城市建成区户外游憩系统初探--以兰州市为例

从分析城市建成区居民生活与闲暇现状出发,对构建城市建成区户外游憩系统进行了理论思考,认为:城市建成区户外游憩系统适合城市建成区居民户外游憩活动谱中较小尺度的游憩行为;为满足城市居民的闲暇需求而建构的游憩系统,必须遵循一定的原则,才能达到游憩场地和游憩设施效用的最大化、居民游憩偏好的最大满足;以人为本是户外游憩系统构建的总原则,地方性、内向定位等则是总原则的具体体现。在此基础上,以兰州市为例,提出了建成区户外游憩系统的实际构想--构建兰州市建成区户外游憩系统,既要看到该市建成区环境具有明显的\"廊道\"效应、黄色为背景色等特征,又不能忽视在建成区内的一百多万城市居民的生活实际。依据户外游憩系统构建原则,在充分利用兰州市现有的游憩场地和游憩设施的前提下,提出了滨河游憩走廊、城市中心体系游憩系统的构建思想。     

户外游憩体验质量评价研究——以上海城市公园自行车活动为例

本文探讨了户外游憩体验质量、游憩者、游憩地之间的内在关系,初步构建了户外游憩体验质量评价模型;以上海城市公园自行车活动为例,通过现场问卷调查和访谈获取基础数据,探讨自行车活动核心游憩体验因子构成及核心影响因素,初步形成了户外游憩体验质量量化评价的方法。     

国内外城市生态游憩空间研究进展

城市生态游憩空间是重要的稀缺资源,在生态环境保护和宜居城市建设方面发挥着巨大作用。本文基于Web of Science核心合辑和中国知网收录的期刊文章,对国内外城市生态游憩空间的相关研究进行了系统回顾,指出国外研究集中在空间布局与管理、与可持续城市的互动关系、游憩者使用以及居民福祉;国内研究则更关注特征演变、生态系统服务评价、规划开发和游憩利用。结果表明,城市生态游憩空间研究具有视角多元、尺度多样、方法广泛的特点,但在未来研究中,中国仍需完善理论构建、丰富研究对象、坚持以人为本、强化耦合关系,以优化研究体系。     

Climate and visitation to Utah's ‘Mighty 5’ national parks

ABSTRACT

The relationship between climate and visitation to managed natural areas has been analyzed at a variety of different spatial scales. We expand upon our existing knowledge on this topic by: (1) determining how a wide range of climate variables affect visitation across a regional tourism system; and (2) identifying which variables affect visitation system-wide and which variables only affect visitation at specific parks. Our analysis focuses on five national parks located in southern Utah (USA) commonly referred to as ‘the Mighty 5’. We found monthly average daily maximum temperatures were the best predictor of system-wide visitation, suggesting average daily maximum temperatures play a more direct role in tourists’ travel decisions relative to other climate variables, including other derivations of temperature. We also found declines in monthly park visitation for three parks (Arches, Canyonlands, and Capitol Reef) once average daily maximum temperatures exceed 25 C. For Bryce Canyon and Zion however, monthly visitation continued to increase well above this threshold. The geophysical characteristics of these parks appear to mediate the relationship between average daily maximum temperature and visitation. The commonly found ‘inverted U-shape’ relationship between temperature and visitation should not be seen as a universal maxim. We also found precipitation to be a poor predictor of system-wide visitation, but a significant factor shaping the travel decisions of visitors to Bryce Canyon, the only park to offer snow-based outdoor recreation opportunities. Future research should not disregard the possibility of precipitation being a significant factor shaping visitors’ travel decisions. By conducting our analyses at two distinct scales, we have found there is a difference between the individual climate variables that are regionally-significant drivers of visitation and those that are locally-significant drivers of visitation. Scale matters in analyses of the relationship between climate and visitation.     

城市公共空间与移民跨群体融合研究——时空间行为视角的研究综述

大规模人口流动背景下的社会极化和社会排斥是全球城市普遍面临的挑战,移民的跨群体社会融合已成为中国城市研究关注的新议题。城市规划和地理学者长期重视公共空间的社会融合效应,强调通过公共空间的营造改善群体间的包容态度、促进群体间融合。然而,持续增强的移动性使得本就存在争议的公共空间跨群体融合效应更加复杂。本文从时空间行为的视角出发,从时间、空间、行为三个维度,构建围绕公共空间的移民—本地居民跨群体融合效应综合分析框架。此框架整合空间、行为和时间三个维度,考虑个体活动与移动的连续性,构建多重空间情境下的活动—移动链,揭示公共空间在不同时间尺度上的跨群体融合效应。在移动性增强的背景下,时空间行为视角的研究框架有助于理解人—地交互的社会融合效应,为包容性城市建设提供参考。     

Engaging with nature: nature affords well-being for families and young people in Finland

ABSTRACT

Contact with nature is increasingly being recognized as contributing to humans’ mental and physical health. This study explores how Finnish children, young people and families engage with nature during outdoor recreation. We apply a relational approach with the concept of affordance to understand better how engagement with nature affects their well-being. The study is based on thematic writings of 15- to 21-year-olds and on an ethnographic study of camping. Findings indicate that engagement with nature enables young people to calm down and to get away from the pressures of everyday life and affords close interaction for families. The relational approach makes visible that the more young people and families spend time in nature, the more they are able to perceive affordances that enhance their well-being. In future research and policy, the focus should be on how to support families’ engagement with nature by securing time and places for encountering nature.     

Stuck between ‘the rock’ and a hard place: rural crisis and re-imagining rural Newfoundland feminine subjectivities

There has been a growing body of research exploring the mobility experiences of rural youth as they migrate in search of work, education and leisure. In this article we contribute to this body of knowledge by examining the mobility experiences of young women (16–24 years) living on the southwest coast of Newfoundland, Canada. In contrast to dominant constructions of rural crisis that position out-of-the-way places as in decline, dying or dead, we argue that the young women in our study articulated complex, affective relations to place. In so doing, they negotiated localized histories, prevailing social relations, broader discursive constructions and embodied affective connections in forging their emplaced feminine subjectivities. We argue that foregrounding the complex and at times contradictory relationships that the young women articulated with their rural homes is an important step in prying open dominant albeit constraining constructions of the rural, thereby allowing for alternative and more inhabitable imaginings of out-of-the-way places.     

On children's independent mobility: the interplay of demographic,environmental, and psychosocial factors

In the past 50 years, a marked reduction has occurred in European and North American children's freedom of movement and outdoor play. Using a structural equation model, the present study investigates the interaction between personal, environmental, and psychosocial factors that affect children's independent mobility. The study involved 313 mothers of 8–10-year-old Italian children. The results supported the hypothesized model: the age of the child, the maternal perception of social danger, and positive potentiality of outdoor autonomy were the most influential variables on children's independent mobility, measured as an index. Further, the maternal perceptions mediated the influence of the other demographic, psychosocial, and environmental variables on independent mobility.     

城市老年人户外体力活动时空特征的社区分异——基于GIS、GPS、加速度计的实证研究

城市老年人的户外体力活动的时空特征直接反映了其对城市体育空间的利用情况及闲暇时间的体力活动情况。本文基于2017年南京市老年人GPS活动轨迹和GT3⁺调查的第一手数据,运用MATLAB时空密度趋势面的可视化技术和GIS测度空间面积分析并比较南京市不同社区老年人户外体力活动的时空特征、活动空间形态与面积、体力活动量等,揭示不同社区老年人户外体力活动时空特征的社区分异,为政府相关部门了解城市老年人户外活动规律提供理论依据,为城市规划建设部门改善相应的社区建成环境、促进老年人积极的生活方式提供实践指导。     

Tehran’s subway: gender,mobility, and the adaptation of the ‘proper’ Muslim woman

Tehran’s subway, the most affordable means of public transportation in the city, offers a useful context to study the relationship between women’s spatial mobility, the construction of self, and social production of space. This study focuses on Line 1 of Tehran’s subway that connects Tehran’s Bala Shahr (Northern Tehran) and Paeen Shahr (Southern Tehran) neighborhoods. This study draws upon 46 semi-structured interviews with women who were using subway Line 1 in the fall and winter of 2012. The average hour-long interviews examine how women’s emotional states as well as their perceptions of self and space vary as they traverse the city on Line 1. Representing a cultural as well as a spatial transect through the city, the perceptions of women on subway’s Line 1 convey the repudiation of the state’s attempt to promote a singular Muslim female identity. The findings suggest that similar to women’s perception of space, their gendered identities are constantly changing through the enhanced mobility that is facilitated by Tehran’s subway system. In contrast to what is presumed in the West, with a simple change in their hijab style or make-up, Iranian women innovatively negotiate contrasting spaces.     

高层居住小区儿童游戏空间发展特征与更新方向

本文从探讨住宅高层化对儿童户外游戏空间影响入手,引入\"第一,第二,第三游戏空间\"的概念,对城市居住区游戏空间历史演变脉络进行考察。再通对游戏空间适宜度指标研究和应用,分析出以北京为代表的高层居住区户外游戏空间发展特征与问题。然后通过改造实例介绍以及东京、北京典型高层住宅小区户外游戏空间据点和行为轨迹对比研究,提出引入\"家地带\"改造理念和促进游戏空间资源多样化的设计手法,是更新与提升我国高层住宅小区外部空间游戏适宜度的两大方向。     

“非正常”的文化标签下“同志”社会空间的生产——以广州市X公园“同志渔场”为例

性少数群体对于城市空间的利用是城市研究中的新兴话题。这类研究主要探讨\"非主流\"的社会身份如何通过对特定的社会空间的利用,引发空间意义的生产及社会关系的建构。本文以广州市X公园的\"同志渔场\"为案例,研究男同性恋者对于城市公共空间的利用与体验。研究认为,X公园的\"同志渔场\"不仅给性少数群体提供了性身份暂时解放的空间,亦是其不断体验自身\"非正常\"的身份标签的空间。同志的空间实践体现的不是对于主流的社会规范的抵抗。相反,他们的空间实践是明显地处在\"非正常\"这一身份标签的作用之下的。     

城市娱乐场所感知空间研究

伴随城市社会、经济的快速发展,城市居民生活方式发生着深刻地变化。城市娱乐消费已逐渐成为大多数人们日常生活的重要方面,对于城市娱乐场所的研究越来越受到城市社会学和城市地理学等学者的重视。为促进城市空间结构和城市社会生活和谐发展,创造良好的城市生活质量,提升城市价值,本文立足于人文主义的角度,运用行为学和心理学的研究手段,以人文地理学的社区和场所体系为基础,全面探讨了居民对城市娱乐场所的空间感知。