Gaiola vs. Borbone System: A Comparison between 18th Century Anti-Seismic Case Studies

This article briefly discusses the seismic-resistant heritage of the 18th century, circumscribed in Lisbon’s Baixa Pombalina (post 1755) and case baraccate of Southern Italy (post 1783).

A comparison of these anti-seismic systems is discussed through the architectural principles and the mechanical behavior. It is shown that, despite the wide diversity of cases and the different geo-historical conditioning, both systems arise from an intuition of the compound seismic efficiency, the typical pragmatism of the enlightenment period and an interpretation of the classic composition code.

Two specific case studies, a private building in Baixa Pombalina (Lisbon) and the Bishop’s Palace of Mileto (Calabria region) are compared. We briefly analyze: (i) configuration and structural principles; (ii) characteristics of the materials; and (iii) seismic behavior.

A standardized spatial morphology closely linked to traditional construction techniques positively determines the seismic response and it is one of the key common factors in this heritage to be preserved.

In both cases, the architectural and structural choices are crucial to the seismic response of the building and must be respected as an identity of a specific technical knowledge. Moreover, this materiality represents a historical continuity of the community’s memory that requires transdisciplinary, critical understanding, and preservation.     

Book reviews

JAPAN'S ECONOMY IN WAR AND RECONSTRUCTION. By Jerome B. Cohen. With a Foreword by Sir George Sansom (Issued under the auspices of the International Secretariat, Institute of Pacific Relations. University of Minnesota Press, 1949).

INTERNATIONAL LAW AND HUMAN RIGHTS. By H. Lauterpacht, K.C., LL.D., F.B.A. (London, Stevens and Sons Limited, 1950).

EMPIRE OF THE NORTH ATLANTIC. By Gerald S. Graham, University of Toronto Press, 1950. xvii+338 pp.

KOREA TO‐DAY. By George M. McCune with the collaboration of Arthur L. Grey, Jr. (I.P.R.) (Harvard University Press, Cambridge, 1950. pp. 372–74 (Appendices)—16 (Bibliography)—6 (Indices) $5.00).

THE MAKING OF PAKISTAN: By Richard Symonds. London: Faber & Faber, 1950, pp. 227.

IMMIGRATION INTO NEW ZEALAND. Report of a Study Group of the Dunedin Branch of the New Zealand Institute of International Affairs, June, 1950, p.p. 22.

SEVEN FALLEN PILLARS, The Middle East, 1915–1950, by Jon Kimche. (London, Secker & Warburg, 1950, 316 pp. Appendix, Index).     

Book reviews

THE SECOND WORLD WAR; Vol. 1: THE GATHERING STORM By Winston S. Churchill. (Cassell. pp. xv+640).

WORKSHOP OF SECURITY. By Paul Hasluck, 1948. (F. W. Cheshire, Melbourne and London. 121 pp.).

AUSTRALIA. Edited by C. Hartley Grattan. (University of California Press, 1947. 444 pages with index).

BURMESE ECONOMIC LIFE. By J. Russell Andrus. 1947 (Stanford University Press. $4.00).     

Book reviews

“AFTERMATH” (FRANCE, GERMANY, AUSTRIA, JUGOSLAVIA, 1945 and 1946). By Francesca M. Wilson. 1947. (Penguin series).

CO‐OPERATIVE COMMUNITIES AT WORK. By Hendrick F. Infield. 1948. (Kegan Paul & Co., London, pp. 182).

THE CHINESE IN MALAYA. By Victor Purcell. 1948. (Geoffrey Cumberlege, Oxford University Press, London, pp. 327 + xvi).

THE BRITISH COMMONWEALTH AND INTERNATIONAL SECURITY THE ROLE OF THE DOMINIONS, 1919–1939. By Gwendolen Carter. Issued under the auspices of the Canadian Institute of International Affairs. Ryerson Press, Toronto, pp. xx + 326).

OLD CHINA HANDS AND THE FOREIGN OFFICE. By Nathan A. Pelcovits. 1948. (King's Crown Press under the auspices of the American Institute of Pacific Relations, New York, pp. xiv + 349, one map).

POST‐WAR GOVERNMENTS OF THE FAR EAST. Edited by Taylor Cole and John H. Hallowell. 1947. (Reprinted from the Journal of Politics, ed. Taylor Cole, Vol. 9, No. 4, pp. 473–744).

THE BRITISH YEAR BOOK OF INTERNATIONAL LAW, 1946, Vol. XXIII —Issued under the auspices of the Royal Institute of International Affairs. (Geoffrey Cumberlege, Oxford University Press).

RICHER BY ASIA. By Edmond Taylor. 1948. (Secker & Warburg Ltd., London, pp.432).     

Book reviews

THE FOREIGN POLICY OF THE BRITISH LABOUR GOVERNMENT 1945–1951, by M. A. Fitzsimmons. University of Notre Dame Press, 1953.

DEMOGRAPHIC YEARBOOK, 1952; United Nations Statistical Office; New York, 1952.

SEARCH AFTER SUNRISE, by Vera Britain, 1951; London, Macmillan; pp. 271.

GOVERNMENTAL POLICIES CONCERNING UNEMPLOYMENT, INFLATION AND BALANCE OF PAYMENTS, 1951–2. United Nations publication, November, 1952; pp. viii and 135; price one U.S. dollar.

THE STATE THE ENEMY, by Sir Ernest Benn. Benn, London, 1953; pp. 175; price 12/6 (stg.).

CONGRESS. ITS CONTEMPORARY ROLE, by Earnest S. Griffith; New York University Press; New York, 1951; pp. vii and 191; 3.50 U.S. dollars.     

Book reviews

DEMOCRACY IN THE DOMINIONS: A Comparative Study in Institutions. By Alexander Brady, 1947. (University of Toronto, pp. 475).

POSTWAR PROBLEMS OF MIGRATION. Papers presented at the Round Table on Population Problems, 1946 Conference of the Milbank Memorial Fund. New York, 1947, pp 173.

BRITISH POLICY IN THE SOUTH PACIFIC (1786–1893). By John M. Ward. 1948. (Sydney, Australasian Publishing Company, pp xii+364, three maps).

NEW CYCLE IN ASIA: SELECTED DOCUMENTS ON MAJOR INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENTS IN THE FAR EAST, 1943–47. Edited by Harold R. Isaacs. Issued under the auspices of the Institute of Pacific Relations, 1947. (New York: Macmillan, pp. xiii+212).

DIPLOMATIC PRELUDE, 1938–9. By Professor L. B. Namier. (London, Macmillan & Co. Ltd., 1948).

AUSTRALIA'S COLOURED MINORITY, Its Place in the Community. By A. O. Neville. With an Introduction by Professor A. P. Elkin. (Currawong. 1948. 263 pages).

THE ALLIED MILITARY GOVERNMENT OF GERMANY. By W. Fried‐mann. 1948. (London, Stevens, pp. 362).

LABOUR IN SOUTH‐EAST ASIA: Edited by P. P. Pillai, New Delhi, Indian Council of World Affairs, 1947.

LABOUR PROBLEMS IN SOUTH‐EAST ASIA: Virginia Thompson, New‐Haven, Yale University Press, 1947.     

Book reviews

THE UNITED STATES IN WORLD HISTORY. By John B. Rae and Thomas H. D. Mahoney. xv+831 pages. (McGraw Hill Book Co., Inc., New‐York, 1949).

INTERNATIONAL RELATIONSHIPS IN THE AGE OF CONFLICT BETWEEN DEMOCRACY AND DICTAORSHP. By R. Strausz‐Hupé and Stefan T. Possony. xiv+947 pages. (McGraw‐Hill Book Co., Inc., New York, 1950.)

ISLAMIC SOCIETY AND THE WEST, by H. A. R. Gibb and Harold Bowen. Vol. I. Islamic Society in the Eighteenth Century, Part I. Oxford University Press. Published under the auspices of the Royal Institute of International Affairs, pp. xi—313—53 (Appendices)—20 (Indices).

AMERICAN‐RUSSIAN RELATIONS IN THE FAR EAST. By Pauline Tompkins. (Macmillan, New York, 1949. pp. XIV, 426. Maps and bibliography. $5.00).

THE LEFT WING IN SOUTHEAST ASIA. By Virginia Thompson & Richard Adloff (I.P.R.) (William Sloane Associates, New York. $4.00. pp. 298, map, illustrations).

MANCHURIA SINCE 1931. By F. C. Jones. (Oxford University Press, 1949).     

Book reviews

THL PHILIPPINES AND THE UNITED STATES: By Garel A. Grunder and William E. Livezey. Norman, University of Oklahoma Press. 1951, pp. xi + 315.

POPULATION BULLETIN, No. 1, December, 1951. United Nations (Department of Social Affairs, Population Division). (U.N. Publications ST/SOA/Ser. N/1), pp. iv + 57.

THE MISTAKEN LAND: By Michael Ardizzone. London, The Falcon Press, 1951.

FEDERAL GOVERNMENT: By K. C. Wheare. London. Oxford University Press, 1951. pp. 278.

CURRENT RESEARCH IN INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS. Carnegie Endowment for International Peace (March 1952), Pp. v + 194. 8¾” × 5¼”.     

Picturing Pasargadae: Visual Representation and the Ambiguities of Heritage in Iran

For Graham Seal

This paper probes the relationship between visual representations and visitation practices at Pasargadae, a UNESCO World Heritage site in southern Iran. Presenting a systematic analysis of publicly available online images of Pasargadae, the paper examines the complex relationship between the place and its visual representations. Through analysis, the paper elaborates on a sense of intimacy that, while grounding Pasargadae, is also a potential common ground in pre-Islamic heritage in which the Iranian state and society could at once meet and contest versions of identity. Examining this relationship facilitates reflections into both heritage and the peculiarities of its visual representation in the Iranian context.     

Book reviews

THE ADAPTABLE COMMONWEALTH. F. H. Soward, 1950 (London, O.U.P., pp. 62). 2/‐.

EUROPE IN DECAY: A STUDY IN DISINTEGRATION 1936–1940. By L. B. Namier. 1950. (London. MacMillan, viii+330. 16s.).

EDUCATION AND SOCIETY IN MODERN GERMANY. R. H. Samuel and R. H. Thomas. Routledge and Kegan Paul (Int. Lib. of Soc. & Soc. Recon.). London 1949.

THE IDEA OF CONFLICT. By Kurt Singer. (Melbourne University Press. pp. 181).     

Book reviews

AN AUSTRALIAN IN INDIA. By the Rt. Hon. R. G. Casey. 1947. (London: Hollis and Carter, p. 120.)

Arnold J. Toynbee: A STUDY OF HISTORY. Abridgment of Volumes I‐VI by D. C. Somervell, 1946. (Oxford University Press, pp. 617).

AUSTRALIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE EVOLUTION OF PARLIAMENTARY GOVERNMENT. By T. P. Fry, 1947. (University of Queensland Papers; Faculty of Law, Volume I, No. 1, pp. 21).

EDUCATION IN FASCIST ITALY. By L. Minio‐Paluello. 1946. (Oxford University Press, pp. xiv and 236).

THE PROBLEM OF EDUCATION IN DEPENDENT TERRITORIES. (Journal of Negro Education. The Yearbook Number XV. Published for The Bureau of Educational Research, Howard University, by The Howard University Press, Howard University, ‘Washington 1, D.C.) 1946. pp. 263–578.

COLONIAL ADMINISTRATION BY EUROPEAN POWERS. A series of papers read at King's College, London, 14th November to 12th December, 1946; by Jose de Almada, Robert Godding, Lord Hailey, A. M. Joekes, and H. Laurentie, 1947. (Royal Institute of International Affairs, pp. xiii +96).

THE LOST WAR: A Japanese Reporter's Inside Story. By Masuo Kato. 1946. (New York: Knopf, pp. 264).

THE FOREIGN POLICY OF SOVIET RUSSIA: Volume I. 1929–36. By Max Beloff. 1947. (Oxford University Press, pp. xii +261 and map).     

Book reviews

STRENGTHENING THE FRAMEWORK OF PEACE. A Study of Current Proposals for amending, developing, or replacing present International Institutions for the Maintenance of Peace. By Alan de Rusett. (London and New York, Royal Institute of International Affairs, 1950. xiii +225 pp.)

VOTING AND THE HANDLING OF DISPUTES IN THE SECURITY COUNCIL. By Eduardo Jiménez de Aréchaga. Carnegie Endowment, N.Y., 1950. This is a lawyer's study of the operations of the Security Council. The author, a Uruguayan, was an officer in the U.N. Secretariat for some time and is now Under Secretary of Foreign Relations in Uruguay.

IMMIGRATION. By W. D. Borrie, 1949. Sydney and London, Angus and Robertson, pp. 105 + viii.

THE BRITISH COMMONWEALTH SINCE 1815. By C. H. Currey. 2 vols. Sydney, Angus & Robertson, 1950–51. Vol. I, pp. viii +471; Vol. II, pp. viii +287.

DEFENCE IN THE COLD WAR. By a Chatham House Study Group. London: R.I.I.A. 1950, pp. viii +123.

ASPECTS OF AMERICAN GOVERNMENT. A Symposium edited by Sidney Bailey. London: The Hansard Society. 1950.     

Book reviews

WAR AND THE MINDS OF MEN: By Frederick S. Dunn. Published for the Council on Foreign Relations by Harper Bros., N.Y.

HOW CANADA FACES A NEW WORLD: A History of Canadian External Relations. By G. P. de T. Glazebrook. Oxford University Press.

THE BRITISH YEAR BOOK OF INTERNATIONAL LAW 1949. Issued under the auspices of the Royal Institute, of International Affairs. Geoffrey Cumberlege, Oxford University Press. 569 pp., including Table of Cases and Index.

CENTRAL AND SOUTH‐EAST EUROPE, 1945–1948. Edited by R. R. Betts, Masaryk Professor of Central European History in the University of London, Royal Institute of International Affairs. (Oxford University Press, pp. viii 227, index and maps).     

Book reviews

THE UNITED STATES IN WORLD AFFAIRS 1949. By Richard P. Stebbins and the Research Staff of the Council of Foreign Relations. New York, Harper and Brothers, 1950.

CONDITIONS OF ECONOMIC PROGRESS. By Colin Clark. 2nd Edition. London, Macmillan, 1951. xvi ‐J‐ 584 pp. 50/‐ stg.

INDIAN‐AMERICAN RELATIONS. Proceedings of the India‐America Conference held in New Delhi in December 1949. Issued under the joint auspices of the Indian Council of World Affairs and the American Institute of Pacific Relations. Oxford University Press. v + 79 pp.

THE STATE OF ASIA: A Contemporary Survey. By Lawrence K. Rosinger and Associates. Issued under the auspices of the American Institute of Pacific Relations. Alfred A. Knopf, 1951. 512 pp. Bibliography and index.

UNITED KINGDOM ADMINISTRATION AND INTERNATIONAL ORGANISATIONS: A Report by a Study Group of the Institute of Public Administration. R.I.I.A., 1951. 55 pp. 4/‐.     

Vulnerability Index: A New Approach for Preventive Conservation of Monuments

A new approach is developed for vulnerability analysis of monuments based on a matrix model and the relationships with static and structural factors, climatic conditions, air quality, urban planning and social agents for preventive conservation of cultural heritage in urban centers.

The objective is to provide tools for decision-makers in the current recession to allow them to prioritize strategies for cultural heritage preservation in a town, where territorial policies are applied and regions where restoration budget is distributed. This new tool allows to classify monuments in order to prioritize restoration and is useful in deeper analysis associated to risks assessment.

The degradation of building materials and structures is mainly due to deterioration caused by structural instability, weathering, pollution, and anthropogenic damage. The vulnerability approach of each monument (vulnerability indexes) was calculated, based on a Leopold matrix that depends on intrinsic variables and the life of the monuments. For the very first time, the influence of different deterioration agents has been balanced with a Delphi forecast based on architects’ opinions.

The result is a new pre-Artificial Intelligence tool that enables users to reproduce human reasoning to study relations between vulnerability factors, risk factors, and the historical parameters of the monuments.     

Book reviews

PARLIAMENTARY GOVERNMENT IN SOUTHERN ASIA, by Sydney D. Bailey. The Hansard Society, London, 1953, in co‐operation with the International Secretariat, Institute of Pacific Relations. Pp. 100. Price 9s.

INDEPENDENT IRAQ, a study in Iraqi Politics since 1932, by Majid Khadduri. Issued under the auspices of the Royal Institute of International Affairs. Oxford University Press. London, New York, Toronto, 1951.

NATIONALISM AND REVOLUTION IN INDONESIA, by George McT. Kahin. Cornell, New York 1952. Pp. 490.

LIBERATION IN SOUTH AMERICA 1806–1827: THE CAREER OF JAMES PAROISSIEN, by R. A. Humphreys. University of London: The Athlone Press, 1952. Pp. XI, 177. Maps and illus. Price 25/‐.

JAPAN IN WORLD HISTORY, by G. B. Sansom. Issued under the auspices of the Japan Institute of Pacific Relations, International Secretariate of the Institute of Pacific Relations, New York, 1951. 94 pp.     

First Trials to Set Up a Microwave Reflectometric Tool for the Survey of Historic Timber Structures

Timber structures can be degraded during their life both by structural problems and by biological degradation factors like fungi and insects. The occurrence of those biodegradation agents could lead to a loss of their structural integrity, in the absence of appropriate maintenance. An early assessment of the decay is even more important when the wooden structures are part of historical buildings, in the interest of conservation of cultural heritage.

This article presents an application of microwave reflectometry for the in situ evaluation of timber structures. The measurement system allows detecting anomalies inside the material in a non-destructive and non-invasive manner.

The reflection coefficient is measured by means of a vector network analyzer (VNA) using a double-ridge antenna which transmits the continuous-wave (CW) microwave signal and receives the signal reflected by the material under investigation.

Measurements on laboratory models demonstrated the feasibility of the method. Results obtained on timber beam sections, compared with the findings of traditional investigation methodologies, demonstrate the potentiality of microwave reflectometry, suggesting its possible usefulness during the diagnostic phase as a non-invasive tool for preliminary screening.     

Characterization and Joining of an Historical Ferrous Tie-Rod

A ferrous tie rod, which was retrieved from a 17^th century masonry building, has been examined. The chemical composition and the microstructure of the tie-rod are consistent with the technology of the time.

The tie-rod was successfully welded to modern steel profiles, by means of gas metal arc welding, in order to verify if this method could be applied for restoration works. Threading tests were also successfully performed, for the same purpose.

Both the original tie-rod, and the welded specimens were thoroughly characterized with both metallurgical and mechanical methods; moreover, full-scale tensile tests were performed on both welded and threaded samples.     

Book reviews

Australian Politics

Peter Beilharz, Transforming Labor: Labour Tradition and the Labor Decade in Australia (Melbourne: Cambridge University Press, 1994) pp.245 $29.95 ISBN 0 521 43821 7.

Christine Fletcher (ed.), Aboriginal Self‐Determination in Australia (Canberra: Aboriginal Studies Press, Australian Institute of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Studies Report Series, 1994) pp.204 $16.95 ISBN 085575.

William Sanders (ed.), Mabo and Native Title: Origins and Institutional Implications (Canberra: Centre for Aboriginal Economic Policy Research, The Australian National University, Research Monograph No.7, 1994) pp.83 $15.00 ISBNO 7315 20084.

Ciaran O'Faircheallaigh, Peter Graham and Jeni Warburton (eds), Service Delivery and Public Sector Marketing (Melbourne: Macmillan, 1991) pp.191 $24.95 ISBN 0 7329 0386 6.

J. Taylor, Regional Change in the Economic Status of Indigenous Australians, 1986–91. Research Monograph No.6 (Canberra: Centre for Aboriginal Economic Policy Research, ANU, 1993) pp.77 $15.00 ISBN 0 7315 1870 5.

J. Taylor, The Relative Economic Status of Indigenous Australians, 1986–91. Research Monograph No.5 (Canberra: Centre for Aboriginal Economic Policy Research, ANU, 1993) pp.85 $15.00 ISBN 0 7315 1841.

Andrew C. Theophanous, Understanding Social Justice (Melbourne: Elkia Books, 1993) pp.373 $n.p. ISBN 1875335 021.

Rodney Tiffen, News and Power (Sydney: Allen & Unwin, 1989) pp.255 $19.95 ISBN 0 04 372043 9.

K.J. Walker, The Political Economy of Environmental Policy: An Australian Introduction (Kensington, NSW: UNSW Press, 1994) pp.349 $24.95 ISBN 0 86840 070 X.

Comparative and International Politics

A. Doak Barnett, China's Far West: Four Decades of Change (Boulder: Colorado: Westview Press, 1993) pp.688 $US39.95 ISBN 0 8133 1774 6.

Robert E. Bedeski, The Transformation of South Korea. Reform and Reconstruction in the Sixth Republic under Roh Tae Woo 1987–1992 (London and New York: Routledge, 1994) pp.197 $35.95 ISBN 0 415 10604 4.

Samuel H. Beer, To Make a Nation: The Rediscovery of American Federalism (Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press, 1993) pp. 392 US$29.95 ISBN 0 674 89317 4.

David Campbell, Politics Without Principle: Sovereignty, Ethics and the Narratives of the Gulf War (London: Lynne Rlenner, 1993) pp.118 $20.50 ISBN 1 55587 381 2.

Jack Donnelly, International Human Rights (Boulder: Westview Press, 1993) pp.198 $US39.95 ISBN 0 8133 8181 9.

Scott Davidson, Human Rights (Buckingham: Open University Press, 1993) pp.178 $49.95 ISBN 0 335 15768 8.

Frank Fischer and John Forester (eds), The Argumentative Turn in Policy Analysis and Planning (London: UCL Press, 1993) pp.318 $39.95 ISBN 1 85728 183 7.

Frank Frost, Vietnam's Foreign Relations: Dynamics of Change. Pacific Strategic Papers No.6 (Singapore: Institute of Southeast Asian Studies 1993) pp.90 $14.99 ISBN 981 3016 65 5.

Jim George, Discourses of Global Politics: A Critical (Re)Introduction to International Relations (Boulder, Colorado: Lynne Rienner, 1994) pp.266 $US18.95 ISBN 1 55587 446 0.

Misha Glenny, The Fall of Yugoslavia New Edition. (Ringwood, Victoria: Penguin, 1994) pp.258 $14.95 ISBN 0 14 023415 2.

Brian Hocking, Localizing Foreign Policy: Non‐Central Governments and Multilayered Diplomacy (London: Macmillan; New York: St Martin's, 1993) pp.249 £40.00 ISBN 0 312 09720 4.

Peter Jackson and Jan Penrose, (eds), Constructions of Race, Place and Nation (London: UCL Press, 1993) pp.216 $37.95 ISBN 1 85728 077 6.

Ann Kent, Between Freedom and Subsistence: China and Human Rights (Hong Kong: Oxford University Press, 1993) pp.293 $25.95 ISBN 0 19 585521 3.

Robert Pinkney, Democracy in the Third World (Buckingham and Philadelphia: Open University Press, 1993) pp.182 $39.95 ISBN 0 335 15704 1.

Larry Diamond (ed.), Political Culture and Democracy in Developing Countries (Boulder and London: Lynne Rlenner, 1993) pp.485 $US49.95 ISBN 1 55587 303 0.

Geoffrey Ponton and Peter Gill, Introduction to Politics. Third edition (Oxford: Blackwell, 1993) pp.327 ISBN 0 631 18784 7.

George Schopflin, Polities in Eastern Europe (Oxford: Blackwell, 1993) pp.327 $39.95 ISBN 0 631 14724 1.

Andrew Sharp (ed.), Leap Into the Dark: The Changing Role of the State in New Zealand Since 1984 (Auckland: Auckland University Press, 1994) pp.255 $NZ34.95 ISBN 1 86940 096 8.

John Stevenson, Third Party Politics Since 1945 (London: Institute of Contemporary British History/Allen and Unwin, 1993) pp.157 $32.95 ISBN 0 631 17127 4.

Phil Cocker, Contemporary British Politics and Government (London: Tudor Business Publishing/Hodder and Stoughton, 1993) pp.404 $38.95 ISBN 1 872807 35 6.

Danny Unger and Paul Blackburn (eds), Japan's Emerging Global Role (Boulder, Colorado: Lynne Rienner, 1993) pp.213 $US16.95 ISBN 1 55587 387 1.

Anthony van Fossen, The International Political Economy of Pacific Islands Flags of Convenience (Brisbane: Centre for the Study of Australia‐Asia Relations, Monograph No. 66: Griffith University, 1992) pp.86 $10.00 ISBN 0 86857 474 0.

John Wesley Young, Orwell's Newspeak and Totalitarian Language: Its Nazi and Communist Antecedents (Charlottesville and London: University Press of Virginia, 1991) pp.335 $US36.50 ISBN 0 8139 1324 1.

Political Theory and Methodology

Pierre Bourdieu, Language and Symbolic Power. John B. Thompson (ed.), Gino Raymond and Matthew Adamson (trans.) (Cambridge: Polity Press, 1992) pp.302 $39.95 ISBN 0 7456 1034 X.

Robert E. Goodin and Philip Pettit (eds), A Companion to Contemporary Political Philosophy (Oxford: Blackwell, 1993) pp.679 $165.00 ISBN 0 631 17993 3.

David Held (ed.), Prospects for Democracy: North, South, East, West (Oxford: Polity Press, 1993) pp.412 $45.00 ISBN 0 7456 0989 9.

Anthony H. Birch, The Concepts and Theories of Modern Democracy (London: Routledge, 1993) pp.260 $38.95 ISBN 0 415 09108 X.

Kathleen Jones, Compassionate Authority: Democracy and the Representation of Women (New York: Routledge, 1993) pp.272 £12.99 ISBN 0 415 90644 X.

Robert Leach, Political Ideologies: An Australian Introduction. Second Edition (Melbourne: MacMillan, 1993) pp.245 $32.95 ISBN 0 7329 2001 9.

Lynn McDonald, The Early Origins of the Social Sciences (Montréal: McGill‐Queen's University Press, 1993) pp.397 ISBN 0 7735 1124 5.

Toby Miller, The Well‐Tempered Self: Citizenship, Culture, and the Postmodern Subject (Baltimore and London: The John Hopkins University Press, 1993) pp.290 $n.p. ISBN 0 8018 4604 8.

Yael Tamir, Liberal Nationalism (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1993) pp.194 $US24.95 ISBN 0 69107893 9.