1450-1650年英格兰人口运动探析

1450-1650年是英格兰从封建主义向资本主义,从农业明向工业明过渡的重要时期。同时,在英格兰人口史上,该时期也具有重要意义。英格兰人口摆脱了14世纪中期以来一百多年不断下降的困境,从15世纪中期起到1650年一直呈持续增长状态。本试图对这个时期英格兰人口增长的基本状况和原因进行研究,并分析这个时期英格兰的人口增长对其社会经济产生的重要影响。     

1650～1850年伊克昭盟人口复原研究——以蒙古人为研究对象

清代伊克昭盟的人口数字,尤其是蒙古族的人口数字一直比较模糊。一是因为史书缺乏记载,二是民国以来相关研究太少。相关学者在涉及这一问题时或者避而不谈,或者仍沿用民国时期贺扬灵的估计数字。作者在做相关课题时也涉及到这一问题,并发现贺扬灵的人口估计方法值得商榷。本文以1650～1850年为研究时段,以蒙古人为研究对象,以讨论丁的性质和户均人口为切入点,运用现代人口学的研究方法并结合相关资料,对清代前中期伊克昭盟的蒙古族人口进行复原研究,得出的结论是:1650年人口为14万左右,1750年为17万多,1850年为21万多,达到人口高峰。     

Discipline: The codification of Quakerism as orthopraxy, 1650-1738

Quakerism emerged from the religious, social and political turmoil of the Interregnum when sects multiplied and many diverse individuals were joined in their criticism of the state church. What began as a loose network of Seekers, united largely in their opposition to Anglicanism, was organised and given a distinctive shape by several energetic visionaries and most notably George Fox, a Leicestershire artisan. From 1650, this pioneering group preached the Quaker gospel first across northern England and soon throughout the country and in Europe and America. They are interesting to us for a number of reasons but particularly because they manifest a unique paradox: whilst eschewing all creeds, Seventeenth-Century Quakers wrote voluminously in an attempt to shape their faith and, in particular, their practice. In this paper I will argue that early Friends circumvented the need to distinguish between orthodoxy and heterodoxy, through their emphasis on orthopraxy. Drawing on Bourdieu's work on codification and the habitus I will examine the complex development of Quaker Discipline precipitated as it was in and through Meetings for Church Affairs and the various writings of "public Friends"--a process of textualisation culminating in the first Book of Discipline of 1738.     

The Saxon Building-Stone Industry in Southern and Midland England

ODIHAM LODGE, in NE. Hampshire, was built by Edward III during the decade before his death in 1377. It is a rare example of a park lodge built for a medieval English monarch which has survived to the present day. As such, it contributes to our knowledge of the appearance and function of such lodges. Its interest is enhanced by secure tree-ring dates and by the survival of the original building accounts.     

Widows,ownership and political culture: Sweden 1650-1800

In this paper we will analyse and discuss the widow's political participation during the second half of the early modern period. We focus on political elections and what possibilities that laid open for peasant and burgher widows to exert their influence at the elections.¹ [Formula: See Text] We would like to thank Hanne Marie Johansen and others that participated in the workshop Enkefolk i skandinavisk historie …, Bergen in October 2003 and colleagues in the Department of Historical Studies, Umeå for valuable comments on earlier versions of this paper.