The Double Movement of Immovable Property Rights in Papua New Guinea

ABSTRACT

Papua New Guinea (PNG) is one of many countries around the world where the relationship between customary land tenure and economic development has been hotly debated for a long time. A commonplace of the debate in PNG is that 97% of the nation's land is held under customary tenure, while only 3% has been alienated, and these proportions have not changed since the country became independent in 1975. This paper shows that the boundary between customary and alienated forms of land or immovable property was already showing signs of instability in the late colonial period, and this instability has been greatly magnified in the post-colonial period. The areas of land subject to some form of partial alienation have increased along with the ways and means by which immovable property has been ‘mobilised’, while a variety of customary claims to previously alienated areas have grown stronger over the same period. Although Karl Polanyi's idea of a ‘double movement’ can throw some light on this phenomenon, the PNG case also reveals a new side to the application of this concept.     

寻找不可移动文化遗产保护规划的法律地位

由于保护规划是不可移动文化遗产保护中关键性的技术文件,因此寻找它的法律地位至关重要。理想途径是建立对保护规划给予足够关注的文物保护法律体系。规划管理领域控制性详细规划法律地位的实现对此也有帮助。在现有的情况下,设法将保护规划中关键性的部分深入到总体规划阶段;对保护规划自身进行调整使其适合作为法律文件;以及重点项目单独立法等,都是使保护规划获得法律地位可以采用的途径。     

不可移动文物保存环境研究——以千手观音造像环境监测与维护方案为例

为充分了解环境因素对千手观音造像受损的影响,准确科学评估千手观音造像损害破坏的机制,2008年8月至2012年12月间对千手观音造像所在的微环境进行了气象和环境空气质量监测,检测了大气颗粒物、雨水、雾水和凝结水成分,同时对脱落的金箔进行破坏机理分析.研究结果表明,千手观音造像所在环境的相对湿度较高、且大气颗粒物污染严重;颗粒物呈酸性,含有较高浓度的硫酸根和硝酸根;造像表面的凝结水中除含有高浓度的硫酸根和硝酸根外,还含有高浓度氯离子,且酸性较高,对千手观音造像存在潜在的破坏作用.本文在此基础上提出了千手观音维护方案,为不可移动文物的保护工作提供参考.     

特殊语境下不可移动文物在博物馆陈列中的运用 ——以徐州博物馆为例

搬迁保存的考古遗迹是一类特殊的不可移动文物,因学科研究和社会发展需求,在当前考古发掘和博物馆陈列工作中都受到相当的关注和重视.这一类文物具有特殊性、典型性和原真性等特点,在各地博物馆陈列中广为运用,其在博物馆陈列中通常采用复原陈列的方法,策展过程中需要解决好展陈体系的融合、展陈空间的利用、展览内容的解读等问题.     

The East Anglian chronicle

Abraham's sacrifice. Very early on, this Biblical theme became the subject of a number of representations who did not vary much, having a rich and precocious theology as their base: the sacrifice of Isaac prefiguring that of Christ on the Cross. The anecdotal development is one of the major variants. The dramatization of the scene in miniatures, especially noticeable from the 13th century onward, enriched the stylistic effects. The social changes that took place in medieval western Europe in the 15th and 16th centuries (the place of children, attitudes to death...) provoked a final evolution. The previous embellishments were reorganized to take into account the preoccupations of the day.     

Legal Literacy and Immovable Property: Laws,Norms and Practices in Colombia

An equitable gender distribution of property ownership may be enhanced or limited by family law, individual knowledge of the law, and social norms. South America's laws of equal inheritance by sex and birth order and equal distribution of property upon divorce provide the basis of a gender‐equitable distribution of property ownership. This report of a qualitative case study exploring the gendered knowledge of immovable property laws and the practice of patterns of property ownership in central Colombia provides insights into the gap between law and practice caused by lack of information, social norms, gendered access to legal titles, a complex legal system and high transaction costs. It argues for greater attention to titling, legal procedures, legal education and legal advice to secure effective immovable property ownership for women.     

我国私人不可移动文物所有权限制与补偿研究

私人不可移动文物所有权应受到内在的合理限制。《中华人民共和国文物保护法》对私人不可移动文物所有权限制过度,所有权人为文物保护作出了特别牺牲,应该获得政府补偿,而《中华人民共和国宪法》和《中华人民共和国文物保护法》对财产权限制补偿及私人文物所有权限制补偿均缺乏规定。为调动文物所有权人参与文物保护的积极性,上述两法应在修订时融入所有权限制补偿的内容。     

The Future In The Far East

Nationalism and Communism in East Asia, by W. Macmahon Ball (Melbourne University Press, 1952. 25s.).     

The Superpowers in the Middle East

RAMI GINAT. The Soviet Union and Egypt, 1945–1955. London: Frank Cass, dist. Portland, OR: ISBS, 1993. Pp. xii, 268. $45.00 (US);

ABRAHAM BEN-ZVL The United States and Israel: The Limits of the Special Relationship. New York: Columbia University Press, 1993. Pp. xi, 312. $35.00 (US).     

The Pastoral Neolithic of East Africa

In East Africa, as in many other regions, the initial shift from hunting and gathering to food production was a secondary process involving the introduction of species domesticated elsewhere. Specifically, the East African Neolithic, or Pastoral Neolithic, centered on herding livestock, some of which may have been domesticated in the Sahara and all of which were almost certainly imported from areas to the north. The development of the Pastoral Neolithic was lengthy and complex, having begun before 4000 B.P. and lasted until about 1300 B.P. Although detailed information on this segment of African prehistory is not abundant, data so far available reveal a succession of cultural transformations within the Pastoral Neolithic, such that it can be divided into early, evolved, and late stages, each exhibiting distinctive combinations of ceramic wares, lithic industries, and subsistence regimes. The transformations seem to have been fostered by both environmental change and population movements.     

变动中的东亚地缘政治与美国东亚政策的演变

近年来,伴随着中国的快速发展和东亚地缘政治格局的变化,美国加快了向东亚转移战略力量的步伐,这一动向值得中国关注。本文通过对近代以来东亚地缘政治格局的变化进行分析,系统梳理了美国东亚政策的来龙去脉及其主线,并对美国东亚政策的未来走向进行了预研。