People,possessions and domestic space in the late medieval escheators’ records

ABSTRACT

The medieval English escheator was a royal official who seized the goods and chattels of felons, fugitives and outlaws for the crown’s benefit. This article uses escheators’ inquests and accounts to ask what information exists about the location of forfeited possessions at the point of their appraisal by the escheator, and what is revealed about the use of space in the houses and outbuildings of lower status people? We also ask more general questions about contemporary understanding of the relationship between domestic objects and space. We find that there was limited interest in describing possessions according to their position within buildings. Nonetheless, one may use the order of items as they are recorded in the escheators’ lists of forfeited goods to explore the issues raised in the article. The records reveal an emphasis on the difference between ‘household utensils’ and other movables, especially crops and livestock.     

‘Unclaimed territory’: childhood and disordered space(s)

This paper explores adult discourses in literary references which revolve around the relationship between childhood and disordered space. This association is often constructed as a positive expression of the romantic innocence of childhood and nature, but it can also be construed as negative in cases where ‘little devils’ are let loose in hazardous urban settings. The complex dynamics of disorder relating to childhood are discussed in terms of the disorders both of nature and of injustice. The paper argues that childhood needs to be conceptualized less in terms of innocence and more in terms of otherness. Disordered spaces in these terms represent territories of becoming-other, where rhizomatic scrambling of adult-ordered striated space makes room for upwellings of the immanent othernesses of children.     

Debt,distraint, display and dead men’s treasure: material culture in late medieval Aberdeen

ABSTRACT

This paper uses the burgh court records of Aberdeen to explore the material culture of medieval Scottish townspeople. Four main areas are explored: the use of pawning and pledges to facilitate commercial transactions and maintain solvency; the practice of distraint as a means of coercion and debt recovery; the passage of burgesses’ moveable goods to their heirs; and the significance of clothing in public display. Precious metal objects featured prominently among the goods deployed to enable their owners to fulfil their obligations although the poor sometimes had to part with the most basic goods. For some in Aberdeen, the sixteenth century saw a rise in ownership of luxuries, including expensive clothes, although this may not have spread to ordinary people in town and country, and possession itself was, for some, insecure. Nonetheless it is clear that Scotland participated in the growing consumerism evident elsewhere in later medieval and Renaissance Europe.     

Disturbing geography: obsessive‐compulsive disorder as spatial practice

This paper explores the spatial practices of obsessive‐compulsive disorder (OCD). It begins by introducing the key elements of the disorder: obsessions and compulsions. It then concentrates on obsessions and compulsions relating to fears of bodily contamination. Such fears necessitate the formation of psycho‐social boundaries in ways that are similar to agoraphobia and other mental‐health problems. Avoiding bodily contamination also involves complex spatial orderings to prevent the illicit movement of contaminants. The vital importance, yet fragile nature, of these spatial formations means that negotiating social space and interactions can be immensely fearful, and the OCD sufferer may retreat to the relative safety of home. However, the domestic is a space of ambivalent safety. Everyday objects become saturated with fear, transforming the experience of ‘home’. Boundaries and spatial orderings are transgressed in the movement of people and objects. Thus, the OCD sufferer is driven to (re)order space constantly, and in doing so often uses everyday materials in inventive ways. We critique the depiction of OCD as irrational and excessive, and set the creative practices of OCD in relation to the ‘slippage’ of Michel de Certeau's distinction between spatial strategies of domination and the art of tactical living.     

PARKOUR: CREATING LOOSE SPACES?

Parkour is a spectacular and highly mediatized new way of movement that challenges conceptions of acceptable or appropriate behaviour in urban public space. This article will examine the potential of parkour to “loosen” urban spatial texture by applying recent thinking on loose and tight space by Karen A. Franck and Quentin Stevens to data gathered through in‐depth interviews with parkour practitioners (traceurs) in two Finnish cities. When practising in urban public spaces, the traceurs we interviewed often caused confusion among other people. We explore how they negotiate their right to public space in the face of these reactions, either by evasion or with a combination of legal and moral arguments. We argue that parkour is not only a playful and confrontational practice with a potentially subversive character, but that the process of loosening space constitutes a complex dialectic, which may also involve a certain degree of tightening in the public space for other unexpected or unintended activities.     

人文地理学空间思想的几次重大转折

理解空间思想的演变及其与人文地理学的关系具有重要意义。从思想史角度出发,可将人文地理学空间思想的演变划分为起、承、转、合四个阶段。康德从哲学角度第一次系统地界定地理学为专门的空间科学,抬升了地理学的学科地位。赫特纳-哈特向承袭康德的空间观,将空间科学的抽象规定与方志传统的实际历史结合,把地理学研究对象归约为区域。其后,人文地理学的空间思想出现了四次重大转向,分别是空间几何学、人文空间性、激进的空间、空间的生产;它们体现了人文地理学与数学、哲学和其它社会科学的紧密关联与交叉。20世纪80年代以来兴起的后现代空间思想某种程度上契合康德空间观,但在哲学理念和侧重点上存在很大差异。由于不同空间认识论都有其价值,价值大小也难以评估,所以人文地理学学科地位与身份问题的争论已趋于淡化,这提示了人文地理空间研究可采取多重面向。哲学和其他学科在为人文地理提供依据和工具,使得人文地理学身份陷入迷离的同时也为其增添了活力和魅力,这是人文地理学面临的最大机遇与挑战。     

从地理空间到复合式空间--信息网络影响下的城市空间

分析了城市在地理空间、网络空间上存在的相互依赖关系以及这二者之间复杂作用关系,说明网络空间并非地理上城市空间功能的简单延伸,也并非现实空间的简单镜像;信息社会的城市空间是一种地理空间与网络空间相互依存、相互交织的复合式空间。城市空间仍然具有重要的地理学意义,地缘上的差异以新的方式体现出来。     

论国家创新体系的空间结构

创新是一个地区发展的内在动力。国家创新体系可分解为内部创新系统、外部创新系统、外部支撑系统等子系统,其作用在于促进知识的有序流动。本文在研究了国家创新体系的基础上,提出创新体系的空间结构应分为两个层面:虚拟空间、地理实体空间。     

非主权空间的地理学研究

本文提出与国家主权空间相对的非主权空间概念。讨论了主权空间与非主权空间的现时界线。阐明了非主权空间的性质、阐述了非主权空间研究的意义,并且讨论了围绕人类主要问题的非主权空间地理学研究内容和课题。     

高层居住小区儿童游戏空间发展特征与更新方向

本文从探讨住宅高层化对儿童户外游戏空间影响入手,引入\"第一,第二,第三游戏空间\"的概念,对城市居住区游戏空间历史演变脉络进行考察。再通对游戏空间适宜度指标研究和应用,分析出以北京为代表的高层居住区户外游戏空间发展特征与问题。然后通过改造实例介绍以及东京、北京典型高层住宅小区户外游戏空间据点和行为轨迹对比研究,提出引入\"家地带\"改造理念和促进游戏空间资源多样化的设计手法,是更新与提升我国高层住宅小区外部空间游戏适宜度的两大方向。     

(Re)Producing and challenging gender in and through urban space: women bicyclists’ experiences in Chicago

This research, which uses an intersectional feminist methodological approach, explores the relationships and intersections among women, public urban space, and bicycling, and the gendered processes through which the use of space is claimed, negotiated, and constrained. It builds on the existing scholarship on the gendered nature of public space, and uniquely uses bicycling as the site of inquiry. Drawing primarily from interviews with women cyclists in Chicago, this article explores how gender and other social identities are constructed, challenged, and constituted through an interaction with public space, urban processes and structures, and societal expectations and attitudes. It brings to the forefront and centers these narratives and empirically contextualizes them by linking the scholarship on the gendered (and raced, classed, and sexualized) nature of public space with the scholarship on women’s participation rates and barriers to bicycling. This research examines, through the everyday lived experiences of bicyclists and their multiple subject positions and privileges, how the gendered nature of public space affects the participation and experiences of women cyclists; how public space is negotiated and constrained; and how gender can be both (re)produced and challenged in and through urban space via women bicyclists’ actions. In particular, the research findings explore how women bicyclists must demand and negotiate public space; how their movement and activities are constrained in public space; how gender roles and social reproduction issues intersect with bicycling; and how social, quasi-advocacy group bicycle rides are used as a strategy, with mixed results, to address barriers to women bicyclists’ mobility.     

1920年代以来国内外商业空间研究的回顾、比较和展望

主要采用文献研究、比较研究和动态研究方法,选取20世纪20年代以来国内外商业空间研究成果中的典型代表,通过时间纵断面上的梳理和空间横断面上的对比,总结出国内外商业空间研究包括商业空间结构和商业空间选择研究,依据研究时序和内容,划分了国内外商业空间研究阶段,得出国内外在研究范式、内容和成果等方面的异同。并对国内商业空间研究进行展望,提出商业空间对城市空间的影响、商业空间分异、商业郊区化和虚拟商业空间可以作为今后研究的重点领域。     

“非正常”的文化标签下“同志”社会空间的生产——以广州市X公园“同志渔场”为例

性少数群体对于城市空间的利用是城市研究中的新兴话题。这类研究主要探讨\"非主流\"的社会身份如何通过对特定的社会空间的利用,引发空间意义的生产及社会关系的建构。本文以广州市X公园的\"同志渔场\"为案例,研究男同性恋者对于城市公共空间的利用与体验。研究认为,X公园的\"同志渔场\"不仅给性少数群体提供了性身份暂时解放的空间,亦是其不断体验自身\"非正常\"的身份标签的空间。同志的空间实践体现的不是对于主流的社会规范的抵抗。相反,他们的空间实践是明显地处在\"非正常\"这一身份标签的作用之下的。     

区域服务业空间分层发展演变研究——以浙江省服务业发展为例

当前加强服务业空间布局演变研究,对于优化工业经济发展、促进经济转型具有较大指导意义。本文在总结其它学者关于服务业空间发展演变的基础上,以浙江省服务业发展情况为例,通过数据分析,阐述服务业的分类、内在发展演变机制等。总结得出浙江省服务业在三个层面的空间布局演变特征,一是在区域内与区域外,形成了区域服务业的引进、替代与走出去格局;二是区域内发达与欠发达地区,形成了区域内服务业的空间差异与优势互补发展格局;三是在城里与城外,形成了服务业在城区、城郊及与农村的分工格局。     

文物保护与修复用硅酸盐质材料应用研究进展

硅酸盐质材料是无机质文物中最重要的一类保护与修复材料,也是古建筑、古遗址保护与修复必不可少的一类材料,具有强度高、耐久性好、适应性强等特点,在可移动文物和不可移动文物的保护与修复方面获得了广泛应用。本文通过介绍六种常见天然、合成及复合硅酸盐质材料在文物保护与修复中的应用,详细讨论了硅酸盐质文物保护与修复材料的应用技术及应用案例,分析了相应的保护与修复技术实施效果,并对硅酸盐质文物保护与修复材料的发展前景进行了展望。     

Gender and Mahalle (Neighborhood) Space in Istanbul

Studies of gender have an important place in studies of Turkey because the discourses of Islamism and secularism, and modernity and tradition, make the bodies and practices of Turkish women the site of debate. However, few studies have used a spatial analysis to examine the production of gender in daily life. This article is simultaneously a study of how gender is produced through space and of the creation of various kinds of spaces in an Istanbul mahalle (neighborhood). The mahalle is the space of intimate daily life in the Turkish urban context, and narratives of and ways of life in the mahalle articulate competing notions of what it means to be a woman in Turkey. This study of gender and mahalle space reveals the linkages between space and gender to be multiple and shifting and the boundaries between private and public spaces to be fluid. Furthermore, this reading of gender and urban space, when brought back to the Turkish context, also contributes to research which interrogates the idea of modernity at the core of national identity in Turkey, of which gender is a central and constitutive element.