On the possible ritual marking of a young XVIIIth dynasty pig skull from Tell el‐Amarna,Middle Egypt

A young pig skull, excavated from an ancient Egyptian village near Tell el‐Amarna, Middle Egypt, presents a number of unusual features which are suggestive of ante‐mortem human intervention with subsequent localised infection of the bone. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

论古代埃及阿玛纳宗教

阿玛纳宗教是在十八王朝早中期独特的历史背景下形成的.阿玛纳宗教中的阿吞神是世界的创造者、万物的眷顾者、宇宙的统治者、具有真实生命力的活着的神,他自我创造,并通过国王埃赫纳吞和他的"教谕"以及太阳圆盘来完成对世间万物的启示.正是基于阿吞神的众多功能,阿玛纳宗教的一神教本质才得以显现,从而也为犹太教提供了一个仅仅认同一位神的实例.     

The Amarna Stone Village Survey and life on the urban periphery in New Kingdom Egypt

Abstract

Recent fieldwork at Amarna, the short-lived capital city of Egypt in the late 2nd millennium B.C., added a second area of peripheral settlement, the Stone Village, to the well-known Workmen’s Village, the subject of an intensive excavation campaign in the 1970s and 1980s. Both villages were evidently involved in tomb cutting and/or stone quarrying, but the Stone Village is smaller, conveys a particularly vernacular style of architecture, and seems to have had less state support than the Workmen’s Village. This paper describes the Stone Village as a source for the study of urban life in ancient Egypt. The two village sites offer a case study of the tensions that arose from controlling human populations in a border zone and from longestablished belief frameworks concerning desert landscapes and sacred space.     

The Number, Extent and Distribution of the Vitreous Materials Workshops at Amarna

Excavations at Amarna, the late 18th Dynasty capital of Akhenaten, undertaken at the end of the last century and early in this century, uncovered several parts of the city where major areas of habitation coincide with manufacturing sites. This paper presents the results of an in-depth study of the published reports and unpublished excavation day books for the 1200 individual houses so far registered at Amarna carried out by the author. This study led to the recognition of eight further high concentrations of manufacturing debris also thought to be areas of manufacturing activity for the production of vitreous materials. Comparison of these eight sites has shown how closely the manufacture of vitreous materials was associated and inter-related with other manufacturing industries, including pottery making, the working of precious metals and sculpture in stone and plaster for composite statues. In all of these sites the focus seems to be on the finished object, rather than the material being manipulated. The craftsmen therefore seem to be better described as 'jewellers', 'statue-makers' and 'vessel-makers' than 'glass-workers', 'stone sculptors' and 'precious-metal workers', having the skills needed in all the media to produce the finished object 'in house'.     

论阿玛尔纳时代埃及与米坦尼的关系

阿玛尔纳时代早期,埃及和米坦尼都积极发展两国关系,将两国友好关系推到顶峰.阿玛尔纳时代后期,埃及面对中东错综复杂的局势,做出了疏远米坦尼的外交决策,而米坦尼面对赫梯的威胁,力图保持与埃及的友好关系,为此进行了不懈的努力.埃及与米坦尼关系的恶化对中东政治格局产生了深远影响.     

The Material Culture Registry at Tell El-Hesi

Abstract

The Material Culture Registry described below is presently being used by the Joint Expedition to Tell el-Hesi to record all excavated material except ceramics. The Registry is designed to give those involved in the field analysis of material a maximum amount of information about the excavated context of any given sample and to return the results of analysis to excavators quickly and in good order. The system has been found useful both in developing excavation strategy and in preparing material for final publication.     

阿马尔那泥板书信中所见的古代近东大国外交方式

阿马尔那时代是近东历史上的和平外交时代，五大国支配着外交的走向和国际关系的格局。在大国外交中，存在3种外交方式，礼物交换、王室联姻和信息沟通，这3种外交方式构成了当时外交的主要形式，促进了和平外交的持续发展。     

Amarna and Uluburun: Reconsidering Patterns of Exchange in the Late Bronze Age

This paper sets out to combine the textual evidence from the Amarna letters with the archaeological evidence from the Uluburun shipwreck. The latter was most probably a Levantine vessel carrying an extraordinary quantity of commodities and prestige objects from Egypt and the Near East to a major palatial centre in the Aegean. Most of the scholarship has therefore taken the view that it represents an exchange of the same type as those described in the Amarna letters, and that the Aegean world should be inserted in the same system of diplomacy and gift exchange as the Near Eastern polities. What this scholarship has failed to acknowledge, however, is the fact that the Amarna letters do not contain a single mention of the Aegean. This paper, therefore, addresses this significant discrepancy between the textual and the archaeological evidence and argues that the texts and the shipwreck may be part of two different phenomena.     

让历史告知未来--评《漳州市志·漳台关系》卷

1999年12月,<漳州市志>出版发行.阅读<漳州市志>,令笔者印象最深的要属<漳台关系>卷,它使这部鸿篇巨著更能体现自己独特而又鲜明的个性.<漳台关系>卷位于全书5册中的第4册卷47,该卷分6章26节,计8.85万字,除了用一章记述对台工作的情况外,全卷用大量篇幅反映漳州与台湾之间在地理、历史、经济、文化、风俗、语言之间的渊源关系,展示了漳台之间地缘相近、血缘相关、文化相同、习俗相近、经济相关的密切关系,它不仅是漳台关系的历史记录,而且是一部台湾早期开发史.     

Report on the pottery from Tell Sufan in Nablus,Palestine

ABSTRACT

This research report aims to give detailed information on the pottery from the 1999 and 2013-16 excavation campaigns taking place at the Tell Sufan site in Nablus, Palestine. These were conducted by the Department of Antiquities at An-Najah National University (ANU) in Nablus. It is of note that this ancient pottery has never previously been the subject of research nor has any literature been published on it. Our methodology consists in: analysing the pottery by identifying it, typifying it, and giving it a function; providing chronological information on the site; comparison of the pottery with that from other sites in Palestine, using archaeological information from the site; and contextualising our findings with other historical and archaeological studies. Examination of the functional use of the pottery allows us to demonstrate human activity at the Tell Sufan site, giving information on the most prosperous phases of occupation in regard to economic aspects, through the late Bronze Age, Iron Age and Byzantine-Early Islamic periods.     

The Lost Loci of Tell El-'Ajjul: Petrie's Area C

Abstract

Flinders Petrie excavated the site of Tell el-'Ajjul in southern Palestine over five seasons between 1930 and 1938, with publication of his finds following swiftly on the heels of his fieldwork. These reports were only ever meant to be a preliminary investigation into the potential of this rich site, and often raised as many questions as they answered. This material is now the subject of the Petrie Palestinian Project, based at the Institute of Archaeology, University College London, which aims to re-evaluate Petrie's finds in the light of more recent research. In the course of this work a detailed study of Petrie's field practices has helped clarify a number of issues relating to this site, which remains of major importance to the Bronze Age archaeology of Southern Palestine. One of the more problematic of these issues has been chosen for discussion here: the location of Petrie's area C.     

Chronology during the Bronze Age in the archaeological site Tell Qubr Abu al-‘Atiq, Syria

Archaeosediments are deposits with a direct or indirect anthropogenic component. They provide useful information about past human activities and interaction with the environment. When other materials, such as pottery, are present in archaeosediment layers, the combination of TL ages from pottery and OSL ages from sediments can provide complete data about the occupation and evolution of an archaeological setting. In Mesopotamia, tells are mounds formed by the debris of human occupation and the accumulation of muddy sediments mainly due to the decomposition of mud bricks in ancient towns. Many other materials such as pottery fragments, bones and charcoal can be found in the sediment layers. The combination of OSL, TL and radiocarbon ages can be very useful in the case of the Bronze Age Period in Syria, allowing the occupation sequence of such archaeological sites to be reconstructed. Tell Qubr Abu al-’Atiq, is located on the left bank of the Middle Euphrates River (Syria). The archaeological artefacts found in the sediment layers (pottery) collected during excavations in two areas of the site, indicated the occupation of the tell during the Early and Late Bronze Age by typological pottery classification. The radiocarbon ages of charcoal indicate that human occupation fits the archaeological hypothesis, providing an older and maximum occupation period between 2800 and 2300 BC and a younger period between 1400 and 900 BC. OSL dating of sediments shows ages younger than charcoal, while TL ages of pottery are generally older than sediment and charcoal ages. This can be explained as the different materials correspond to different events. The charcoal and pottery correspond to occupation periods, while sediments correspond to the further destruction of the site.