20世纪早期美国文化人类学家对麦克尼尔的影响

威廉·哈迪·麦克尼尔是享誉全球的世界史学家。他的《西方的兴起》以文明为单位,把文明之间的交往互动看作社会进步的主要动力,开辟了世界史写作的新视角。麦克尼尔世界史思想的形成受益于20世纪早期美国人类学的研究成果,本文介绍了影响麦克尼尔的人类学家及其思想,探讨麦克尼尔如何将人类学研究成果整合到世界史撰写中,并找到了解释世界史的新方法。     

James McNeill Whistler in Chile: Portrait of the Artist as Arms Dealer

The colorful and controversial life of American artist James Abbott McNeill Whistler took many twists and turns. One of the most dramatic and least explicable of the turns came in 1866, when he traveled to Valparaiso, Chile. Generations of Whistler biographers have been puzzled by the reasons for this sojourn, but a recently discovered collection of documents provides significant clues for solving the mystery. Whistler, it seems, had become involved in a scheme to provide weapons to the Chilean navy in a war against Spain. The scheme turned into a fiasco, dashing Whistler’s hopes of handsome financial profits, but his weeks in South America significantly shaped his development as an artist.     

Review Article: Toynbee,McNeill, and the Myth of History

WILLIAM H. MCNEILL. Arnold J. Toynbee: A Life. New York: Oxford University Press, 1989. Pp. viii, 346. $24.95 (US); Reviewed by Gordon Martel

C.T. MCINTIRE and MARVIN PERRY, eds. Toynbee: Reappraisals. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1989. Pp. viii, 254. $40.00 (CAN). Reviewed by Gordon Martel     

评麦克尼尔的《西方的兴起》

一美国历史学家威廉·麦克尼尔 ① 所著《西方的兴起———人类共同体史》② 是一部在西方史学界影响巨大 ,并具有承先启后作用的“整体世界史”(ｗｏｒｌｄｈｉｓｔｏｒｙ)著作。可以称之为“世界史”的著作有数种。一是在统一的体例下 ,由多位专家合作编撰的国别史、地区史与断代史的多卷本总集 ,如《剑桥世界史》系列、苏联科学院主编的《世界通史》等。也有一些是简明概要的世界史读物或教科书。另一类则是由对世界整体历史有独到研究思考的学者 ,在对世界史各领域研究学术成果的基础上所撰写的体现了那个时代重要的思想、学派的世界历…     

Reviews

Book reviewed in this article:
The funerary boats of Khufu. A bdel M oneim A bubakr & A hmed Y oussef M ustafa
Schiffsmodelle in Alten Ägypten. A rvid G ottlicher & W alter W erner
Three major ancient boat finds in Britain. H. H azelhoff R oelfzema
Britain and the western seaways. E. G. B owen
Clenched lap or clinker. E ric M c K ee
Gunpowder and galleys. Changing technology and Mediterranean warfare at sea in the sixteenth century. J ohn F rancis G uilmartin , J r
The sloops of the Hudson. W illiam E. V eerplanck & M oses W. C ollyer
History of New York shipyards. J ohn H. M orrison
Windjammers of the Horn. A. G. C ourse
The Lusitania case Collected by C. L. D roste . W. H. T atum IV (Ed.)
America's lighthouses: their illustrated history since 1716. F rancis R oss H olland , J r
A history of lighthouses. P atrick B eaver
Marine archaeology. D. J. B lackman (Ed.)
The conservation of antiquities and works of art Treatment, repair and restoration. H. J. P lenderleith & A. E. A. W erner     

BOOKS IN SUMMARY

Books reviewed in this issue.
R. G. C ollingwood : T he P hilosophy of E nchantment : S tudies in the F olktale , C ultural C riticism, and A nthropology . Edited by David Boucher, Wendy James, and Philip Smallwood.
T he M odern H istoriography R eader : W estern S ources . Edited by Adam Budd.
T he C ultural T urn in U.S. H istory : P ast , P resent, and F uture . Edited by James W. Cook, Lawrence B. Glickman, and Michael O'Malley.
L iterary H istoricity : L iterature and H istorical E xperience in E ighteenth -C entury B ritain . By Ruth Mack.
H istory , H istorians, and A utobiography . By Jeremy D. Popkin.
R icoeur el ' esperienza storica : L' ermeneutica filosofica nella tradizione delle A nnales . By Luca M. Possati.
R ecent T hemes on H istorians and the P ublic : H istorians in C onversation . Edited by Donald A. Yerxa.
R ecent T hemes in W orld H istory and the H istory of the W est : H istorians in C onversation . Edited by Donald A. Yerxa.     

THE TRANSNATIONALIZATION OF GENDER HISTORY

W omen's H istory in G lobal P erspective , Volume 1. Edited by Bonnie G. Smith.
B odies in C ontact: R ethinking C olonial E ncounters in W orld H istory. Edited by Antoinette Burton and Tony Ballantyne.     

Minutes of Meetings.

EUROPEAN FOLKLORE IN AMERICA. By REIDAR TH. CHRISTIANSEN Universitetsforlaget. Oslo, Scandinavian University Books, 1962. Reviewed by Amabel Williams-Ellis.

RAIN IN INDIAN LIFE AND LORE. Edited by SANKAR SEN GUPTA. Foreworded (sic) by Nirmal Kumar Bose. Calcutta, Indian Publications, 1963. Reviewed by J. H. Hutton.

THE WHITE GOD OF THE AZTECS. By WILLIAM A. BERG. Pp. 412. Boston, Bruce Humphries, 1961. Reviewed by C. A. Burland.

ANTHROPOLOGY TODAY. Selections edited by SOL TAX from the ‘encyclopedic inventory’ prepared under the Chairmanship of A. L. KROEBER. Phoenix Books, 1963. 21s. net. Reviewed by C. A. Burland.

Tire REALM OF GHOSTS. By ERIC MAPLE. Robert Hale, 21s. Reviewed by Geoffrey Palmer.

THE FOLKTALES OF ISRAEL. Edited by Dov NOY with the assistance of DAN BEN-AMOS. Translated by GENE BAHARAV: Folktales of the World, General Editor Richard M. Dorson. University of Chicago Press. Reviewed by K. M. Briggs.

ANCIENT FESTIVALS OF ‘SATURNALIA’ TYPE. By PHOTEINE P. BOURBOULIS. Thessaloniki, 1963. Pp. 60. n.p. Reviewed by E. O. James.

WITCHCRAFT: EUROPEAN AND AFRICAN. By GEOFFREY PARRINDER. Faber and Faber, 1963. 25s. Reviewed by A. W. Smith.

‘SCHLÄGE’ ALS STRAFE. Ein Bestandteil der heutigen Familiensitte in volkskundlicher Sicht. By WÄLTER HAVERNICK. Hamburg, Museum für Hamburgische Geschichte, 1964. Pp. 164; 12 diagrams and 43 illustrations. Reviewed by Ellen Ettlinger.

DIE ÖSTERREICHISCHEN SCHÜTZENGILDEN UND IHRE FESTE. 1500–1750. Studien zu ihrer Geschichte. By H. GOJA. Vienna, Verlag Notring der wissenschaftlichen Verbände Österreichs, 1963. Pp. 150; 2 plates. Reviewed by Ellen Ettlinger.

ZAUBERPFLANZEN UND HEXENTRÄNKE. BRAUCHTUM UND ABERGLAUBE. By H. MARZELL. Kosmos-Bibliothek, Vol. 241. Stuttgart, Francksche Verlagshandlung, 1963. Pp. 88; 25 text illustrations, 8 plates. Reviewed by Ellen Ettlinger.

CLARE PRIORY (SEVEN CENTURIES OF A SUFFOLK HOUSE). By K. W. BARNARDISTON. Cambridge, W. Heffer, 1962. 21s. Reviewed by A. A. Waugh.

THE TRADITIONAL TUNES OF THE CHILD BALLADS. With their Texts According to the Extant Records of Great Britain and America. Volume II. By BERNARD HARRIS BRONSON. Princeton University Press, 1962. Reviewed by K. M. Briggs.

ROUND THE WORLD FAIRY TALES. Re-told by AMABEL WILLIAMS-ELLIS. Illustrated by William Stobbs. Blackie. 25s. Reviewed by K. M. Briggs.

FOLK LIFE COLLECTION AND CLASSIFICATION. By J. W. Y. HIGGS, M.A.: Published by the Museums Association, 1963. Pp. 58. 7s. Reviewed by R. U. Sayce.

THE SECRET HISTORY OF THE MONGOLS AND OTHER PIECES. By ARTHUR WALEY. George Allen &; Unwin Ltd. Pp. 320. 32s. Reviewed by W. H. Hudspeth.

MORE TALES FROM THE FENS. By W. H. BARRETT. Edited by ENID PORTER. Routledge and Kegan Paul, 1964. 25s. Reviewed by Carmen Blacker.

ATLAS DER DEUTSCHEN VOLKSKUNDE, NEUE FOLGE. Erläuterungen zur 2. Lieferung. Edited by M. ZENDER. Marburg, N. G. Elwert, 1963, Pp. 233–528; 6 illustrations, 31 text maps. Maps: NF 13–24. Reviewed by Ellen Ettlinger.

OESTERREICHISCHER VOLKSKUNDEATLAS. Edited by E. BURGSTALLER and A. HELBOK. 1st issue. Linz, 1959. 13 maps; comments, pp. 95, index of places, pp. 125. Reviewed by Ellen Ettlinger.

WITCHES. Investigating an Ancient Religion. By T. C. LETHBRIDGE. Routledge and Kegan Paul, 1962. 21s. Reviewed by A. W. Smith.     

IV. LITERATURE REVIEW

Book Reviewed in this article:
Henry W. Riechen and Robert F. Boruch, eds., Social Experimentation: A Method for Planning and Evaluating Social Intervention
John M. Johnson, Doing Field Research
Peter H. Rossi and Walter Williams, eds., Evaluating Social Programs; Theory, Practice, and Politics
Richard Rose, ed., The Management of Urban Change in Britain and Germany
John P. Ross and Jesse Burkhead, Productivity in the Local Government Sector
Richard D. Gustely, Municipal Public Employment and Public Expenditure
Lawrence M. Friedman, The Legal System: A Social Science Perspective
Isaac D. Balbus, The Dialectics of Legal Repression
Raoul Naroll, Vern L. Bullough, and Frada Naroll, Military Deterrence in History; A Pilot Cross-Historical Survey
Charles O. Jones, Clean Air: The Policies and Politics of Pollution Control
Daniel Quinn Mills, Government, Labor, and Inflation
Ithiel de Sola Pool, Wilbur Schramm, Frederick W. Frey, Nathan Maccoby, and Edwin B. Parker, eds., Handbook of Communication     

Reviews

C. H. W illiams :William Tyndale, Leaders of Religion series.
R. E. W itt :Isis in the Graeco-Roman World (Aspects of Greek and Roman Life).
G. W. H. L ampe (ed.): The Cambridge History of the Bible, Volume Two, from the Fathers to the Reformation.
B arry W. OD wyer :The Conspiracy of Mellifont, 1216-1231.
J ames A tkinson :The Trial of Luther.
C. F. A llison : The Rise of Moralism: The Proclamation of the Gospel from Hooker to Baxter.
J. H. M. S almon : Cardinal de Retz. The Anatomy of a Conspirator.
G eoffrey S erle :The Rush to be Rich: A History of the Colony of Victoria 1883-1889.
W illiam J. S amarin : Tongues of Men and Angels.     

REVIEWS

Book reviewed in this article:
Physiography of the United States, by C harles B. H unt , W. H. Freeman
Traffic in a New Zealand City, edited by W. B. Johnston, Christchurch Regional Planning Authority
Man'S Influence on the Vegetation of Barbados, 1627 to 1800, by D. Watts
Japanese Geography 1966: Its Recent Trends, Special Publication no. 1     

Initiation.

SCHOTTISCHE SAGEN. Europäische Sagen V. By CHRISTIANE AGRICOLA, Berlin, Erich Schmidt Verlag, 1967. Pp. 325. Reviewed by W. F. H. Nicolaisen.

SYLTER SAGEN. In der ursprünglichen Fassung nach C. P. Hansen u. a. Edited by WILLY KROGMANN. Denkmäler deutscher Volksdichtung, Vol. 7, edited by Will-Erich Peuckert. Göttingen, Verlag Otto Schwartz &; Co., 1966. Pp. vi, 66. With 6 drawings by C. P. Hansen. Reviewed by Ellen Ettlinger.

KOSMAS UND DAMIAN. Kultausbreitung und Volksdevotion. By ANNELIESE WITTMANN. With introduction by Mathilde Hain. Berlin Erich Schmidt Verlag, 1967. Pp. 344; 45 plates and text ills. Reviewed by Ellen Ettlinger.

VERGIL: EPIC AND ANTHROPOLOGY. By W. F. JACKSON KNIGHT. George Allen and Unwin, 1967. Pp. 320. 55s. net. Reviewed by E. O. James.

THE JUDGMENT OF THE DEAD. An Historical and Comparative Study of the Idea of a Post-mortem Judgment in the Major Religions. By S. G. F. BRANDON. Weidenfeld and Nicolson. 1967. Pp. 300. 50s. net. Reviewed by E. O. James.

THE DOMAIN OF DEMONS. By ERIC MAPLE. Robert Hale, London, 1966. Pp. 192; plates. 25s. Reviewed by Theo Brown.

TYPE AND MOTIF INDEX OF THE FOLKTALES OF ENGLAND AND NORTH AMERICA. By ERNEST W. BAUGHMAN. Reviewed by K. M. Briggs.

DOG. By PATRICIA DALE-GREEN. Rupert Hart-Davies Ltd., 1966. 63s. Reviewed by H. R. Ellis Davidson.

JAHRBUCH FÜR OSTDEUTSCHE VOLKSKUNDE. Vol. 10. Edited by E. RIEMANN. Marburg N. G. Elwert Verlag, 1967. Pp. 200; 21 ills. Reviewed by Ellen Ettlinger.

FENLAND CHRONICLE. By SIBYL MARSHALL. Drawings by Ewart Oakeshott. Cambridge University Press, 1967. Pp. vii and 280. 45s. Reviewed by Theo Brown.     

Notes and Queries on Totemism.

The Tribal System in Wales, being part of an Inquiry into the Structure and Methods of Tribal Society. By Frederic Seebohm, L. L. D., F. S. A. London: Longmans, Green &; Co., 1895 By Laurence Gomme.

Egyptian Tales Translated from the Papyri. Second Series, XVIIIth to XIXth Dynasty. Edited by W. M. Flinders Petrie, Hon. D. C. L., LL. D. London: Methuen &; Co., 1895

Kilns, Mills, Millers, Meal, and Bread. By the Rev. Walter Gregor, M. A., LL. D. London: David Nutt, 1894.

Legends of Florence Collected from the People, and retold by C. G. Leland. First Series. D. Nutt, 1895. By W. H. D. R.     

REVIEWS

Book reviewed in this article: Walton, D. W. H. (ed.) Antarctic Science, Cambridge University Press Smith, D. I. and Handmer, J. W. (eds) Flood Warning in Australia: policies Sewell, W. R. D., Handmer, J. W. and Smith, D. I. Water Planning in Australia: From Myths to Reality The Industrial Geography of Australia, Methuen, North Ryde     

Reviews / Comptes rendus

Book reviewed in this article:
The Best Poor Man's Country; a Geographical Study of Early Southeastern Pennsylvania, by J ames T. L emon
Canada: A Geographical Perspective, by L ouis -E dmond H amelin , translated by M. C. S torrie , and C. I. J ackson
The Cultural Geography of the United States, by W ilbur Z elinsky
The Mound Builders, Agricultural Practices, Environment and Society in the Central Highlands of New Guinea by E ric W addell
Geography of Transportation, by E. J. T aaffe and H. L. G authier
Freight Flows and Spatial Aspects of the British Economy, by M. C hisholm and P. O'S ullivan
Glacial and Fluvioglacial Landforms, by R. J. P rice
Weather Forecasting for Agriculture and Industry, edited by J. A. Taylor
Air Pollution and Lichens, edited by B. W. F erry , M. S. B addeley , and D. L. H awksworth     

A Study of the Folklore on the Coast of Connacht,Ireland.

CHIUS VINCTA OR THE OCCUPATION OF CHIOS BY THE TURKS (1566) AND THEIR ADMINISTRATION OF THE ISLAND (1566–1912). DESCRIBED IN CONTEMPORARY DIPLOMATIC REPORTS AND OFFICIAL DISPATCHES. Edited by PHILIP P. ARGENTI, with a preface by SIR STEPHEN GASELEE. Pp. cclxxxii + 264. Cambridge University Press. 25s. Reviewed by J. H. Hutton.

A JERSEYMAN AT OXFORD. By R. R. MARETT. Pp. xi+346. Oxford University Press (Humphrey Milford). 15s. Reviewed by J. H. H.

THE LAND OF THE RAINBOW, POLAND AND HER PEOPLE. By VIOLET MASON. Pp. 322. Minerva, London. 1941. Reviewed by J. H. H.

IT HAPPENED IN HAMPSHIRE. Items of interest compiled and arranged by W. G. BEDDINGTON and E. B. CHRISTY. 8vo. 8½x5? in. Pp. 24. Price is. Published by The Hampshire Federation of Women's Institutes, 66a High Street, Winchester. Reviewed by P. J. Heather     

REVIEWS

Book reviewed in this article: An Appreciation of Difference: W.E.H Stanner and Aboriginal Australia. Edited by Melinda Hinkson and Jeremy Beckett . The Dreaming & Other Essays By W.E.H. Stanner , with an introduction by Robert Manne Bureaucrats & Bleeding Hearts: Indigenous Health in Northern Australia. By Tess Lea The anthropology of morality in Melanesia and beyond Edited by John Barker