新中国成立初期上海英资银行清理过程的历史考察

新中国成立后,随着社会主义改造的逐步展开,外商银行作为帝国主义在华金融势力的集中体现,其停闭成为历史必然。上海英资银行的清理过程比较复杂,从中国政府的策略来看,经历了从管理、利用到限制、清理的过程,而从英资银行角度而言,则有一个从观望到撤退的转变。1953年社会主义改造开始后,国家明确将消灭资本主义私有制列为社会发展目标,并制定了相应的政策,最终对英资银行采用了对价转让的清理方式,这也是新中国成立初期建立金融体系的必由之路。     

伪满洲国的中央银行制度

本文从伪满中央银行的产生、性质、职能角度研究伪满洲国的中央银行制度。伪满中央银行是在日本操纵下继承四行号业务基础上设立的,所谓＂圆活金融、稳定币值、统治金融＂不过是日本扩大对伪满洲国侵略与掠夺的手段与工具,其本质是实现日本的利益最大化。基于上述原因,伪满中央银行作为发币行和政府的银行之职能畸形膨胀,却无法承担集中存款准备、充当最后贷款人以及组织商业银行清算等＂银行的银行＂职能。     

从银行立法看30年代国民政府与沪银行业关系

20世纪30年代,围绕<银行法>、<银行收益税法>和<兑换券发行税法>、<储蓄银行法>等有关银行法规的颁行,南京国民政府与上海银行业之间进行了一系列交涉,这不仅从一个特殊角度体现了国民政府金融统制政策的形成,揭示上海金融业与国民党政权的关系,客观上也表明这一时期金融市场的运作、金融业务的开展乃至金融体系的构架,都不能离开法制手段.     

清末至抗战爆发前银行合并的变迁及其评价

小银行合并为大银行有助于稳固银行的信用、改善银行的服务效率、促进其稳定发展。晚清中国也出现了银行合并的情况。这些银行合并活动的成败对当时的金融业和经济发展具有不同的影响。了解清末至抗战爆发前我国银行合并的趋势与原因,总结银行合并的经验教训,有助于监管当局制定适当的银行发展政策,引导国内银行的合并活动,做大作强民族银行业。     

虞铁根先生的回信

《中国钱币》编辑同志： 您们好。贵部２月１４日来信收到。现对李铁虎先生在信中就拙文所提的几个问题,作如下答覆： 一、读者李先生在信中指出,１９９１年发行的１０分、２５分、５０分三枚水稻币应作为新的一套来对待,我本人认为这也是可以的。在我写文章时,考虑到该套币是组合性的流通纪念系列币,主题图案与前面的一样,且发行的银行实际上是一家（缅甸联邦银行、缅甸人民银行和缅甸中央银行三者是一家银行,只是在不同时期有不同称呼,１９９１年起改为现名“缅甸中央银行”）,因而将这不同年份出的水稻图案币归纳为一套了。但从…     

中国银行卡产业的价格行为研究——基于产业组织理论的分析

本文从产业组织理论的角度,基于我国银行卡产业是寡头垄断型的市场结构,对我国银行业的市场行为进行研究。通过大型国有银行和较大股份制银行收取年费和ATM跨行取现手续费,而中小银行坚持不收费的价格行为,分析其背后的经济学原理,试图揭示价格行为的原因、合理性和反映的趋势,并对银行的市场行为和改进定价方式提出了建议。     

海外华商投资中国大陆纪实

华人移居海外的发展史是世界史上奇异的一页1994年3月,当我漫步在“花园城市”新加坡时,朋友们指着大华银行、华联银行等几幢摩天大楼对我说：“这几座‘大山’无论你从狮城的哪个角度都可以看到它们。”果然。在市区,我从几个方向眺望它们,都可以看到它们高高在上的身影。     

旅行支票 畅行全球

对于喜欢出国旅游的人来说,除了信用卡和借记卡,旅行支票也是很好的选择,它几平等同于现金,但比现金更有保障。     

冀南银行流通币发行过程简谈

冀南银行成立于1939年10月15日,1948年4月与晋察冀边区银行联合办公,同年7月份合并为华北银行（10月1日正式挂牌）,12月1日又与北海银行、西北农民银行合并为中国人民银行。9年时间,经历了从创建到发展、巩固、胜利的全过程。     

语用功能视角下虚拟语气的教学启示

本文从对虚拟语气概念的界定入手,首先从不同的语法书籍中定义了虚拟语气,接着又在虚拟语气的概念范畴作了思考,从而引出近期研究虚拟语气的语用角度。从语用角度,本文分析了虚拟语气的两种语用功能：交际功能与认知功能。通过对于虚拟语气语用功能的讨论,本文收获了语用功能视角下对于虚拟语气的教学启示。     

SPATIAL PRICING IN INTERDEPENDENT MARHETS*

ABSTRACT. Conditions for spatial price equilibrium are derived for a set of firms in oligopolistic spatial competition, distributed at fixed locations in a heterogeneous region where consumer purchasing patterns are a probabilistic function of the price distribution rather than a deterministic function of proximity to firms. The resulting prices vary with accessibility to consumers or with the degree of local spatial monopoly, and result in non-zero profits for firms. Conditions describing the existence and stability properties of this spatial price equilibrium are defined, and are shown to be equivalent for two different hypotheses concerning disequilibrium pricing behavior: a partial price adjustment model and a Bertrand game. For two different profit goals, total profit maximization and profit rate maximization, it is shown that a spatial price equilibrium exists and is at least locally quasi-stable.     

中国外资银行空间网络演化的结构特征及其影响因素

本文基于外资银行网点数据,借鉴连锁型网络模型,构建了1990年、2001年和2015年中国外资银行空间网络并分析演化结构特征,最后借助条件Logit模型探讨了外资银行空间分布的影响因素。研究表明：①中国外资银行空间网络小世界网络特征明显,具有较大的集聚系数和较小的平均路径长度,网络中局域小集团网络化特征和核心-边缘结构明显。②随着网络规模的平稳增长,网络的有序性呈现出增强趋势,网络中金融连接度和金融可达性增加,金融传输效率和组织效率进一步提高,核心-边缘结构现象有所加剧。③外资银行空间分布的主导因素在不同时期不一样,1990年主导因素是市场机会和区位效应,2001年和2015年的主导因素是金融集聚,但指标的具体影响概率有所降低。     

Front and Back Covers,Volume 33, Number 3. June 2017

Front and back cover caption, volume 33 issue 3 Front cover Donald J. Trump being sworn in as the 45th president of the United States, 20 January 2017. The wealthiest and the oldest US president, Trump has also proved to be the most divisive, picking controversial cabinet members, many of whom, like him, are millionaires or billionaires with no experience of working in the public sector. During early 2017, white nationalists became emboldened by his xenophobic rhetoric. In this issue, four authors pick up on select dimensions marking the Trump presidency, including: post‐truth, the trickster phenomenon, the role of big data in the US elections and Trump's pet project, namely the border wall between Mexico and the US. To what extent is Trump's rise to power indicative of global trends? In what ways have the shortcomings of neoliberalism accelerated these processes? How can anthropologists best position themselves within national environments where authoritarian, misogynistic and xenophobic tendencies are on the rise? Back cover: FOOD WASTE There are increasing levels of food poverty in the UK and ever‐growing numbers of food banks which have become symbolic of the state of the nation. At the same time, there is also rising public concern about food waste or surplus. Although the largest proportion is produced in the home, consumers tend to blame supermarkets, often utilizing a discourse of environmentalism. Such concern has resulted in a number of high‐profile campaigns like the one shown here ‘Love Food, Hate Waste’ by WRAP (Waste and Resources Action Programme) – which is only one of a number targeting both the food industry and consumers. Recently, it has also been suggested that such surplus food should be given to the growing numbers of people in food poverty through charities which supply food to their clients, including (but not only) food banks. The recent introduction of the Food Cloud app in a partnership between FareShare and Tesco has facilitated such a process. Indeed, it is often contended that this is a win‐win situation which neatly solves both problems – too much food being produced and left unsold, and too many people who cannot afford to buy food. In this issue, Pat Caplan points to some of the problems in this apparently tidy solution, drawing on two case studies from her recent research. While those in food poverty receive donated food from the public via food banks or surplus food from companies, they recognize that the acceptance of such food, no matter how good its quality, is stigmatizing – left‐over food for left‐over people. On the other hand, the food industry benefits not only from the additional food purchased by consumers to donate to food banks, but also from the PR which accrues from donating its own surplus to charity. So the win‐win situation does not in the long term solve either the problem of production of surplus or the problem of poverty.     

实践中的转变：抗日根据地减租减息运动中的减息政策研究

在抗日根据地的减租减息运动中,减息政策的变化受多种因素的影响,但借贷利率的限制无疑是其中最重要的因素。由于规定的利率过低,造成农村金融借贷停滞,给农民的生产和生活造成很大困难,放开对借贷利率的限制成为唯一的选择。减息政策经历了从严格的利率限制到完全放开的转变,这是在实践中根据实际情况作出的政策改变,但从实际效果来看,放开对借贷利率的限制并没有起到预期的恢复农村借贷的效果,借贷困难的局面一直持续下去。     

A MODEL OF SHOPPING CENTERS*

ABSTRACT In this paper, we propose a model of developers' strategies for tenant mixes and the locations of shopping centers (SCs). Consumers have preferences for product variety, and tenants in the SCs sell differentiated goods. The consumers can choose two shopping behaviors: patronizing one or both of the two SCs. We show that if the consumers have strong preferences for product variety, the SCs agglomerate to free‐ride on the rivals' product varieties, and the consumers patronize both SCs. On the other hand, if consumer preferences are weak, the SCs locate at different locations, and the consumers patronize one of the two SCs.     

The stretched rubber band: banks,houses, debt and vulnerability in Australia

This article analyses the development of residential capitalism and financialisation in Australia. It outlines the series of economic vulnerabilities developing in the financial system, centred on household debt and inflated property markets. It then analyses why policy-makers have done so little to restrict the growth of household debt and house prices. I argue that financial policy-makers have underestimated the financial vulnerabilities building up in Australia – as evidenced by the slow take-up of macroprudential policies. I outline four reasons: first, the excellent profit performance of the major banks; second, the policy predilection for idealised economic liberal regulation; third, the development of a politico-housing complex; and, finally, the growing role of household debt in ameliorating distributional conflict by underpinning growth.     

Knowing “Good Food”: Immigrant Knowledge and the Racial Politics of Farmworker Food Insecurity

Abstract: This article explores the ways that farmworkers, many of whom come from a culture deeply rooted in food and agricultural practices, cope with food insecurity by utilizing their agricultural and nutritional knowledge. Food assistance providers in the USA often treat farmworkers' inability to afford healthy food as a lack of knowledge about healthy eating, reinforcing racialized assumptions that people of color don't know “good” food. I argue that in contrast to food banks and low‐income nutrition programs, home and community gardens provide spaces for retaining and highlighting agricultural, cultural, and dietary practices and knowledge. This paper investigates the linkages between workers' place in the food system as both producers and consumers, simultaneously exploited for their labor, and creating coping strategies utilizing agrarian and culinary knowledge. I argue that food security and healthy eating, rather than being a matter of consumers making healthy “choices”, is a matter of class‐based and racial differences in the food system.     

Coffee,Fair Trade,and the Commodification of Morality

The goals of the fair trade movement include guaranteeing a reasonable income for rural farmers in the Global South, building democratic institutions and gender equality, and promoting environmental sustainability. Proponents claim that consumers, through their buying choices, can counter the negative externalities created by neoliberal reforms of the past three decades. The question is, whether a market-oriented solution can address market-created ills, or whether fair trade is a marketing strategy to increase the profit margin of agencies along the commodity chain? This article examines how these questions have been addressed by the books under review.     

古城西安住宅消费市场满意度重要性与差异性分析

本文以古城西安为例,在第一手调查资料的基础上,构建了住宅市场消费满意评价模型,采用消费者指标选择累积统计的方法,构建了重要性与满意差异模型,进行了重要性与满意差异分析。研究结果显示:评价项目中,住房价格与中观小区空间因素满意评价较低;满意且重要区域主要集中于宏观区域因素;重要不满意区域,价格因素主导突出。     

THE EFFECTS OF ZONING IN SPATIAL COMPETITION

ABSTRACT This paper considers a location model to illustrate the effect of zoning on competition. A planner is in charge of designing a city in a circular space where firms and consumers are located on different sides. With this type of market configuration, equilibrium in location under concave transport costs is proved. Then, a welfare function with different weights attached to consumer and firm surpluses is introduced to highlight zoning regulation as an influential competition policy tool. Depending on the regulator's political profiles and the demand, it is shown that zoning can lead to strong, weak, or moderate competition.