论分形与旅游景观

本文运用分形理论论述了旅游景观构成要素的自相似性质,指出人类旅游行为本质上是为了摄取地理信息,而分形体是有效的信息之源,能使游人产生负熵的感受(即美感)。历史的混沌过程与地貌的分形构造形成了非富的旅游资源。借助分形学原理,依据有序与无序对立统一的原则设计旅游景观,必将使旅游资源得以合理地开发和充分地利用。     

中国铜元收藏与研究的历史发展概况（上）

一、前言中国铜元诞生于1900年,到现在一百多年的历史。中间经历了清朝晚期、中华民国时期,极少数地方直到中华人民共和国成立之后仍有铸造和流通,其历史不可谓不长。近现代的中国铜元,反映了近现代的中国货币制度,而且实物存世丰富,可惜长期以来一直没有得到史学界的重视,近代史学界也只是从总体金融货币史的角度偶尔提到一些铜元铸造与发行情况,还往往犯以讹传讹、张冠李戴的错误。这不能不说是一种遗憾。本文试图通过梳理中国铜元收藏与研究的历史过程,并希望通过对前人成果的分析,找到某些对当代收藏与研究具有启发意义和参考价值的研究…     

中国铜元收藏与研究的历史发展概况（下）

五、衰落与延续(50-70年代的国内外情况)1949年新中国成立之后,因众所周知的原因,钱币研究事业冷淡下来了。唯一的成果就是50年代彭信威先生耗尽一生心血编著出版的《中国货币史》,其中谈到铜元的文字,不超过900字,约当全书百分之一的篇幅,然而作者强调了中国铜元的特性和特殊历史地位,认为铜元“在中国钱币史上成为一个独立的部门”。但这个设想,一直没有得到进一步的阐释和论述。此后整个钱币学的研究随着钱币收藏的衰落而衰落了。在中国钱币收藏与研究事业停步不前的六、七十年代里,世界各地对中国钱币的收藏与研究并没有中断。在50年代,…     

苏北地区可持续发展中的资源环境问题研究

通过苏北与苏南的对比分析、资源环境现状与开发利用潜力评价、以及资源环境与发展关系的定量分析评价,表明苏北资源有较大优势,开发利用潜力大,具有对区域发展的较强支撑能力;资源利用效率不高、承载能力下降过快,环境负荷过重,问题较多,已构成对区域可持续发展的约束与限制;区域发展中的经济增长速度不快,资源-环境-经济大系统不够协调。提出了资源环境系统调控与支撑能力建设的科学对策。     

SEISMIC DESIGN AND RESPONSE OF BARE AND MASONRY-INFILLED REINFORCED CONCRETE BUILDINGS. PART II: INFILLED STRUCTURES

The effects of masonry infills on the global seismic response of reinforced concrete structures is studied through numerical analyses. Response spectra of elastic SDOF frames with nonlinear infills show that, despite their apparent stiffening effect on the system, infills reduce spectral displacements and forces mainly through their high damping in the first large post-cracking excursion. Parametric analyses on a large variety of multi-storey infilled reinforced concrete structures show that, due to the hysteretic energy dissipation in the infills, if the infilling is uniform in all storeys, drifts and structural damage are dramatically reduced, without an increase in the seismic force demands. Soft-storey effects due to the absence of infills in the bottom storey are not so important for seismic motions at the design intensity, but may be very large at higher motion intensities, if the ultimate strength of the infills amounts to a large percentage of the building weight. The Eurocode 8 provisions for designing the weak storey elements against the effects of infill irregularity are found to be quite effective, in general, for the columns, but unnecessary and often counterproductive for the beams.     

HISTORY AND INCOMPLETENESS

Vera Schwarcz's Place and Memory in the Singing Crane Garden examines the moral, philosophical, and historical meanings of a garden built by a Manchu Chinese prince, subsequently destroyed by British imperialists, commandeered by Red Guard radicals, and finally transformed into the grounds of an art museum. Reading Singing Crane Garden in the context of Schwarcz's previous writings on Chinese intellectuals and Jewish traditions, as well as insights provided by critical philosophers and geographers, this essay explores the moral and ethical dimensions of locating history in specific "emplacements". The argument begins by examining the phenomenology of place articulated by Edward Casey, weaves through discussions of Chinese spatiality, embodiment, and garden aesthetics, and comments on Schwarcz's study of broken monuments and stele through comparisons with Classical Chinese writers and the contemporary American poet Louise Glück. Comparisons are made between the destruction of the garden by the British forces of James Elgin, the murder of the journalist Thomas Bowlby, and the purging, imprisonment, torture, and brutality against scholars and intellectuals by the Red Guards under Mao. The essay closes with commentaries on Schwarcz's reflections concerning continuing global atrocities, and new insights into the ways that understanding landscape architecture as a form of history can bring meaning to questions of memory, loss, and the desire to evoke unrecoverable experiences.     

MEDIEVAL COPPER ALLOY PRODUCTION AND WEST AFRICAN BRONZE ANALYSES - PART II

The first part of this work (Craddock 1985) critically examined the uses to which analyses of West African metalwork have been put and suggested other possible significance against the background of increased knowledge of the smelting technology and alloys used in Europe and the Middle East during the last 1500 years. The second part is devoted to the composition and metalworking techniques of some of the bronzes and brasses from Nigeria and the implications for their art history.     

1. CARL SCHMITT BETWEEN HISTORY AND MYTH

Carl Schmitt's work defines the history and theory of political myth. But analyzing it represents a challenge to historians and theorists alike. For many historians, Schmitt should be analyzed in his own context, whereas theorists study his writings without enough consideration of the specific context in which he conceived his texts. In this essay, I argue that Schmitt not only contributed to the fascist glorification of the mythical and its novel enactment as the driving force of fascism, but he also represents one of the most intriguing and influential interpreters of the political theory of myth, challenging in turn theories of democracy and the role of reason and secularism in historiography.     

AL MINA AND HISTORY

Summary. Woolley's finds at Al Mina and subsequent discoveries of Greek material along the Syro-Phoenician coast, are reassessed in the light of recent claims for Phoenician priority in the dissemination of orientalia in the Mediterranean world. The markedly different character of Al Mina and the goods likely to have been distributed from the area is demonstrated by comparison of the record of Al Mina and that of other eastern sites, and the pattern of distribution of orientalia. Reluctance to acknowledge the role of the site in Greece's orientalising revolution is examined.     

HISTORY AND ITS DEAD

Thomas Laqueur has brought together half a century of research on modern European mortuary culture into an impressive narrative of how the Christian churchyard was replaced by the modern cemetery, how interment was partly replaced by the technology of cremation, and how writing and preserving the names of the dead coincided with democratization and social reform. Beyond the grand narrative of the history of modern burial, he also shows how the modern culture of history and memory is intertwined with the transformation of mortuary practices. On a deeper level, he points toward new ways of conceptualizing the relation between the living and the dead, leading up toward, if not fully confronting, the challenge that propels his own endeavor, namely the existential‐ontological predicament of living after those who have been and the nature of spectrality.     

KAUP 2014: ARCHAEOLOGICAL EXCAVATIONS & RESEARCH HISTORY

The article is a report on field activities of 2014 at a renowned location of Kaup forest near Wiskiauten/Viskiautai, nowadays Kaliningrad oblast of Russia, and a sentimental journey through the research history in a region at the crossroads of ancient communication webs, and more recently – of diverse political agendas. Field activities focused on the so‐called Barrow 1, the only known mound at Kaup dated to the Neolithic, otherwise dotted with burials of the Viking Age. It was an attempt to reconstruct barrow architecture, which has resulted in a deconstruction of previous views based on rather scarce excavation reports of the 19^th – early 20^th century. The Neolithic barrow of Kaup remains a unique testimony of the social complexity and spatial awareness of the early 3rd millennium BC when Europe was under the spell of the Corded Ware and other related cultural phenomena.     

EXPERIENCE AND HISTORY: THE REACH AND LIMITS OF PHENOMENOLOGICAL APPROACHES TO HISTORY

Experience and History: Phenomenological Perspectives on the Historical World presents the summa of David Carr's phenomenological approach to history. I acknowledge the value of this perspective, but I find it doubtful that a phenomenological account can replace the paradigms of memory and representation against which Carr pits it. The concept of historicity is, rather, complementary in that it alerts us to the prethematic presence of history. Phenomenologically, Carr's attempt to tie history closely to experience runs into problems as it is based on a questionable use of Husserl's notion of retention and risks blurring the distinct temporality of history. At the same time, the central concepts of Carr's approach, both experience and narrative, could be deployed in further ways. As literary scholars have come to emphasize, narrative triggers experiences in its readers. Thus, even if it is impossible to recreate the experiences of historical protagonists, narrative lends itself to giving readers a sense of the experiential dimension of the past. In this sense, narrative is not only a medium of representation, but also a means of presence.