武汉博物馆文物保存环境研究

为全面了解武汉博物馆的文物保存环境现状,科学评价该馆文物库房环境达标试点工程的成效,总结实践经验,服务我国馆藏文物保存环境改善工作,采用相关检测设施和仪器分析手段,针对该馆的改造新文物库房、未改造老库房、文物储藏柜、包装囊盒、陈列展厅、文物展柜内的环境质量,检测了其中的温度、相对湿度、甲醛浓度、板材的木材含水率、可见光照度以及紫外辐照强度等指标,并对环境中的酸性气体和VOC浓度进行了采样分析。检测研究结果表明,武汉博物馆达标改造工程对库房温湿度和光照水平的控制成效明显,基本达到了文物保护要求;增添使用的文物储藏柜、包装囊盒、活性炭吸附材料等具有一定的微环境调控效果。由于装饰材料和橱柜材料等散发污染物的影响、恒温恒湿系统的间歇式运转模式、部分老库房和展厅采用无防护自然采光设计等原因,现文物保存环境中还存在主要污染气体浓度普遍偏高、湿度呈现短周期性波动、局部光照水平偏高等情况。对此,给出了一些建议。     

内蒙古博物院文物保存环境初步评估

为了建立比较完善的内蒙古博物院文物保存环境监测系统,全面提升文物预防性保护能力,对内蒙古博物院文物保存环境现状进行了评估。评估结果表明:监测点的文物保存环境基本满足文物保存的要求。建议对文物保存环境实施实时监控,实现不同文物对于温湿度的差异化要求,并采取措施降低库房内有害气体污染以及部分展柜中的光照度。     

博物馆应用热泵式溶液恒温恒湿空调机组新技术的初步浅析北大核心CSSCI

笔者通过对博物馆恒温恒湿的基本要求、热泵式溶液恒温恒湿空调机组的原理、特点以及实际应用情况等进行分析、比较,对博物馆应用热泵式溶液恒温恒湿空调机组新技术进行浅析。     

博物馆应用热泵式溶液恒温恒湿空调机组新技术的初步浅析

笔者通过对博物馆恒温恒湿的基本要求、热泵式溶液恒温恒湿空调机组的原理、特点以及实际应用情况等进行分析、比较,对博物馆应用热泵式溶液恒温恒湿空调机组新技术进行浅析。     

上海鲁迅纪念馆舒适性中央空调湿度控制的改造

当今博物馆纪念馆陈列展厅有大量的文物展示,需要有恒温恒湿的环境加以保护。而现今许多博物馆已有空调,温度达到恒温,但是湿度难以控制,分析原因是因为空调设备的选型是舒适性中央空调,而舒适性中央空调调节温湿度以人体舒适为标准,在有些客观条件下,不能有效地控制湿度。为了利用现有的设备达到恒湿的效果,可以根据现存的能力和条件将原有的空调系统加以改造,改造的方法是将新风进行初步的除湿处理,再通过原空调箱将新回风进行降温降湿处理,从而达到控制湿度目的。上海鲁迅纪念馆的空调系统通过改造后,基本能达到一定的温湿度要求。因此,本方法对于一些采用舒适性中央空调且在控制湿度变化上存在困难的博物馆纪念馆进行改造,具有借鉴意义。     

法门寺地宫出土唐代丝绸保存状况对比研究

为对比两种保存环境下法门寺丝绸的保存状况,对其织物和纤维样品进行了老化形貌观察和结晶度分析,结果显示常规恒温恒湿环境对法门寺丝绸的保存更有利,冰柜低温保存环境并不利于的蚕丝显微形貌和结晶度的劣化控制。自动温控装置调控的环境中温湿度的频繁波动可能是造成低温条件下纤维形貌和结晶度出现更多劣化的原因。     

浅谈博物馆文物库房温湿度环境控制

博物馆是保存珍贵文物的重要场所,而文物的保存对环境有着复杂而严格的要求。藏品在保存中易受到环境气候、空气污染、光线辐射、昆虫危害、微生物繁殖等环境因素的影响。科学研究文物藏品在文物库房中的保存环境可避免文物受到损坏,延长文物藏品的寿命。库房内温度和湿度的环境变化是影响文物保存最佳状态的主要因素。     

文物保存环境中温湿度评估方法研究

为了保护珍贵文物,防止或减缓文物的老化,需要监测、评估和控制文物保存环境的质量,其中温湿度是最基本的两个指标.文物保存环境对温湿度提出了“适宜”和“稳定”的要求.立足这两项要求,本研究对文物保存环境中长期温湿度的评估方法进行了探讨.在对常规温湿度评价方法比较的基础上,针对“适宜”性评估,提出了“温湿度合格率”和“温湿度分布图”的方法;针对“稳定”性评估,构建了“温湿度波动指数”评价方法.通过对某博物馆一展厅内8个月的温湿度数据评估,验证了该方法的有效性.     

首都博物馆馆藏纸本文献的研究与保护

首都博物馆保管部契约库内藏有契约文书共计2万余件(套),库房采用先进的恒湿不恒温的智能化空调系统,对不同质地的文物进行妥善保管。近年来,在馆领导的重视下,首都博物馆组织人力、物力对这批珍贵的纸本文献进行了保护、整理、研究、出版,已经取得了初步成果。     

馆藏文物预防性保护的实践与思考——以深圳博物馆为例

为改善馆藏文物保存环境,深圳博物馆通过实施馆藏文物预防性保护项目,在新馆建立环境无线监测系统平台,改造展厅、库房等文物保存大环境,调控专题展厅展柜微环境,配置多种专用文物囊匣,更换常设展厅部分不合格展柜,以及建立文物保存环境监控管理机制等措施,初步构建起馆藏文物预防性保护体系,使博物馆预防性保护能力和水平得到显著提升,有效缓解了环境因素对文物安全保存的影响。梳理和总结该项目的实施程序、机制、内容、措施及相关思考,有益于全面、持续推进馆藏文物预防性保护工作。     

Climate and energy security policies and measures: synergies and conflicts

Concerns about climate and energy security are leading to increased government intervention in the energy sector, in particular as they relate to the choice of energy supply options. While many of these options will improve both energy and climate security, many measures will benefit one while harming the other. This raises an important question for governments and energy planners: how can conflicts between climate and energy security be resolved? This article outlines some of the barriers and problems that may arise as governments and companies try to address climate and energy security concerns simultaneously in various energy supply areas. It concludes by arguing against choosing one objective over the other, and by outlining steps that can be taken to help resolve conflicts between the two agendas.     

我和我的兄弟姐妹

1938年．我出生在金沙江畔一个叫巴塘的小县城里。生在哪一天．至今不知道．因此．六十多年过去了．我从来也没有过过生日。     

Challenger and Chernobyl Lessons and Reflections

Abstract

It is argued that Psychological research on 'race' and 'ethnicity' issues presents a number of ethical problems. These relate to the sociopolitical impact of such research, particularly when it purports to find differences of an 'innate' character; to the use of naive subjects, particularly children, in research which is aimed at demonstrating their 'inferiority'; and, within the academic community itself, to the working relationships between researchers who believe in 'innate' 'race' differences and colleagues belonging to allegedly 'inferior' groups – this being particularly significant within a teaching environment. Although the 'race differences' question has a long and controversial history, ethical issues relating to the research process itself have received less focused attention. Moreover, replacement of the genetically obsolete concept of 'race' with the idea of 'ethnicity' does not solve the problem entirely, and the term 'ethnicity' is itself unsatisfactory in several respects.     

Power and Ethnicity History and Anthropology

This essay reflects on the relationship between anthropological and historical scholarship of ethnicity, picking up on themes explored by Andre Gingrich, by considering the epistemological and evidentiary limitations of social scientific and historical analysis and reconstruction. Beginning with the consideration of the pioneering transdisciplinary efforts of Robert Darnton and Clifford Geertz, it argues that many of the weaknesses ascribed to such efforts are actually part of the nature of social scientific investigation which, in the terms of Peter Winch, must take into account two sets of relationships: that of the relationship between the scientist and the phenomena that he or she observes and the symbolic system that he or she shares with other scientists, which can only be understood from the social context of common activity. How these two relationships challenge social scientific analysis of ethnicity are examined through a consideration of the difficulties of applying Anthony Smith's definition of an ethnie to either Fredrik Barth's classic essay on “Pathan Identity and its Maintenance” or Helmut Reimitz's study of Frankish identity. It concludes that neither anthropologists nor historians are simply describing societies as they are or as they were but rather attempt to describe societies as witnesses within them thought they should be, and we do this for our own society, not for those of the participants, past or present.     

Of Demons and Angels and Historical Humans: Some Events and Questions in Translation and Post-colonial Theory

In what follows, I attempt to show that a look at some curious examples of translations from European texts makes us think about issues in translation theory and post-colonial theory from a slightly different angle. The metaphor of translation can very well be employed for understanding the relation between European texts, and some texts and some social and political practices in India in the colonial period, and this in turn helps us look critically at what I shall call our fuzzy post-colonialism. I also argue that Walter Benjamin's metaphor of translation as the after-life of a work can be extended to posit two basic modes of after-life.     

后伊拉克时代与中国的内政外交--普遍主义与单边主义的冲突

"9·11"事件后,冷战后的国际政治格局发生了重大变化.其最大特征可以概括为以下两点:第一,确立了以唯一超级大国--美国为核心的以反恐为普遍主义的全球性安全阵线;第二,美国的爱国主义、民族主义戏剧性地高涨起来.就像当时有人强调因为全世界有60多个国家的人在世界贸易中心工作,所以对世贸中心的攻击就是对全世界的攻击那样,在美国国民中普遍存在着这样的观点:因为美国社会自身就是世界的缩影,所以星条旗也可被看作是超越一国国界的全人类的普遍象征.