河南平粮台和郝家台遗址龙山文化的颅骨形态学分析

平粮台、郝家台龙山文化遗址是近年来豫东、豫南地区重要的考古发现,本文对两处遗址出土的龙山文化颅骨标本进行了人种学研究.平粮台组颅骨形态与先秦时期的古中原类型居民一致,而郝家台组与古中原类型、古华北类型和古西北类型均有较多相似之处.人骨的碳氮同位素分析显示,相对于平粮台遗址单一的粟作农业,郝家台粟作与稻作农业的并存揭示了郝家台龙山遗址可能存在人群的文化交流,这与郝家台组颅骨多种体质类型的混合特征相吻合.     

文化形态史学析论

文化形态史学对 1 9世纪的“科学”史学展开了深刻的批判 ,同时也对2 0世纪的史学有开启之功 ,具体表现在四个方面 :从显在的欧洲中心史观到隐蔽的欧洲中心史观、从局域主义到整体主义、从“脱魅”到“复魅”、从单线时间观到多元时间观     

青海羌人的迁徙与后来多民族的融合

我省的民族史表明,"从古到今各个民族的形成几乎都是多源多流的,源流之间又有着复杂的交错联系,有些是同源异流,有些是异源合流,有些则又是源流交叉。要孤立地搞清一个民族的族源及其发展历史,几乎是不可能的"。     

A rock magnetic record of Pleistocene rainfall variations at the Palaeolithic site of Attirampakkam,Southeastern India

Attirampakkam, an open-air stratified Palaeolithic site in southeastern India is the focus of ongoing studies to investigate the nature of Lower and Middle Palaeolithic occupation in relation to changing Pleistocene environments. The paucity of faunal or palaeobotanical remains at the site required the use of rock magnetic properties (χ_lf, χ_fd, χ_fd %, χ_ARM, SIRM, χ_ARM/SIRM, SIRM/χ_lf, χ_ARM/χ_lf, χ_ARM/χ_fd, S-ratio, HIRM and HIRM/IRM_300mT) as proxies for deciphering the palaeoenvironments and palaeoclimates of the region. Rock magnetic data from stratified deposits within excavated trenches show that the bulk of the sedimentation was intermittent with no subaerial exposure of sediments for long periods, and points to fluctuating wetter and drier climates associated with the Acheulian to Late Middle Palaeolithic levels. There is a general trend towards a wetter climate from Layer 5 upwards. Layer 7 offers evidence of bacterial magnetite (χ_ARM/χ_lf > 40 and χ_ARM/χ_fd > 1000), suggesting the onset of micro-anaerobic environments as a result of floods. Greigite is indicated in Layer 5 (SIRM/χ_lf > 30 × 10³ A m^?1), which indicates a reducing environment. Layer 2 represents an arid climate (higher proportion of haematite and a coarser magnetic grain size). Layer 1a again is indicative of an arid climate (presence of calcrete, magnetically “hard” minerals and coarser magnetic grain size). Results indicate that the southeast coast of India experienced a mostly dry tropical climate during the Pleistocene. The detected occurrence of a few notably more arid intervals did not disrupt occupation of the site by successive groups of hominins.     

Mr. Dithers Comes to Dinner: Telework and the merging of women's work and home domains in Canada

Studies of home-based telework by women yield mixed results regarding the usefulness of telework in facilitating work–life balance. Most research on the social impacts of home-based telework focuses on workers—employees or self-employed—who deliberately choose that alternative work arrangement. Labour force analysts, however, predict an increase in employer-initiated teleworking. As a case study of the workforce of one large, financial-sector firm in Canada, this article considers the conditions of employment of involuntary teleworkers, those required by their employer to work full-time from a home office. In-depth interviews were co nducted with a sample of 18 female teleworkers working for the case study firm in a professional occupation. Study participants described the advantages and disadvantages of working from home, particularly with regard to spatial and social aspects of locating work in a home setting. The gendered nature of their jobs, and the caring and supportive functions they provide both through their employment and their household responsibilities are seen to support the relocation of their jobs from office to their homes. In many jurisdictions, telework is promoted as a means of giving women more flexibility to balance their paid work with their household responsibilities; the article highlights some of the contradictions involved in moving the workplace into women's homes.     

明清榆林城市空间形态的演变

明清榆林城市的空间演变可概括为"初城、三拓、两筑、一缩"四个阶段.明代"榆城三拓"的正确解释是以正统所建城池为基础,经余子俊、黄绂、熊绣三次拓展而形成的城市形态,即榆林主城区域.外城(邓璋筑)与逻城(王遴修)皆不属于明、清时期人们认知下的"三拓"解释.通过对比分析城墙周长数据与相关建筑位置,得出熊绣拓城边界已至南河北岸...     

评《古文字构形学》

The present paper is a review of the Morphology of Ancient Chinese Writing by LiuZhao and at the same time puts forward some ideas on theoretical problems of the morphology of ancientChinese writing.Firstly,the theoretical research on Chinese characters should be based upon thedeep-going study of Chinese characters themselves,and a good grounding in the basic skill for decipheringancient characters constitutes the necessary precondition of constructing theories on ancient writing.Secondly,theoretical st...     

20世纪三四十年代斯宾格勒“文化形态史观”在中国的传播

20世纪30-40年代,斯宾格勒的文化形态史观对中国学界仍有影响,有的学者对它进行了较全面的评介;有的学者在将其运用、发挥于自己的研究领域。对这些情况,近年来出版的文论涉及较少,本文特加补述。     

超越形态学:列维--斯特劳斯与民间故事分析

在我们周围被发现的、令人尴尬的智力差异背后有一种黑格尔主义的残余,它依然在强迫我们去探索某种潜在的整一性或单一的时代精神.这种倾向在近年来没有其他地方比试图从大量的、非常独特的智力条件中,"发现"(创造)某种单一的结构主义方面更为明显.为了界定某个"结构主义者"的研究领域,人们可以引证许多这样的尝试,但在民俗学界早期努力创造的广义方法论中,最值得注意的可能是阿兰·邓迪斯的方法论.他在1964年的<北美印第安人民间故事形态>一文中,提出了对结构主义的早期看法,赋予了弗拉迪米尔·普洛普、克劳德·列维-斯特劳斯及其追随者的著作以"结构"的特征,并将它们与不同学科门类的广泛领域联系起来:     

形态历史学方法及其在历史研究中的应用

自然科学中的地学、植物学和人文科学中的语言学已有的形态学方法可以应用于历史学.形态历史学方法的要点在于:对历史客体的典型性和非典型性的区分,用过渡带概念取代边界概念;对历史系统内个体作比较研究,通过维的研究对历史客体作发生学的探讨;对历史系统的构成的研究等.     

Increasing contextual information by merging existing archaeological data with state of the art laser scanning in the prehistoric funerary deposit of Pastora Cave,Eastern Spain

In this paper we present a virtual reconstruction of prehistoric funerary practices in Pastora Cave, a collective burial site in Eastern Spain that dates from the Late Neolithic, Chalcolithic and Bronze Age. Modern data of the cave was captured by 3D laser scanning techniques and added to recorded archaeological data and 3D graphic information. The combination of these data sets allowed us to create a hypothetical reconstruction to analyze the material excavated in the 1940s and 50s in greater spatial context. A 3D model of the current cave was created in order to serve as a basis for modeling the relative stratigraphic information available. We present the methodology employed and the results and implications of the analysis for Pastora Cave with particular emphasis on the spatial and chronological data.     

The Amundsen expedition to the magnetic pole

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Behind God's Back. By N. Farson. Illustrated. Demy 8vo. Pp. 448. London : Victor Gollancz Ltd., 1940. Price 10s. 6d.

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The World and Ourselves. By E. White. Illustrated. Demy 8vo. Pp. 207. Edinburgh: W. and A. K. Johnston Ltd., 1940. Price 2s. 9d.     

关于大夏国都统万城的城市形态与内部布局问题

本文依据历史文献记载、考古发掘资料和实地考察对十六国时期赫连勃勃大夏国都统万城的若干问题进行了初步研究 ,认为统万城是由汉奢延城改筑而来的 ,今统万城东城遗址即当时的外郭城 ,西城即内城 ,而内城之西南部别有一个宫城 ,从而形成三重城垣的城市形态。关于统万城东城与西城的城垣、马面和城门问题 ,目前所见的有关调查报告记载的数据颇多分歧 ,除了毁圮和风沙掩盖等多种因素外 ,也与考察者方位判断的差异有关。统万城的主要宫殿西宫位于内城西南部 ,今统万城西城南部中央有高大的台基遗址 ,为城内最高之建筑遗址 ,应当就是当时西宫正殿即路寝 (永安殿、永安台 )所在。统万城内城 (西城 )的东南部另有一个东宫 ,西宫之北有别殿 ,离宫在城南 ,西宫之中还有温宫、凉殿 ,社、稷在内城 (西城 )之南部 ,内城北部为苑囿区。至于外郭城 (东城 ) ,目前仅可推测其东部偏北处有一官署区存在 ,居民区估计主要是在该城的西部及南部。统万城的城市形态与内部布局 ,很明显是受到了汉长安城即后秦长安城的深刻影响。     

Early studies on the biological effects of high-intensity magnetic fields

In 1892, Frederick Peterson described the experiences of humans exposed to magnetic fields of strength comparable to those currently used in magnetic resonance imaging. These investigations were conducted in the Edison Laboratory. None of the subjects exposed to constant and to time-variable magnetic fields suffered any ill effects. Peterson concluded that the human organism was in no way appreciably affected by the most powerful magnets known to nineteenth-century science. Peterson can be credited with the first truly scientific assessment of the biological effects of high-intensity magnetic fields. His experiments on humans, done one century ago with great cogency and skill, provide a source of inspiration to modern studies on magnetic resonance imaging.     

近代芜湖城市空间形态演变及其影响因素

晚清至民国初年,随着开埠通商和米市的兴起,芜湖的城区范围也在不断扩展,同时受到地理环境的制约,新拓展的城区主要分布在城西沿江地带,城市空间形态由传统的沿河带状分布演变为以河口中江塔为中心的"L"型新格局,并逐渐向沿江拓展,发展至今,芜湖已是一座名副其实的江城。分析演变过程背后的原因及其关系,发现在近代芜湖城市空间形态演变过程中,"城"、"港"和"市"三者相互依存、相互促进,保持着依存共生的复杂关系,共同推动着近代芜湖的发展,对三者复杂关系的深入探讨,对于近代整个长江沿江开埠城市的研究也有深远意义。     

Avian resources at a Mexican site at the time of the Spanish Conquest

The time of the Spanish Conquest in America saw a major biological interchange caused by human action. In the native people it was expressed by major changes in the use of animals, due to the introduction of domestic European fauna. This theme is discussed here based on a review of ethnohistorical sources and a small body of recent archaeological evidence. An analysis is presented of the use of birds at a Mexican settlement inhabited in the sixteenth century at the time of Spanish contact. The bird remains, 456 fragments, are from the site of El Japon, southeast of Mexico City. The main avian resources were domestic fowl, Gallus gallus, turkey, Meleagris gallopavo, and four species of ducks. The exploitation of scrub jay, Apheolocoura coerulescens is recorded for the first time in Mexican archaeo-ornithology. The study confirms ethnohistorical information about the introduction of the domestic fowl, but also shows that native resources were more widely used than is known from the chronicles of the sixteenth century. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

清代东北地区布特哈八旗建立时间考辨

清代在东北边疆鄂温克、鄂伦春、达斡尔等少数民族聚居地区,设立布特哈八旗进行管理,实行这种制度对这些民族的历史发展产生了重要影响。关于布特哈八旗建立的时间,学界看法不一,本文对此问题略作探讨。