For the afterlife： TIBETAN BELIEFS REGARDING LIFE AND DEATH

<正>Walking in Tibetan inhabited areas,you will often encounter a number of pilgrims prostrating themselves on the roads to holy places. When we see them on the ground-prostrating,touching their foreheads,clapping their hands-and hear the echoing sound produced by their wooden gloves...our hearts fill with emotion.Apart from Tibetans,there may not be any other group of people in the world who are so pious.The extreme religiosity of Tibetans is driven from the depth of their hearts to motivate them to take several months,even years,to prostrate themselves on long journeys in order to reach their much dreamed-of holy destinations.Observing their shining faces,we do not see their hardships or suffering or depression,but rather we see the brightness,strength,insight and wishes of their faith.Above all, there is strength,the power of faith!     

Uprisings,Migrations, and Ethnic Identity： A Study of the Kaxabu in the Taiwan Borderland during the Qing

The earliest written record of the term “Kaxabu” dates to the 1908 survey report by the Japanese scholar Ino Kanori. In his study of the Pazzehe tribe in central Taiwan, he wrote： “Kaxabu was the name given by the Pazzehe to Daiyao＇puru, a small division of its ethnic group.” During the Qing era, the Pazzehe was called the Anli group by Chinese speakers in Taiwan, while the Kaxabu were named Puzili she （the Puzili tribe）. Since the Kaxabu originated from the Pazzehe, thus in determining the time when the Kaxabu became distinct from the Pazzehe and in exploring the differences between them, we will also elucidate historical developments before the Japanese colonial era. Using Qing historical materials such as travelogues, expedition-records, newspapers, data from fieldwork, surveys, and interviews, this study traces the intervention of the Qing court into tribal relationships in central Taiwan, beginning with the Dajiaxi she Incident （1731-32）, it touches on the changing environment of the Kaxabu/ Puzili she in their migrations in order to shed light on the development of the two distinctive identities-the Kaxabu and Pazzehe/Anli group. The analysis also reveals the impact of uprisings and migrations upon the border area surrounding Qing Taiwan, as well as problems of ethnic identification and geography.     

The silk in Worm History,and JOHN E. HILL,Through the Jade Gate to Rome. A Study of the Silk Routes during the Later Han Dinasty 1^st to 2^nd Centurtes CE （Juan Pablo Sanchez Hemandez）

The Roman Empire and Han China are represented as the ＂twin powers＂ which reached their peak of extension and prosperity more or less at the same time. In fact, studies have recently noticed the numerous similarities between these two mighty empires at the opposite ends of Eurasia in their political, administrative and cultural circumstances and they have invited a comparative approach in modem scholarship~. However, at that time, distances were too great to permit these kinds of comparisons, and an incomplete （if not archetypical） view prevails in all Ancient writings, whenever they deal with such distant populations in the other half of the world.     

Female Builders of the Qinghai-Tibet Railway （Ⅱ）

Iinterviewed these most common and lovely women over a period of several days. They have sacrificed their love and friendship to the construction of the Qinghai-Tibet Railway, plunging themselves into building railways on the ancient permafrost.     

Square of the Potala Palace简

Since the end of the 19th Century, a little westerns sneaked into Tibet and then a real Tibet showed in front of the world through their sketches or photographs. In the early of the 20th Century, there were two photo studios in Lhasa by Nepalese. About in 1930s or 1940s one of Nepalese bosses got ill and dead. He was sent to the celestial burial stone of the Sera Monastery     

HAVING A NICE TIME AT A YOGURT SHOP

<正>When the sun disperses its brilliant rays over the Potala Palace on a nice day,the whole city of Lhasa takes on an air of warmth and harmony.In their ancient Tibetan robes idly turning their Mani wheels,elderly people either go for a walk on the Barkor Street or have a rest at a sweet tea shop.Tourists coming in from all over the world often like to     

From Tongbo Village to Widow Village—The Legacy of the Chinese Civil War

Located on Dongshan Island,off the coast of Fujian province,is a typical rural village called Tongbo.On May 10,1950,147 men were abducted by the KMT army on its way to Taiwan.Since a majority of the men were already married,overnight,their wives became "widows," and most would remain so for the rest of their lives.Consequently,Tongbo village became more widely known as Widow Village.The first objective of this paper is to document the tragic experiences of men and women in Tongbo village,focusing on these forced separations in 1950,the possibility of reunion after 1987,and the struggle to cope with the difficulties in between.The second objective of this paper is to argue that while heartbreaking,the experiences of this village are not extraordinary in the context of the Chinese Civil War.What made the men and women in Tongbo extraordinary is not their collective suffering,but how these villagers suffered less,not more,than in many other places,because of the actions of three key figures.     

Stepping into the Public World： Cases of Guixiu Philanthropic Activities in Late Qing China

This article explores the of certain elite women during late little-known public philanthropic activities Qing China. By examining contemporary newspapers, it traces the new development of women＇s philanthropic engagement and further analyzes two cases, one on disaster relief and the other on women＇s education, to illustrate the issues, controversies and achievements that went along with women＇s philanthropy. It demonstrates how philanthropy, a traditionally-sanctioned field for women＇s activism, legitimatized women to move out of domestic seclusion and reposition themselves in the public sphere in a crucial transitional era when for ＂good women＂ to appear in public was something hotly debated, and how through philanthropic opportunities some were able to engage with political affairs. The broad social impact of their initiatives suggests the continued importance of traditional elite women during China＇s transition to the modern era; it challenges some of our previous notions, which often unthinkingly accepted the verdict of ＂New Women＂ that those who did not embrace their path to modernity were parasitic, unproductive, and backward. By looking carefully at philanthropy, the article reveals fascinating issues and rich details of women＇s public activities that previous historical narratives have often overlooked. It helps to understand how reconfigured traditions became essential components of modernity in the development of modern Chinese gender roles. It also adds a gender perspective to the burgeoning historiography on Chinese philanthropy.     

BRINGING THE WISHES OF PEOPLE IN TIBET TO BEIJING——Record on Members of National Committee of CPPCC from TAR in the 5th Session of 12th CPPCC National Committee

<正>Spring has come once again,and as the flowers begin to bud,Beijing welcomes members of the National Committee of Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference(CPPCC)from the Tibet Autonomous Region(TAR)to participate in the 5th session of 12th CPPCC National Committee.These CPPCC members bring the proposals they have worked out based on their comprehensive investigations collected before their arrival in Beijing.The proposals are a compilation of the wishes and voices from the various different sectors of Tibet,and they aim to propel the initiative to develop the Tibet Autonomous     

Language,tradition, and the self in the generation of meaning

An analysis of Mark Bevir's account of the role of language and tradition on the one hand, and the individual on the other in the generation of ideas, and proposal of an alternative account It endorses Bevir's project of finding a middle way between individualism and collectivism, but finds that Bevir exaggerates the role of the individual. It argues that human selves always remains dependent on language even to articulate their own intentions to themselves. Whilst they have a capacity to create new linguistic expressions, this is always limited to the exploration of possibilities already latent in the language. However, no one is a mere recipient and conduit of a given language: everyone hands it on transformed by their unique appropriation of it. The antifoundationalist analyses of Wittgenstein, Newman Collingwood, and Neurath are invoked to argue that this state of affairs also applies to the individual's relation to the beliefs and values inherited traditionally: there is no possibility of a wholesale rejection of what is received; no individual can reject all received traditions, and erect an entire belief structure from scratch, but can only modify it on a piecemeal basis, so that received tradition always remains constitutive of the individual mind. It is also argued that human self-consciousness is always socially formed, and no person ever completely integrated, and stabilized. No one is ever therefore in a state of complete self-possession. One therefore must reject Bevir's claim that the historian of ideas must initially presume that individuals are sincere, conscious and rational in their expressed beliefs: ‘sincere’ self-consciousness is an ideal never fully achieved, and beliefs as to what constitutes ‘rationality’ are so varied that specific presumptions cannot be made.     

河南灵宝市西坡遗址墓地2005年发掘简报

西坡遗址位于河南省灵宝市阳平镇西坡村西北,坐落于铸鼎原南部,北距黄河约8公里,南距秦岭山脉北坡约4公里,东、西两侧分别为沙河的支流夫夫河与灵湖河,地势西南高、东北低,海拔456～475米,四周多为断     

南京西善桥明代长春真人刘渊然墓

2010年12月,南京市博物馆考古部在南京市雨花台区西善桥街道梅山村发掘了一座明代单室券顶砖墓,从出土墓志可知墓主为明代早期道教领袖长春真人刘渊然。墓室内出土铜炉、铜烛台、铜瓶、铜尖状器、漆碗、石地券及墓志等,其中墓志虽残存百余字,但对文献记载有所补正。此墓的发现对于研究明代墓葬制度、道教礼仪等具有重要的学术价值。     

河南舞阳贾湖遗址2001年春发掘简报

贾湖遗址 2 0世纪 80年代中期六次发掘的资料公布之后① ,引起学术界的广泛关注② 。但限于当时的发掘水平 ,发掘中忽略了不少有价值的信息 ,使有些方面的研究无法深入进行。同时 ,中国科技大学科技史与科技考古系为了使科技考古专业的学生受到田野考古的训练 ,并探索使田野考古与科技考古如何融为一体的途径 ,2 0 0 1年春 ,经国家文物局批准 ,中国科技大学科技史与科技考古系和河南省文物考古研究所合作 ,在舞阳县博物馆的配合下 ,对贾湖遗址进行了第七次发掘。 (图一 )发掘期间 ,邀请了中国社会科学院考古研究所、中国农业大学、中国科学…     

Race,slavery, and the expression of sexual violence in Louisa Picquet,the Octoroon

ABSTRACT

Historically, victims of sexual violence have rarely left written accounts of their abuse, so while sexual violence has long been associated with slavery in the United States, historians have few accounts from formerly enslaved people who experienced it first-hand. Through a close reading of the narrative of Louisa Picquet, a survivor of sexual violence in Georgia and Louisiana, this article reflects on the recovery of evidence of sexual violence under slavery through amanuensis-recorded testimony, the unintended evidence of survival within the violent archive of female slavery, and the expression of “race” as an authorial device through which to demonstrate the multigenerational nature of sexual victimhood.     

Effigy of a Knight of the Fifteenth Century,Dug up in the Churchyard at Minster,Isle of Sheppey,in 1833, and now Preserved in the Church There

Twenty years after the R.C.H.M. volume Shielings and Bastles drew attention to the survival of many bastles, thick-walled defensible upper-floor houses of the late sixteenth and early seventeenth centuries, characteristic of the Anglo-Scottish Border. Recent fieldwork in Northumberland has shown that bastles (the earliest vernacular house type to survive in any numbers within the county) also exist in considerable numbers in some areas slightly further afield, and notably in Allendale, to the south of the Tyne. Seven Allendale bastles or bastle-derivative houses are described in detail, and another twenty-seven listed in a gazetteer. The origins of bastles are discussed, and some possible medieval antecedents suggested; the fabric and morphology of the buildings are then considered, and various groupings—such as ‘extended bastles’ and groups around a common yard—examined. The continuance of the bastle tradition is seen in bastle-derivative houses of the later seventeenth century; the date at which conventional ground-floor houses were re-established varies from valley to valley.     

The Role of Geographers in the Study,Mapping, Economic Appraisal,Utilization, Conservation and Renewal of the Natural Resources of the USSR

The paper discusses, mainly from a programmatic point of view, the need for research into the relationships between climate and vegetation. Four lines of research are proposed: (1) the correlation between the distribution of vegetation and climate indices; (2) relationships between the distribution of vegetation and seasonal types of climate; (3) seasonal and annual changes in plant communities related to corresponding changes in the surface layer of the atmosphere and the soil and subsoil; (4) the exchange of matter and energy within an ecological system.