论佛经文献在我国图书事业发展中的地位与作用

论佛经文献在我国图书事业发展中的地位与作用孟雪梅,田丽君佛经文献在我国浩如烟海的古代典籍中占有独特的位置,它是我国光彩夺目的历史文化宝库中的重要内容。佛经文献对我国的历史、文化的发展起了极为重要的作用,因而它也是我国古代文明的佐证。佛教传入我国始于汉...     

从佛教看外来文化对中国传统文化的影响

佛教传入中国以后,与中国传统文化的各方面进行了调和,最后儒、释、道三教合一。佛教中国化后对中国传统文化的影响主要表现在古代哲学和文学方面。朱熹的可观唯心主义哲学体系有若干内容采自佛教禅宗、华严宗的思辨。佛教传入中国,部分佛典本身就成为优秀的文学作品;敦煌遗书中变文的有些内容就取材于佛经故事;佛教与诗也具有很深的渊源。     

唐宋时期四川雕版印刷考述

印刷术是我国古代的四大发明之一。在印刷术发明以前,我国书籍的流传全靠人手工抄写,这样既费力又慢,同时还容易发生错误。印刷术的发明,促进了文化的传播和发展,最早的印刷术即后来所说的雕版印刷。雕版印刷就是在尺寸相同的木板上,刻出凸出的反写文字或图案,然后在木板上涂墨铺纸,用刷子在纸背上轻轻一刷,就印出了正写的文字和插图。雕版印刷术的发明,更进一步促进了文化的传播和发展。我国的雕版印刷创始于何时,历史上各说不一。迄今为止,较为可靠的说法是我国的雕版印刷始于隋,最初印刷的是佛经佛像,文史书籍还是靠抄写。到晚唐时期,雕版印刷术已经在长江上、     

汉代体育文化的传播

汉代体育文化的传播陈成军,王永红传播是文化交流的重要方式,没有传播就没有文化的发展,在某种程度上可以说,传播就是文化的实现。汉代之所以成为我国古代体育文化发展的重要时期,乃在于中外各民族、国内各地区间频繁广泛的文化传播,使汉代能够吸收、融合中外各民族...     

西夏对中国印刷史的重要贡献

西夏王朝善于接受其他民族的优秀文化,继承和发展了中原地区的印刷事业,对中国印刷术的传播和发展做出了多方面的重要贡献扩大了雕版印刷使用地区,繁荣了中国西北部的印刷事业,开创了西夏文字雕版印刷,设置专门管理刻印的机构刻字司;存留有很多珍贵木雕版,丰富了早期雕版印刷实物;首创两种文字合璧雕印,开创草书文字印刷;继承并发展泥活字印刷,为中国发明活字印刷提供重要证据,并成功实践木活字印刷,使木活字印刷发明的时间提前一个多世纪;将印刷术用于基层社会生活,保存了最早的社会文书印刷品,使印刷技术更贴近日常生活;最早使用藏文雕版印刷,存有多种最早的藏文刻本古籍,同时应用回鹘文木活字印刷,保存有最早的字母活字。西夏时期境内的各民族互相交流,互相促进,在印刷领域互相借鉴交流,发展进步,充分体现出西夏在印刷领域对中华民族的重要贡献。     

跨文化背景下民族院校中外交流主体间的差异分析

我国少数民族的对外交流在跨文化交流中具有自己的特色,民族院校在对外交流中承担着民族文化的宣扬、传承,与异域文化的嫁接等功能。本文从跨文化交流的内容、原则,不同文化背景下中外交流主体行为与思维的差异等方面进行分析,表述了民族院校中外文化交流的研究是一个极具理论意义和实用价值的课题,并就如何在跨文化背景下做好国际教育交流中来华留学生教育工作提出了一些见解。     

满译藏传《往生咒》考释

佛教经咒类文献是在佛教发展的漫长历史中逐渐积累形成的,指的是以佛教经文和咒文汇编而成的文献,其内容博大精深,除佛教教义外还涉及政治、伦理、哲学、文学和习俗等方面,是人类历史上一笔丰富的文化遗产。清代满族宗教信仰以萨满教为主,随着与其他民族的日益交往并制定相应的民族政策以达到统治目的,清朝皇帝逐渐开始礼佛并大量翻译佛经。满译《往生咒》是最为重要的满译佛教经咒类文献之一,颇具代表性。对满译《往生咒》中梵文、满文以及汉文对音的研究,不仅可以直接准确地考证梵文字母的读音,揭示满译佛经咒语的规律,同时对研究佛教在整个清代宗教中的地位具有重要意义。     

书讯

<正>《西域考古与艺术》林梅村著北京大学出版社,2017年11月本书内容涉及塞伊玛-图尔宾诺文化遗物所见古代冶金技术的传播、古代西域民族迁徙和重新分布对丝绸之路文化艺术的影响、西域都护府遗址的发现,以及珠宝艺术与中外文化交流等问题。作者以考古材料为依据,结合扎实的文献考证和实地踏查,对目前学界存在争议的一些学术问题得出了独到见解,令人耳目一新。     

十六国时期佛教与民族大迁徙大融合

历史上的“十六国”时期匈奴、鲜卑等南下少数民族在中国北方建立起一批割据政权,战乱连年,民生凋敝,对经济、文化造成严重破壤。伴随着这些政权的兴灭,引起各族民家主动或被动的大规模流动迁徙。这一时朝乃是中国历史上规模空前的民族大交流、大融合时期。其时佛教在中国漠地弘传已有相当基础,这些政权大都优遇僧人．礼佛斋僧,盛建塔寺,组织佛典翻译,支持佛教发展。这样,民族迁徙与融合促进了佛教的传播与兴旺,为此後中国佛教的繁荣昌盛奠定了基础;而佛教又成为联结与融合各民族的精神纽带、各少数民族接受汉地先进文化的津梁,从而对於各民族交流与融合,对於中华民族大家庭的发展与巩固作出了贡献。     

丝绸之路上的宗教文化接触

丝绸之路是古代中国与其他国家、地区、民族之间物质文化和精神文化相互交流的产物,是东西方文明相互接触与碰撞的结果,同样也是中华民族实行对外开放政策的有力证明。历史上,丝绸之路是中外经济、文化交流的桥梁,把古代中国文化与中亚、西亚、波斯,甚至古希腊、罗马文化紧密联系起来。本文介绍了丝绸之路的概况、起源和交通路线等,以及在丝绸之路上发生的文化接触,论述各种宗教在丝绸之路上的传播,探讨丝绸之路上中国与西域各国在宗教方面的文化接触。     

Power and Ethnicity History and Anthropology

This essay reflects on the relationship between anthropological and historical scholarship of ethnicity, picking up on themes explored by Andre Gingrich, by considering the epistemological and evidentiary limitations of social scientific and historical analysis and reconstruction. Beginning with the consideration of the pioneering transdisciplinary efforts of Robert Darnton and Clifford Geertz, it argues that many of the weaknesses ascribed to such efforts are actually part of the nature of social scientific investigation which, in the terms of Peter Winch, must take into account two sets of relationships: that of the relationship between the scientist and the phenomena that he or she observes and the symbolic system that he or she shares with other scientists, which can only be understood from the social context of common activity. How these two relationships challenge social scientific analysis of ethnicity are examined through a consideration of the difficulties of applying Anthony Smith's definition of an ethnie to either Fredrik Barth's classic essay on “Pathan Identity and its Maintenance” or Helmut Reimitz's study of Frankish identity. It concludes that neither anthropologists nor historians are simply describing societies as they are or as they were but rather attempt to describe societies as witnesses within them thought they should be, and we do this for our own society, not for those of the participants, past or present.     

Garibaldi and Mazzini: thought and action

Abstract

The relationship between Mazzini and Garibaldi is described in its ideological roots and in its political developments, in order to show their different attitude towards the Italian unification. Although their first misunderstanding happened during the Roman Republic in 1849, Mazzini's influence is still strong in the organization and in the success of the liberation of Two Sicilies in 1860, particularly through Francesco Crispi. The final personal break was caused by the unlucky experience of the Mentana expedition (1867), when Garibaldi failed to free Rome. Fundamental ideas as democracy, republic, social justice, humanity and universal brotherhood have been however always common to them. The two protagonists of Risorgimento never intended accepting the role to which their fateful encounter prompted them – the one to provide the brawn and the other the brains for Italy's liberation. Just as Mazzini never renounced involving himself in the operational decisions of the movement, Garibaldi never gave up his own way of thinking and looking at things.     

千泉、白水城和恭御城考辨

根据汉籍史料和阿拉伯地理文献,区分了中外史料记述的不同,考辨了千泉、白水城和恭御城的方位。玄奘所言"千泉",当在今哈萨克斯坦的梅尔克;玄奘所言千泉与阿拉伯地理学家所记之千泉,并非指称同一地方。玄奘所记白水城与阿拉伯地理学家所记之白水城(Isfijab)不能相等同;玄奘所记"白水",似应"泉"字之讹,即为阿拉伯地理学家所记之千泉(Abarjaj);而玄奘所记"恭御城"是阿拉伯地理学家所记之白水城。     

解读《边城》和《苔丝》中的画面与音乐

《边城》和《德伯家的苔丝》(简称《苔丝》)分别是中英两国“乡土文学”的典型代表沈从文和哈代的主要代表作。两位作家将画面与音乐视为文字之外的语义载体,填补了文字所不能表达的空白,丰富了作品的主题意境。     

原真性与完整性:质疑、新知与启示

在世界遗产理论发展路程中,对遗产原真性及完整性的质疑和思考是推动理论不断丰富完善的一股重要动力。完整性适用于所有遗产地,整体保护政策正是对完整性这一命题的呼应和阐释。对遗产原真性的质疑主要表现在非物质文化遗产方面,特别是活态遗产,现在遗产界已经越来越认识到非物质遗产不能简单套用物质遗产的原真性,非物质文化遗产环境的原真性要素也可以表现为一种"演进中的原真性"。因质疑而思考,进而获得新知。这一途径启示我们,应以一种开放性的、持续完善的思维和态度来对待遗产事业。     

Geography and psychoanalysis: Tensions and possibilities

I am concerned in this paper with the diversity of psychoanalysis, a feature of the discipline which we can connect with diasporas and the re-working of ideas in different locales. I try to demonstrate how experience and environment have contributed to the development of psychoanalysis. Key to the production of knowledge are the journeys of theorists, practitioners and ideas. Following Liz Bondi, I stress the importance of acknowledging the connection between experience, theory and practice in our own work. I suggest that geographers can follow those psychoanalysts who have moved from the clinic to broader political projects but that they should engage with recent critical research in psychoanalysis if a dialogue is to develop.     

Dictatorships and Revolutions in Portugal and Chile: Ethnography,Memory and Invisibilities

This article discusses the relation between ethnography and underexposure of memory. Displaying similar characteristics, the ethnographies we developed in Portugal and Chile dealt precisely with this thematic in different chronological periods. We are going to point out our fieldwork convergences, specifically in what concerns the data recollection process.     

真品与高仿、粗仿青花瓷热释光及成分分析对比实验

为了防止有人以假乱真,扰乱古董市场的健康发展,为此通过三种青花瓷碎片(真品、高仿、粗仿)的热释光及微探针型X荧光分析对比,找出三者的不同。结果表明,热释光法可以直接给出真伪。从X荧光得到成分来对比此三种瓷片的异同结果,建议用瓷胎的多个主、微量元素一起来分析对比,才易于得到正确的结论。     

Engineers and engineering history: problems and perspectives

In past decades, the history of engineers and engineering has seen spectacular development. Despite this, major interrogations are still left unanswered. This article examines some of these pending questions, like the type of relation that exists between engineering knowledge and practice, or the complex articulation between continuities and discontinuities that characterizes engineering history. Finally, the article proposes to focus on engineering rationality as a possible way to address some of these issues. In order to do so, engineering rationality is not to be confused with some kind of generic and abstract logic. On the contrary, it must be historicized.