解读古希腊与先秦儒家伦理政治观

“伦理”“政治”“道德”“伦理政治”在中西方不同的历史和文化情境中,有着不同的词源和含义,有着不同的形成路径和思维理路。本文从概念的起源与含义、伦理政治形成的不同历史情境入手,解读古希腊与先秦儒家伦理政治观的形成及其内涵。     

《说文》异词同训的定位分析

（一）东汉许填的（说文解字）（以下简称（说文》一书是我们研究先秦汉语词义的综合释义②比较集中而系统的典籍。这在许填（俄文）·刺中有这样的话：“六艺群书之访告训其意,而天地鬼神,山川草木、鸟兽昆虫、杂物奇怪、王制礼仪、世间人世莫不毕载”。这些“皆训其意”、“莫不毕载”的词义构成了先秦一部互为联系的整体系统。因此,研究和揭示（说文）中贮存的先秦汉语语义系统,是今天汉语语义系统研究的源头及基础。正如喻世长先生所说的：“一个民族的历史文化对于它认识当前世界的功能起着巨大的作用。一种语言的历史上的语义系统…     

儒家战争观及其历史命运

先秦儒家对战争的基本态度是把战争置于最高道德原则“仁”的基础之上,因此,先秦儒家的思想里张扬着一种独特的东方伦理主义精神。这一精神滥觞于孔子,经孟子发扬光大,旋由荀子集其大成。其中,在现实政治层面上,儒家战争观分化为孔子所代表的以“礼制”为核心,以及孟子为代表的以“民本”为核心两条不同的支脉。儒家战争思想在传统文化中占有无可辩驳的地位名的影响不仅轰然回响在漫长的历史长廊中,而且至今在文化的深层意识里,我们仍     

传统礼学的现代阐释--读《〈仪礼·丧服〉考论》

古代中国素以“礼仪之邦”著称于世。“礼”是我国古代社会最重要、最基本的特征。从一定意义上可以说中国传统文化就是“礼”的文化,中国政治就是“礼”的政治,中国历史就是“礼”的历史。传统礼学是我国传统文化的重要内容,而以现代学术视角对传统礼学进行探讨研究则是清理文化遗产、弘扬传统文化的题中应有之义。丁鼎博士的新著《〈仪礼·丧服〉考论》(社会科学文献出版社2003年7月)就是一部对传统礼学进行现代阐释的成功之作。     

试论先秦“德”的起源与流变

试论先秦“德”的起源与流变巴新生德是研究先秦宗教、政治、哲学、伦理等诸领域皆不能回避的重要范畴,同时又是见仁见智颇有争议的概念。关于德的起源有原始社会说、殷商时期说和西周新创说①。德的内涵则有图腾说、行为说、道德说等②。究竟孰是孰非是值得认真推敲的。...     

二重证据视阈下后稷史事考索

“后稷”是周族历史记忆中的始祖,在先秦时期的文献记载中,后稷出生、成长充满着带有原始思维的“神话”色彩,但在周人的诗歌中,又被赋予了独特的政治教化意义。他的事功以农业贡献为主,这在先秦时期的传世、出土文献中都能得到印证,是周人重视农业生产的重要象征。     

政治、政治学与历史研究

一 根据最初的“血缘”关系来说,历史与政治是近亲。中国自古以来就有官修正史的传统,这种史学的主要功能就在于“资治”,也就是通过研究历史为统治者提供政治统治的经验。西方国家虽没有官修正史的传统,但是,历史学家的视野也主要局限在政治领域中。在文艺复兴时期,意大利出现了以马基雅弗利为首的“政治学派”人文主义史学,     

先秦儒家法律思想中的“礼治”对当代法治建设的启示

儒家法律思想在我国法制思想史上的地位不言而喻。而“礼治”作为先秦儒家思想体系的核心内容之一,不仅是中国封建时期的法律思想的基石,影响着封建法律制度的构建,也因其历史上的功过对我国当代法治有所启示。本文在探讨先秦儒家法律思想中“礼治”思想的基础上,对当代法治如何正确对待传统“礼治”思想提出了几点建议。     

谈士山盘铭文的“服”字义

本文从唐兰先生旧说出发,讨论新见士山盘铭文“服”字含义,认为其相当于《左传》、《国语》中所见的“职贡”一词,具体包括职事与贡赋两个方面。另外提出士山盘铭之方国“履”应即金文所见的“眉敖”之“眉”。最后指出士山盘铭对于探讨西周恭王时期的政治和先秦服制都具有重要意义。     

“汉魏故事”与曹魏政权合法性的构建

所谓“汉魏故事”是指曹丕通过禅让方式获得刘汉天下的历史事件。无论陈寿《三国志》还是裴松之注，皆站在曹氏立场叙述这一事件，裴注援引《献帝传》更是以冗长的篇幅记述了禅让的整个过程。这一历史书写体现了曹魏禅汉的理论主张，即借助尧舜禹禅让故事阐释“天命不于常，帝王不一姓”等易代思想的历史合法性。该书写极力彰显曹丕才德，试图从理论上阐明非血缘继承的合理性。“汉魏故事”折射出的曹魏代汉理论表明，先秦以来政治文化中的“尊贤”与“亲亲”这对看似矛盾的政治理论，在现实中被巧妙地加以整合，成为当政者构建政权合法性的理论资源。“汉魏故事”所体现的禅让模式，对此后中国历代政权的更替产生了深远影响。     

企业理论发展脉络与研究内容评析

作为经济社会发展到一定历史阶段的产物,企业处于不断的演变过程中,企业理论也同样处于不断发展与演化过程中。本文试图通过对企业理论的发展脉络进行回顾和梳理,从经济学和管理学两个方面整理出典型的企业理论,并作出简要的述评,以期厘清企业理论的发展脉络和逻辑演进路径,并对企业理论的研究内容作出评析。     

Agency and Archaeology: Past, Present, and Future Directions

In light of the growing social scientific interest in agency theory, this paper sets out to examine and critically evaluate recent approaches to agency within archaeology. To this end, the paper briefly outlines the foundational theories of Pierre Bourdieu and Anthony Giddens before turning to discuss the central themes and issues that emerge from some of the more influential contemporary approaches to agency within archaeology. Drawing from these differing approaches, this paper seeks to establish conceptual clarity in archaeological thinking about agency through a discussion of the importance of distinguishing between intentions, consequences, meanings, and motives when seeking to understand the situated subjectivities of historical actors.     

Bernstein's Long Path to Membrane Theory: Radical Change and Conservation in Nineteenth-Century German Electrophysiology

This article aims at illustrating the historical circumstances that led Julius Bernstein in 1902 Bernstein, J and Tschermak, A. 1902. Ueber die Beziehung der negativen Schwankung des Muskelstromes zur Arbeitsleistung des Muskels. Pflügers Arch, 89: 289–331.  [Google Scholar] to formulate a membrane theory on resting current in muscle and nerve fibers. It was a truly paradigm shift in research into bioelectrical phenomena, if qualified by the observation that, besides Bernstein, many other electrophysiologists between 1890 and 1902 borrowed ideas from the recent ionistic approach in the physical-chemistry domain. But Bernstein's subjective perception of that paradigm shift was that it constituted a mere reinterpretation of the so-called preexistence theory advanced by his teacher Emil du Bois-Reymond in the first half of the nineteenth century.     

梯度理论综述

作为区域经济学的主要理论之一-梯度理论自20世纪70年代创立以来受到了诸多经济学家的关注,其理论基础也得以不断完善和巩固。该理论自20年世纪80年代初引入我国以来,在我国的经济战略制定中发挥了很重要的作用。随着其在我国经济社会中的实践,它也经历了传统(狭义)梯度理论、反梯度理论、广义梯度理论等诸阶段的演变,而每一个理论发展阶段都是对已有理论的重新审视和扬弃。以梯度理论的产生、发展演变为脉络,围绕该理论在不同发展阶段的代表性观点进行了归纳、总结梳理,并对传统(狭义)梯度理论、反梯度理论、广义梯度理论进行了简单评论。     

论地缘战略的主体间性——兼论中国地缘战略抉择

主体间性一词是20世纪西方哲学凸显出来的一个重要概念,对这一问题的研究有助于解决本体论、认识论和伦理学等多方面的问题。简单来说,主体间性就是主体之间的交互作用。主体间性具有物质性、实践性、历史性和社会性,其存在于集体主体之中,可以通过"教化"获得。据此,本文通过对四个经典地缘政治理论,即国家有机体论、海权论、陆权论和边缘地带论的历史分析,挖掘了隐含在其中的主体间性。并以美国对苏联和中国实施的地缘战略围堵为例,通过分析同一地缘战略所导致的截然不同结果,表明了地缘战略的构建、制定和实施都必须遵循主体间性。最后根据主体间性提出中国未来地缘战略抉择。     

Standing on the Shoulders of Giants: How Do We Combine the Insights of Multiple Theories in Public Policy Studies?

The combination of multiple theories in policy studies has a great potential value—new combinations of theories or concepts may produce new perspectives and new research agendas. However, it also raises important ontological, epistemological, methodological, and practical issues that need to be addressed to ensure disciplinary advance. This article identifies three main approaches: synthesis, in which we produce one theory based on the insights of multiple theories; complementary, in which we use different theories to produce a range of insights or explanations; and contradictory, in which we compare the insights of theories before choosing one over the other. It examines the issues that arise when we adopt each approach. First, it considers our ability to “synthesize” theories when they arise from different intellectual traditions and attach different meanings to key terms. Second, it considers the practical limits to using multiple theories and pursuing different research agendas when academic resources are limited. Third, it considers the idea of a “shoot‐out” in which one theory is chosen over another because it appears to produce the best results or most scientific approach. It examines the problems we face when producing scientific criteria and highlights the extent to which our choice of theory is influenced by our empirical narrative. The article argues that the insistence on a rigid universal scientific standard may harm rather than help scientific collaboration and progress.     

THE CRISIS OF HUMANITY: OR,WHAT IF WE HAVE NEVER BEEN HUMAN?

This collection of nine essays brings together a variety of responses to the question of the “nonhuman turn” within the humanities and the social sciences, understood broadly as a developing concern with overcoming anthropocentrism in its diverse manifestations. Emerging from The Nonhuman Turn conference held at the University of Wisconsin‐Milwaukee in 2012, which was hosted by the Center for 21st Century Studies, it represents the first attempt to account for and consolidate the many intellectual approaches and developments that may now be regarded as constituting the nonhuman turn. The nonhuman turn is contextualized as both “yet another” turn but also a necessary one, and as something critically distinct from “the posthuman turn”—whereas the posthuman turn is concerned with what comes after the human (ways of being, ways of thinking), the nonhuman turn insists (according to editor Richard Grusin) that “we have never been human.” My reading of this volume suggests that this claim is not borne out across the chapters it contains, and that the notion that we have never been human, though a noble gesture to Bruno Latour's widely lauded claim that “we have never been modern,” does not enable a new philosophy, nor does it advance the two primary streams of philosophical thought featured here: object‐oriented ontology (OOO) and new materialism.     

邓小平理论与中国特色社会主义理论体系关系研究述评

党的十七大提出了中国特色社会主义理论体系的新概念,学者们从不同层次、不同角度、不同视野对邓小平理论与中国特色社会主义理论体系之间的关系进行了较为深入的研究和探讨。主要包括邓小平理论与中国特色社会主义理论体系整体的关系、邓小平理论与中国特色社会主义理论体系各组成部分的关系以及对两者关系研究的不足和今后研究的思路及方向的探讨。