Media portrayal of the cultural relationship between Australia and Japan

This article traces Japanese and Australian media portrayals of the cultural aspects to the bilateral relationship. The article examines popular discourse about Japan and Australia in the media of each country, demonstrating how this has reflected the evolution of the cultural relationship. In Australia, the press has swung from portraying Japan as a problematic source of income from the resources trade, through to the home of ‘cool’ technology and fashion. In Japan, discourse about Australia has ranged from images of a country populated with cute animals, to a regional partner sharing the same democratic ideals. The article draws from the personal experiences of the author who was a correspondent and journalist for Australian and Japanese news corporations during the 1980s and 1990s. The author covered the ‘koala wars’ and the frill-necked lizard boom prompted by the Mitsubishi Mirage television commercial, as well as monitoring the growth in Japanese tourism to Australia. The author also draws on data from tracking surveys conducted by the Embassy of Japanese in Australia.     

文物走私与文物盗窃非法交易之间的关系

物盗窃、非法交易和走私是物犯罪活动的三个主要环节,为了防范和打击物犯罪活动,有效地遏制物犯罪活动,有必要深入分析物走私与物盗窃、非法交易三之间的关系。     

满语文献保护开发与历史文化综合研究

本文主要对满语文献保护调研与整理开发、满语文献与历史文化深层次综合研究、满语文献与相关学科结合研究、学科建设发展与后继人才培养等深入发展问题进行探讨。通过对满语、文献等文化遗产的保护与开发相关学科的深入研究提供科学依据,促进满——通古斯诸族语言文化起源发展研究,以及阿尔泰诸族语言文化比较研究、汉语言文化与北方诸民族语言文化关系研究、清史、满族史研究、中国民族史研究、文化人类学研究。通过对满语、文献与历史文化的深层次综合研究,发掘满族文化精神中的精髓,研究其治国方略的经验与教训,为我国现代社会经济文化发展提供借鉴,为政府决策机构制定民族政策、外交政策提供参考。     

The Italian resistance between history and memory

Abstract

Since the 1960s the Resistance has held pride of place in public ceremonial, political debate and to a point also in historcial writing in Italy. The emphasis on its popular and national character transformed the Resistance into the struggle of the whole country to rid Italy of the German invaders and the small number of Italian fascists who remained their allies, but in ways that took no account of the complexity of people's reactions and the different ways in which Italians experienced the years immediately after the fall of fascism. In the last decade, however, numerous accounts have been published that contradict the images of the Resistance that for 30 years have constituted the ‘official’ memory of the Italian Republic. As a result, the Resistance offers a classic example of the ‘public use of history’, in which historical interpretation has served primarily to justify party political, instutitional and idelogical ends. It is now clear, however, that the supposed unity against fascism was more the result of agreement that there were limits beyond which political differences could not be pressed rather than of a deeper political unity that might have provided the basis for the political and institutional reform of the Italian Republic. The contrasting memories and interpretations of that period that have recently re-emerged for the same reason make it more difficult to project a new Italian democracy for the future.     

From revolutionary heroism to cultural heritage: museums,memory and representation in Laos

ABSTRACT. Museum exhibitions in Laos represent two main strands of Lao national identity discourse. First, they glorify the ‘liberation struggle’ of the so‐called ‘Lao multiethnic people’ under the leadership of the Lao People's Revolutionary Party, and therefore serve as important ideological tools for the current regime's self‐legitimisation. Second, they display the history and cultural heritage of the Lao nation, providing the postcolonial state with a narrative of historical continuity and civilisation that is focused mostly on the dominant ethnic Lao culture. This article explores the contradictions within official images of the Lao nation‐state and how these opposing strands of national identity compete or interact. Museums as key arenas of ideological tensions constitute illuminating fields of research on discourses of national identity in Laos.     

The ‘Justinianic Plague’: the economic consequences of the pandemic in the eastern Roman empire and its cultural and religious effects

Taking as his starting point recent debates over the significance of the ‘Justinianic Plague’ to enquiries into the transition from late antiquity to the early Middle Ages, the author aims to demonstrate that the widely supported relativizing position is untenable. The short‐term demographic and economic consequences of the epidemic must have been catastrophic; the plague, however, seems to have affected the population of the Roman empire in the east most of all in the cultural and religious sphere, in that it prompted or reinforced processes of reorientation that were of fundamental significance to the transformation of the eastern Roman into the Byzantine empire.     

Selling civilization: toward a cultural analysis of America's economic empire in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries

This essay builds on work that is exploring the convergence of economic and cultural approaches to understanding imperialism through an examination of the particular case of American commercial expansion in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. Based on my archival research into the promotional and practical strategies of five of the largest American companies that were international in sales, I suggest some of the ways that an analysis of commercial imperial representations of, and knowledges about, race, gender and civilization adds to our understanding of the multiplicity of imperialisms. I argue that examining these multiplicities can help contribute to a critical postcolonial perspective.     

欧洲洞穴艺术与生产活动的关系

欧洲洞穴艺术是指旧石器时代晚期,大约距今3万至1万年左右欧洲奥瑞纳文化、梭鲁特文化和马格林文化洞穴遗址中发现的丰富的雕刻、雕塑和壁画等人类所创作的各种原始艺术品。欧洲洞穴艺术主要分布在法国南部、西班牙、意大利北部以及说西班牙语的地中海东部诸国家和岛屿;在前苏联也曾有过报道。据近年来的统计,法国有138处,西班牙有106处,西西里和意大利共有21处,葡萄牙有2处[1]。这些遗址中的艺术品少则几件,多则数百件不等,但最为集中和著名的见于法国和西班牙的一些洞穴遗址中。关于欧洲洞穴艺术的研究在我国学术界并不多见,已有…     

Collections of Chinese antiquities outside China: problems and hopes

Abstract

This paper is a revised and abbreviated version of an inaugural address delivered on 3 March 2005, at the International Centre for Chinese Heritage and Archaeology. The Centre was jointly established in London by the Institute of Archaeology and the School of Oriental and African Studies, University College London, together with the School of Archaeology and Museum Studies at Beijing University as their Chinese partner institution.     

The nation and the city: urban festivals and cultural mobilisation

This article attempts to map the relations between nation‐building processes in 19th‐century Europe and city cultures with their urban sociability. Three patterns are surveyed: [1] the modern‐national assimilation of medieval and early‐modern city cultures (sample case: Orléans and the French cult of Joan of Arc); [2] the modular replication across cities of urban festivals as cultural mobilizers (sample case: the spread of Floral Games festivals in Southern France and Northern Spain); [3] the reticulation of city‐based practices into a nationwide and nation‐building network (sample cases: the role of choral societies in German cultural nationalism; and its transnational knock‐on effect in the Baltic Provinces). By choosing the city as our social focus and placing it (or rather, its ideal‐type ‘Urbania’) alongside Gellner's ideal‐types of ‘Megalomania’ and ‘Ruritania’, we can avoid the finalism of studying regionalist and nationalist movements in the analytical framework of the post‐Versailles state system, and we gain a better understanding of the granulated, localized social basis of such movements and the translocally homogenizing role of culture.     

全球视域中的党政关系 --兼从党的执政能力建设视角

全球化为我们带来了党政关系的多种模式。在现有制度资源基础上理顺党政关系,是推进政治体制改革的关键环节和提高党的执政能力的关节之点。因此,我们必须在科学把握党政关系的历史性维度和时代性维度的基础上．改进党的执政方式,重构党的执政功能,从而使党政关系在具体性维度上得以合理展开。