The Moabite Pottery

Abstract

This paper is based on data gathered by the University of Sydnry Hauran Research Project. It attempts to demonstrate that the expansion and nature of the Middle Bronze Age settlement pattern identified in the Hauran resulted from interaction between communities whose lifestyle varied on the continuum between nomadism and sedentarism. By practising a variety of subsistence strategies, some made possible by the implementation of water management systems, these communities developed a small-scale settlement hierarchy, centred on key fortified sites or 'gateway communities', which allowed the local region to interact with the wider Middle Bronze Age world.     

河南南阳市八一路汉代画像石墓

2008年,对河南南阳市八一路一座画像石墓进行发掘。该墓为砖石混合砌筑,由墓道、墓门、前室和后室组成。前室两侧各有一耳室,后室为三室并列。画像石可辨画面的有33幅,图案有建鼓舞、应龙、白虎及执盾、拥彗人物等。墓内出土陶器、铜器和钱币等。该墓为王莽时期夫妇合葬墓,墓主应为地方官吏。     

山东滕州市染山西汉画像石墓

2008年,对山东滕州市染山汉墓进行发掘。该墓系在山坡开凿斜坡式墓道和长方形墓坑。在墓坑内用石材砌筑并排的5座椁室,椁室前部有前室和南、北侧室。出土遗物500余件,包括陶器、原始瓷器、玉器等。该墓的年代应为西汉中期,墓主应是郁郎侯刘骄。该墓的发掘为研究西汉葬制、葬俗、画像石艺术等提供了新资料。     

Writing on Stone; Writing on Paper: Myth,History and Memory in NW Amazonia

This paper deals with the relation between different kinds of indigenous speech and music and various iconographic forms such as petroglyphs, house painting, basketry designs and also features of landscape that are understood in graphic terms. It examines how Northwest Amazonian myth-history is structured and memorized, how it can appear in both verbal and non-verbal forms, and how contemporary books, maps and diagrams produced by indigenous organizations as part of programmes of research and education show continuity with these traditional forms. Rather than making firm distinctions between peoples with and without writing, I argue that it is more profitable to focus on how various mnemonic systems—“writing”—work in tandem with different narrative forms—“myth”. When “writing” and “myth” are understood in indigenous terms, contemporary written documents appear in a new light.     

画像石中的西王母

西王母是战国秦汉时期最受崇拜的神明,历史文献多有记载和描述。在两汉时期的画像石中,西王母也一直是至高无上的神仙世界的首领。西王母最早出场于半人半兽的怪异世界,后来变成一位仙药制造神,在其身边聚集了专门制造长生不老仙药的玉兔、蟾蜍以及采集原料或传播仙药的青鸟等等。两汉时期的人们崇拜和信仰西王母,主要是为了长生不老或起死回生。     

The Heele Stone

The cancioneiro (song-collection) of São João (St John) is one of the richest manifestations of Portuguese popular culture. In this article, we review the principal bibliography—song collections and studies—devoted to the saint in popular (both traditional and non-traditional) or pseudo-popular song. We examine the symbolic and ethnographic importance of São João in the collective imagery, taking into account the relationship between literary representation and the anthropological and cultural aspects of this festivity.     

The Middle Stone Age of West Turkana,Kenya

Abstract

Research on the origins of Homo sapiens and the development of our species’ unique behavior is focused on the Middle Stone Age (MSA) period in Africa (in comparison with the European Upper Palaeolithic). Although archaeological and paleontological fieldwork in the Turkana Basin in northwestern Kenya has contributed greatly to our understanding of human evolution in Africa, the Basin's MSA archaeological record remains poorly known. We report on a reconnaissance of MSA sites in West Turkana, Kenya, which included known archaeological/paleoanthropological localities at Eliye Springs and Kabua Waterhole (Kadokorinyang). A newly-discovered site, Nakechichok 1 (GdJh 5), preserves MSA tools stratified beneath Late Stone Age assemblages. The MSA lithic artifacts from Nakechichok 1 differ from those known from other MSA localities in nearby regions, and, they expand the known scope of MSA variability in the Turkana Basin, demonstrating that the MSA is not “missing” in this region, but just hard to find.     

The Analysis of Stone Tool Procurement, Production, and Maintenance

Researchers who analyze stone tools and their production debris have made significant progress in understanding the relationship between stone tools and human organizational strategies. Stone tools are understood to be morphologically dynamic throughout their use-lives; the ever-changing morphology of stone tools is intimately associated with the needs of tool users. It also has become apparent to researchers that interpretations of lithic analysis are more productive when the unique contexts and situations for which lithic artifacts were made, used, modified, and ultimately discarded are considered. This article reviews the recent literature on stone tool production with an emphasis on raw material procurement, manufacturing techniques, and tool maintenance processes as they relate to adaptive strategies of toolmakers and users.     

“偃师邢渠孝父画像石”研究

"偃师邢渠孝父画像石"是流失海外、现藏美国波士顿美术馆的一块东汉画像石。该石图文内容丰富、画像精美生动,从当朝民间孝行事迹的记述,到函谷关关楼建筑结构的绘制,皆是难得珍贵的史料。本文解读了画像石上五则孝行故事和关楼图像,对画像石镌刻年代、用途性质、装配位置、墓主身份、关楼及出行图与人物的关系、画像石的出土时间和地点作了初步探讨。     

关于淮北新出土石祠画像石的认识

通过对新出土的4块画像石形状、内容及雕刻技法的分析,认为它们应是东汉石祠画像石。并根据其形状、尺寸将它复原成单开间平顶房屋式建筑,填补了淮北市汉画像石祠的空白,并为认识同类画像石找到了实物依据。