寅先生的《清代诗学史》第一卷（北京,中国社会科学出版社,2012年。下简称“蒋着”）的出版,是期待之中的着作,也是学术生长顺理成章的硕果。蒋着所研究的诗学史,“是融观念史、批评史和学术史为一体的工作,它和清代诗歌史、批评史及学术史是紧密地交织在一起的,也可以说正是在三者的互动中展开的”（页48—49）。     

试论冯梦龙的《桐城时兴歌》

桐城文化,在安徽文化史上,占有十分重要的地位.一提桐城文化,有的人认为就是“桐城派”文学,津津乐道“桐城文章甲天下”.其实,“桐城派”文学只是桐城文化的一部分;代表官方文化的那一部分;桐城民间文化,在历史上也极为发达,其中又以山歌最为灿烂.桐城山歌,古人称“桐城时兴歌”,简称“桐城歌”.原先,它只是起于桐城地方的一种小曲调,大约明代以后,逐渐流布到吴语地区(指今浙西、苏南及上海地区),成为有名的“吴歌”的组成部分.关德栋1962年8月为明人冯梦龙《山歌》作序时,论道:     

清代贵州诗歌之“王气”论略

钱仲联先生的诗学研究取向,始终以儒家经学传统为参照,其评价清代贵州郑珍诗歌,以“王气在夜郎”一语概言,既包含了有清一代“诗学”中心西移的客观信息,透露了清代诗歌历史的盛衰状况,亦强调了诗人的“学问”功底及作为诗人的经世致用功夫。在清代诗学“汉宋之争”与“宗唐崇宋”风气合融的道路上,钱氏以为惟郑珍独具“王者气象”。其核心在于文学经学化最高“体用”追求的张扬与发挥。     

王夫之《唐诗评选》的选诗标准及评点方法

<唐诗评选>作为王夫之诗体选评的代表作品之一,在明清两代凸显卓尔不群之势.其选诗标准包括重情和贵平两个主要方面,其中,情主诗歌之本质特征,平主诗歌之表现方式,二者相互结合,构成了<唐诗评选>的主要诗学思想.其评点技巧则主要体现在善用活用"比"的方法和不拘一格的语言形式,为严谨的诗学观念增添了灵动的生机.     

从《诗品序》看锺嵘诗学理论的美学特色

《诗品序》是我国文论史上第一部诗学著作,开创了中国诗学的审美理论。钟嵘以新兴的五言诗为经验材料,以五言诗的创作方法、批评标准、美学趣味、发展前景为思考对象的《诗品》,标志着中国有了具有纯粹的文学理论形态的诗学。《诗品》和《诗品序》是研究古诗时代诗学思想的重要文献。而锺嵘诗学理论的美学特色主要体现在他的《诗品序》中所论述的诗歌发生论、本质论、创作论、审美鉴赏论等方面以及他对具体作家作品的品评之中。     

坚挚的生命体验——试论梁宗岱对里尔克诗艺的把握

奥地利诗人里尔克在中国的译介与研究对中国现代新诗迈向现代化产生了重要的影响,梁宗岱对里尔克在中国的传播和接受起着重要的作用,但长期以来却没有得到学界应有的重视。梁宗岱以典雅流畅的文笔翻译了里尔克的诗歌精品,并以里尔克的诗歌“不徒是感情,而是经验”的诗歌观念作为重要的诗学原则,从而对中国现代新诗提出自己的艺术主张。     

论日本《五山堂诗话》的诗学观及对中国古典诗学之受容

日本江户时代诗人菊池桐孙所著《五山堂诗话》,其中关涉中国古代诗歌、诗论颇多,不乏精辟之论。在诗歌主张上,倡导性灵,排斥生僻;诗歌宗尚上,兼师唐宋,排斥伪体。这既是对当时诗坛弊习的纠偏,鼓扬山本北山等反古文辞派的观点,也源于对中国诗歌、诗论之影响受容。发掘《五山堂诗话》的诗学主张,梳理其对中国诗学之受容,无疑对当今的古诗研究具有借鉴价值。     

学人游幕与晚期北方桐城派之维系——以贺葆真与徐世昌交谊为中心

由于与桐城派的深厚渊源,徐世昌对桐城之学进行了不遗余力的阐扬.在其幕府中聚集了大批的桐城文人,从而使桐城派在北方得以形成群体,并保持长久的影响.贺葆真作为晚期桐城名家贺涛之子,他的参幕经历虽有其特殊性,但也是晚期桐城文人由家学传承、桐城渊源而入幕徐府的缩影.通过梳理贺葆真与徐世昌的交谊及其参幕经历,可借之考察徐世昌幕府与晚期北方桐城派维系之关系.     

古文学诗赋略谈

中国诗学源远流长,早在春秋时便有《诗经》问世,战国时有“诔”文作丧礼,汉时有“赋”赞人事,唐时有律诗绝句,宋时有词,明清诗词并茂,现代以新体诗歌为时尚。但无论古体之诗诔赋词或新体之时尚诗歌,皆以律韵之词字,从多方面反映出入对事物的思维抒情,属一种高雅文化。由于诗、词、歌、赋用     

Climate and energy security policies and measures: synergies and conflicts

Concerns about climate and energy security are leading to increased government intervention in the energy sector, in particular as they relate to the choice of energy supply options. While many of these options will improve both energy and climate security, many measures will benefit one while harming the other. This raises an important question for governments and energy planners: how can conflicts between climate and energy security be resolved? This article outlines some of the barriers and problems that may arise as governments and companies try to address climate and energy security concerns simultaneously in various energy supply areas. It concludes by arguing against choosing one objective over the other, and by outlining steps that can be taken to help resolve conflicts between the two agendas.     

我和我的兄弟姐妹

1938年．我出生在金沙江畔一个叫巴塘的小县城里。生在哪一天．至今不知道．因此．六十多年过去了．我从来也没有过过生日。     

Challenger and Chernobyl Lessons and Reflections

Abstract

It is argued that Psychological research on 'race' and 'ethnicity' issues presents a number of ethical problems. These relate to the sociopolitical impact of such research, particularly when it purports to find differences of an 'innate' character; to the use of naive subjects, particularly children, in research which is aimed at demonstrating their 'inferiority'; and, within the academic community itself, to the working relationships between researchers who believe in 'innate' 'race' differences and colleagues belonging to allegedly 'inferior' groups – this being particularly significant within a teaching environment. Although the 'race differences' question has a long and controversial history, ethical issues relating to the research process itself have received less focused attention. Moreover, replacement of the genetically obsolete concept of 'race' with the idea of 'ethnicity' does not solve the problem entirely, and the term 'ethnicity' is itself unsatisfactory in several respects.     

Power and Ethnicity History and Anthropology

This essay reflects on the relationship between anthropological and historical scholarship of ethnicity, picking up on themes explored by Andre Gingrich, by considering the epistemological and evidentiary limitations of social scientific and historical analysis and reconstruction. Beginning with the consideration of the pioneering transdisciplinary efforts of Robert Darnton and Clifford Geertz, it argues that many of the weaknesses ascribed to such efforts are actually part of the nature of social scientific investigation which, in the terms of Peter Winch, must take into account two sets of relationships: that of the relationship between the scientist and the phenomena that he or she observes and the symbolic system that he or she shares with other scientists, which can only be understood from the social context of common activity. How these two relationships challenge social scientific analysis of ethnicity are examined through a consideration of the difficulties of applying Anthony Smith's definition of an ethnie to either Fredrik Barth's classic essay on “Pathan Identity and its Maintenance” or Helmut Reimitz's study of Frankish identity. It concludes that neither anthropologists nor historians are simply describing societies as they are or as they were but rather attempt to describe societies as witnesses within them thought they should be, and we do this for our own society, not for those of the participants, past or present.     

Of Demons and Angels and Historical Humans: Some Events and Questions in Translation and Post-colonial Theory

In what follows, I attempt to show that a look at some curious examples of translations from European texts makes us think about issues in translation theory and post-colonial theory from a slightly different angle. The metaphor of translation can very well be employed for understanding the relation between European texts, and some texts and some social and political practices in India in the colonial period, and this in turn helps us look critically at what I shall call our fuzzy post-colonialism. I also argue that Walter Benjamin's metaphor of translation as the after-life of a work can be extended to posit two basic modes of after-life.     

后伊拉克时代与中国的内政外交--普遍主义与单边主义的冲突

"9·11"事件后,冷战后的国际政治格局发生了重大变化.其最大特征可以概括为以下两点:第一,确立了以唯一超级大国--美国为核心的以反恐为普遍主义的全球性安全阵线;第二,美国的爱国主义、民族主义戏剧性地高涨起来.就像当时有人强调因为全世界有60多个国家的人在世界贸易中心工作,所以对世贸中心的攻击就是对全世界的攻击那样,在美国国民中普遍存在着这样的观点:因为美国社会自身就是世界的缩影,所以星条旗也可被看作是超越一国国界的全人类的普遍象征.