The Urban “Cultural Nexus of Power”： Intellectual Elites in Shanghai and Beijing, 1900-1937

In the decades before the full-scale war with Japan in 1937, a robust series of institutions connected the bourgeois with intellectuals （which included professionals and journalists, as well as academics） in Shanghai. Collectively, these institutions can be understood as forming an urban ＂cultural nexus of power＂ that allowed non-state actors to effectively control aspects of Shanghai＇s political life. This bourgeois-intellectual alliance was not inevitable; no similar bonds existed between these same two groups in Beijing. It was forged in Shanghai due to the city＇s unique historical position as a Treaty Port and its dynamic economy, which included an extensive structure of private higher education and a market-based publishing industry. Unlike the rural ＂cultural nexus of power＂ originally described by Prasenjit Duara, this urban nexus grew stronger during the political and economic changes of the early twentieth century. War and revolution in the 1930s and 1940s, however, destroyed the connections between the bourgeoisie and the intellectuals, ending the vibrant urban environment they had created.     

Unprecedented Developments In Tibet

The visit of our delegation to Tibet was, indeed, an eye-opener. Ours was one of the first political delegations fromIndia to visit the Tibet autonomous region in many decades. The economic development that we could see in the capital city of Lhasa as well as in the other urban and rural areas clearly showed that compared to Nepal, Bhutan or other Indian Himalayan areas, the Tibet region is witness to unprecedented economic and other consequent social     

雪域高原多措并举阻击疫情

Since the COVID-19 outbreak in China,all-out measures have been taken to prevent and control the epidemic across the whole country.In this war without smoke,people from all walks of life in the Tibet Autonomous Region and the Tibetan-inhabited areas in Sichuan,Yunnan,Gansu and Qinghai provinces unite with one heart and make their own contributions to the fight against the epidemic.     

雪域高原多措并举阻击疫情（英文）

正Since the COVID-19 outbreak in China,all-out measures have been taken to prevent and control the epidemic across the whole country.In this war without smoke,people from all walks of life in the Tibet Autonomous Region and the Tibetan-inhabited areas in Sichuan,Yunnan,Gansu and Qinghai provinces unite with one heart and make their own contributions to the fight against the epidemic.     

Homeland In the Snowland

Modern Tibetans cherish a natural love for the great nature and this love turns out to be even deeper than their predecessors who lived and multiplied in this region for so many centuries.Lhalu Wetland: Oxygen BarThe residents of Lhasa take great pride in the Lhalu Wetland within the city. Skirted by Damn Road West, the wetland covers a total area of 6.2 square km, or 11.7 percent of the total area of     

Pioneers in Getting Rich

The reform and opening program, which has been going on in China ever since late 1978, paved the way for the poor in Tibet to escape from their poverty. The implementation of the western region development strategy now ushers in a new stage of development in Tibet. Cashing in on this opportunity, many in Xigaze have amassed enormous wealth.     

Abstracts

The Tangut Contracts of Selling and Hiring Livestock
Shi Jinbo （ p. 1 ）
The newly discovered Tangut contracts of selling livestock which provide many details of livestock trade prove to be very valuable on the research of the commerce, the agriculture and animal husbandry economy, and the civil life in the Tangut Kingdom. Having translated 20 nearly complete contracts of selling or hiring livestock written in cursive Tangut characters into Chinese, this article exhibits the form and content of these contracts. Based on the new data provided by these contracts, an exploration of the price of livestock in the Tangut Kingdom can be carried out. After analyzing the different features of exchange of grain and money for livestock in Khara Khoto and Wuwei, the paper considers the monetary economy in Wuwei region being more developed. The soaring price of livestock in the contracts at the end of the Tangut Kingdom describes a miserable scene of unrest and inflation on the background of the Mongol invasion.     

Public Park Entrance Tickets: Colorful and Valuable

In Tibet today, many scenic spots and places of historical interestare open to the public. This constitutes one of the major fruits of the ongoing reform and opening pro-gram. Tourism develops apace in the region, becom-ing one of the major pillar industriesfor local social and economic develop-ment.Tocope with this situa-tion, while improving tourist facili-ties and service quality, the region's tourist depart-ments have managed to attract tourists by developing souvenirs and sou-venir-likepr…     

Centenary Memorial of Pighting Against British invaders by Tibetan People in 1904

One hundred years ago,Tibetan people,under theadministration of local Tibetan government led byTudan Gyatso (thub-bstan rgya-mtsho),the 13 DalaiLama,ignored the disapproval of the government ofQing Dynasty,and went through a war which shat-tered the earth and made the devil cry to fight againstthe British imperialist invasion.This war was a greatevent in the modern history.One hundred years after,massive progress accompanying the groundbreakingchanges around the world has been achieved in thecivilization of human communities.The world is     

Lincoln,Toby.Urbanizing China in War and Peace: The Case of Wuxi County

Located between Shanghai and Nanjing on the shores of Lake Tai,Wuxi lies in the heart of China's prosperous Jiangnan region.Traveling in the region today,it can be difficult to discern where the "city" ends and the "countryside" begins,since the entire region seems urbanized.     

Aid Fuels Faster Socio-Economic Development

In the past 40 years since the founding of the Tibet Autonomous Region, the area has developed at an extraordinarily fast rate. All this has taken place with the strong support of the Central Government and various fraternal provinces and municipalities directly under the Central Government. Blind to the situation, however, the 14th Dalai Lama and his clique, last April,again dished up the so-called Intemational Development Project in Tibet and Guidelines for Sustainable Development (hereinafter referred to as the Guidelines). The proposal contains lies and distorted facts,negating the great achievements in the social and economic development in Tibet, openly attacking national aid to the region and rejecting the idea of the Tibetan people accepting the socialist system.     

沈正平教授(英文)

Shen Zhengping, professor at the College of Urban and Environmental Science, Xuzhou Normal University, obtained his PHD in Human Geography in Nanjing University. Currently, Professor Shen is the dean of college of urban and environmenfal science     

The Chang Tang Plateau: new evidence of historic migration

1.Introduction This paper will primarily focus on historical migrations to and within the Chang Tang (byang-thang) region of Tibet.Traditionally,‘Chang Tang’ refers to the enormous northern plateau of Tibet that covers more than 2.5 million km2 of land mass,more renowned globally for its wildlife than human settlements.In this article however,Chang Tang is geographically defined as Ngari (mngav-ris) and Western Nakchu (nagchu) Prefectures of Tibet.In popular imagination in the Asian region,including China,Chang Tang is conceived of as a wilderness with a sparse and recent human population.     

FACTS AND FIGURES ON ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT IN TIBET

From 1959 to 2000, Tibet witnessed fast economic development. For thousands ofyears, however, the region,rich in natural resources, was extremelypoor in this regard. This situation wentunchecked until 1951 when the regionwon peaceful liberation.The region's economy entered theperiod of sustained development afterthe CPC Central Committee and theCentral Government held the 3rdnational conference on work in Tibet. The output value of the grossdomestic product topped 10 billion Yuanto reach 1…     

陕西丹凤县巩家湾遗址发掘简报

The Gongjiawan site.about 1200m^2, locates at Chafang township of Danfeng county. According to the stratigraphical deposits and the characteristics of the cuhural relics,Gongjiawan site can be mainly divided into three phases. The first phase is Yangshao Culture. The second is early period of Longshan Culture,which is discovered in the uper reaches of Danjing River for the first time,the discovery fills an important gap in developing alignment of archaeological cultures in this region. The third belongs to the middle--late era of the Western Zhou,which is different from that of the corresponding period of Guanzhong district, while is closed to that of Chu culture of the corresponding period of Hubei Province. The discovery is important for us to explore the distribution of Chu culture and cultural relation between Western Zhou and Chu ,at that lime.     

Driving Along the Roads （Ⅲ）

On August 22, 2004, we took the cross-country vehicle of Dorje and traveled around the roads of the Shannan region, cradle of Tibetan culture. Our car ran like the wind of the bituminous macadam surface.The broadleaf poplar and elm forests beside the roads were restful to our eyes.These new forests might have been planted when I first entered Tibet about 10 years ago. At that time, the Agricultural Ministry and UN Food and Agriculture Organization jointly invested in Tibet for Project 3357. In 1992, phase one of this project was completed and each investor came on an examination and acceptance visit. We also took the opportunity to carry out interviews.     

西藏羌塘地区野生动物保护和利用的可持续机制(英文)

<正>Wildlife Resources in the Chang Tang Region"The Chang Tang"(byangthang)refers to the northern region of Tibet,where due to harsh climatic conditions and lack of roads the region has also been referred to as a"no man’s land."This land has become a paradise for wildlife,and shields them from human disturbance.The species living in the region have adapted to the harsh conditions through millennia of nature selection,and many species are endemic to Tibetan plateau.Ungulate species with large populations in the Chang Tang region include Tibetan wild ass(Kiang/rkyang),wild yak,Tibetan antelope,Tibetan argali,Tibetan gazelle and blue sheep.     

China's Tibet Readers and Friends Are Welcome to Visit Tibet

Many of our readers have been reading our magazine for years. But very few of them have been to Tibet.The landscape is number one in the world. It is highlighted by the Tibetan culture is unique.However, this is what is described in written language.What is Tibet really like? Is Tibet a region just as described by China's Tibet?We sincerely invite our readers and friends to visit in order to see Tibet with their own eyes and talk to our editors.     

Tonglha Zeweng： Master of the Garma GarzePainting School （1）

Garma Garze painting school is one of the three famous painting schools in the Tibetan-inhibited areas (along with Moinze and Qenze painting schools), and was formed in the 15th century. Major master painters of the school include Tonglha Zeweng, who is one of the most outstanding modem painters in the region.