基于曲率驱动的瓦当文字提取方法

瓦当上雕刻的篆体文字是极富研究意义的中华文化元素,为中华文字的研究提供了研究对象。本研究提出一种以曲率为基础,通过粗细两次分割实现瓦当三维文字分割的方法,解决了瓦当上雕刻文字的提取问题。首先通过计算模型表面曲率进行粗分割,并利用聚类修复方法进行细分割。由顶点曲率值衍生出的平面点集进行多平面拟合,实现瓦当表面文字的精确分割。最后应用平行细化子迭代方法进行骨架线提取,实现瓦当文字的提取。实验结果证明,文中方法可以有效地实现瓦当三维文字提取。     

《全宋词》周颉小传补正

补正《全宋词》周颉小传：周颉约生于宣和五年后;号适庵;绍兴十五年中进士后至孝宗乾道年间尝为州郡教授之类学官;乾道八年在四川宣抚使王炎幕府;淳熙三年知德安府,五年犹在任;曾官左司郎中,不晚于淳熙十一年,十二年仍在任;淳熙十三年初秋,出为荆湖北路转运司判官,贴职为直显谟阁,十四年十月后解任;淳熙十六年正月,以朝议大夫、直显谟阁提点浙东路刑狱公事,而非“两浙提刑”;光宗绍熙元年二月,除福建路转运使,贴职晋为直龙图阁;绍熙元年至三年间,曾提举福建路常平茶盐公事;至迟绍熙三年已致仕;约卒于宁宗庆元六年前后;著有《适庵集》。     

山西大同关帝庙窖藏贴金彩绘铜造像表面装饰层的调查研究

为了解山西大同出土的五件明清时期铜造像的表面病害、装饰材料和工艺,对出土造像进行了调查,并运用显微照相技术、扫描电镜能谱、傅里叶红外等科学手段对装饰层进行分析。结果表明,造像表面均经过数次装饰,贴金采用了金胶黏贴工艺。蓝色的石青多用于头部,但在服饰上也有发现。红色的朱砂多出现在金层下部。铅丹与铅白混和使用,多出现在手部、面部及服饰上。有两件造像表面还发现了绿铜矿的使用。分析数据可为进一步的修复提供参考。     

The Poor Man’s Goldmine?

This article analyses the career paths of Swedish and Finnish sailors from the mid-19th to the mid-20th century. The article shows that, for the most of the men, the seaman’s occupation was just a passing phase before taking up a job on shore, but many of them also created a long-lasting and advancing career by going to sea. There was not necessarily, however, a clear distinction between job opportunities at sea and those on shore in those days: men worked both at sea and on shore. We therefore argue that an individual’s advancement in a maritime career was a context-specific socio-economic phenomenon. In Scandinavia, work on board ships was dependent on features that characterized the division of labour in a predominantly agricultural domestic economy on land and emerging industrialization during the turn of the century. Here we present an analysis of the career paths of almost 60,000 men recruited to serve on Swedish and Finnish merchant vessels from the 1840s to late 1940s.     

《全宋词》崔敦诗小传辑补

辑补<全宋词>崔敦诗小传:敦诗,通州静海县人;移居建康府溧阳县;约孝宗乾道元年至四年间,高邮军高邮县主簿;约乾道四年至八年,两浙路转运使司干办公事;至迟八年八月犹在此任,阶官已至左文林郎;九年二月至淳熙元年十一月,秘书省正字;九年十二月,阶官已至左宣教郎,兼翰林权直;又兼崇政殿说书;淳熙五年九月,除枢密院编修官、兼学士院权直;六年正月至七年七月,秘书省著作郎、兼学士院权直、兼崇正殿说书,阶官已至朝奉郎;七年七月至八年九月,国子司业、兼权直学士院;八年九月,拜中书舍人;加侍讲、直学士院;九年五月卒.阶官至朝奉大夫;著有<文集>、<内外制稿>、<奏议总要>、<通鉴要览>、<制海>、<鉴韵>等;今存<玉堂类稿>、<西垣类稿>,殆即所谓<内外制稿>.     

城市居民休闲生活满意度及其影响机制:以杭州为例

经典休闲满意度定义衡量的是个体在休闲活动过程中体验到的主观感受,实质上是休闲活动满意度,而不是个体对于其整个休闲生活状况的综合评价。文章因此提出了休闲生活满意度的概念,并以杭州为案例,对中国城市居民休闲生活满意度状况及其影响机制进行了探讨。研究发现,目前中国城市居民休闲生活满意度总体偏低。结构方程模型分析的结果表明:休闲时间、休闲参与频率、休闲活动满意度对休闲生活满意度都有一定正向影响,其中休闲时间、休闲参与频率的影响较大,而休闲活动满意度的影响较小。     

The Impact and Legacy of the Otterburn Public Inquiry,Northumberland National Park,England

The Otterburn Public Inquiry (1997 and 1999) polarized opinion as to how England’s finest countryside should best be utilized. On the one hand, the Ministry of Defence sought to realize a major development in a protected area, whereas on the other, Northumberland County Council and Northumberland National Park Authority opposed the plans, arguing that conservation and recreation should take priority. This study was undertaken several years later and took a retrospective look at the saga through a recollection of personal accounts, so as to examine the impact and legacy that was borne out of this development. Semi-structured interviews were undertaken with a number of stakeholders as part of a wider project on partnership working. It was found that the Ministry of Defence used this planning dispute to affirm that defence of the realm was a greater national interest than environmental protection. The outcome of the Public Inquiry was also found to contribute towards a radical change in the way Northumberland National Park was managed.     

Spitzka and Spitzka on the brains of the assassins of presidents

Although four American Presidents have been assassinated (Lincoln, Garfield, McKinley, Kennedy), only the assassins of Garfield (Charles Julius Guiteau) and McKinley (Leon Franz Czolgosz) were tried, convicted, and executed for their crime. In 1882 Edward Charles Spitzka, a young New York neurologist with a growing reputation as an alienist, testified at the trial of Guiteau. He was the only expert witness who was asked, based on his personal examination of the prisoner, a direct question concerning the mental state of Guiteau. Spitzka maintained the unpopular view that Guiteau was insane. In spite of aggressive and spirited testimony on Spitzka's part, Guiteau was convicted and hanged. However, even before the execution it was acknowledged, by some experts, that Spitzka was undoubtedly right. About 20 years later, in 1901, Edward Anthony Spitzka, the son of Edward Charles Spitzka, was invited to conduct the autopsy on Czologsz, the assassin of McKinley. At the time Spitzka the younger, who had just published a detailed series of papers on the human brain, was in the fourth year of his medical training. It was an unusual series of fortuitous events that presumably led to Edward A. Spitzka conducting the autopsy on the assassin of the President of the United States while still a medical student. This, in light of the fact that other experts were available. Each Spitzka went on to a career of note and each made a number of contributions in their respective fields. It is however, their participation in the 'neurology', as broadly defined, of the assassins of Presidents Garfield and McKinley that remains unique in neuroscience history. Not only were father and son participants in these important events, but these were the only times that assassins of US Presidents were tried and executed.     

论井上毅的地方自治观

井上毅作为明治时期最著名的法制官僚,对明治国家的法制建设起到了不可估量的作用。不仅如此,对地方制度问题也不断提出建言,对明治地方制度的建设以很重要的影响。井上早年留学欧洲,倾向于日本学习法国的地方制度,主张在日本的町村一级实行地方自治制度,在府县一级实行行政制度,与主张完全照搬德国,在府县、郡和町村三级都实行地方自治的山县有朋形成了对立。最后井上虽然没有掌握制定地方自治制度的主导权,但对日本近代地方制度的影响还是不容忽视的。而且值得强调的是,二者的地方自治观虽不相同,但在维护天皇制这一目标上却殊途同归。     

汉新禅代中的刘歆

刘歆为西汉王朝宗室,又为王莽新朝功臣,是学术造诣高深的经学家,又是将儒家理想制度付诸实践的改革家。汉新之际名儒贤达党附王莽者甚众,刘歆不幸被过多地关注和指责,应与此多重身份有关。其与父刘向在政治上非真正对立,二人的基本倾向应是一致的;其与王莽之关系,于汉新禅代之作用,于王莽改制之影响,也远不像传统认识的那样密切、那样重要、那样深广。用“不忠”、“不孝”指责他有失公道。     

A Simplified Calculation Method for Liquefaction-Induced Settlement of Shallow Foundation

This work was aimed at developing a practical and simple settlement estimation of shallow foundation on liquefiable deposits. The study conducted a centrifuge test, a series of comprehensive numerical analysis, back analysis, equation calibration, and verification with data from not only centrifuge test but also the literature. It finally proposed a quick calculation method based on Meyerhof’s settlement equation (1965). A two-dimensional numerical analysis, named ALID, (Analysis for Liquefaction-induced Deformation), was employed for obtaining settlement of shallow foundations on liquefiable soils with different relative densities under various seismic conditions. Its performance was first verified through a centrifuge test conducted in this study. Then, the developed method based on Meyerhof’s settlement equation was employed, and a new parameter, N_LR, was proposed to present the strength of liquefied soils by replacing N value in the original equation. The N_LR was obtained through back analysis of the numerical results and modified accordingly after comparison with the data from the literature. This paper, finally, demonstrated the practical use of the proposed method involving N_LR by predicting 199 sets of liquefaction-induced settlement of shallow foundation reported in the past, including a latest most liquefaction-induced settlement of a house in 0206 earthquake on February 6, 2016, in Taiwan.     

The Finishing Technique of the Stone Monuments of Persepolis: Further Studies and New Findings Through the Use of Non‐Destructive Analytical Techniques

The studies on the finishing technique of the stone monuments in Persepolis (Iran) are part of the archaeological project jointly launched in 2008 by Iran and Italy, named ‘From Palace to Town’. The first experimental results, obtained on a very limited number of samples, revealed that the Achaemenid builders and sculptors used a white pigment, a kind of bone white, calcium fluorapatite, obtained by burning animal bones, to hide the dark grey colour of the stone. In order to verify these unexpected results, a new campaign was implemented to analyse a much larger number of samples. XRF spectrometry, a non‐destructive technique, was used and the experimental results were further elaborated by PCA. The presence of a white superficial layer was confirmed, and the use of fluorapatite was confirmed as well, but only on monuments attributed to the Xerxes period or later, while in the earlier monuments the white layer was obtained using gypsum.     

COMPARATIVE STUDY OF VARIOUS SAMPLES OF ETRUSCAN BUCCHERO BY X-RAY DIFFRACTION,X-RAY SPECTROMETRY,AND THERMOANALYSIS

In order to ascertain whether the technology of Etruscan bucchero was similar everywhere or showed local variation, a comparative study was carried out on 23 samples of bucchero from different sites. The use of carbon dust as a black pigment in this type of pottery was confirmed in all samples, while the hypothesis of the addition of MnO₂ as a colouring was disproved. Further information on the nature of the basic constituents of Etruscan bucchero was also provided.     

From World War to Cold War: Scandinavian media attitudes to the Soviet Union 1945–1948

At the end of the war in Europe in 1945, an alliance-loyalty attitude was predominant among the Scandinavian public voices on the Soviet Union. This attitude incorporated a favourable image of the Soviet war effort and implied that the Soviet system had undergone changes during the war. Another significant group supported the Soviet system more unequivocally. These attitudes were dominant in the Scandinavian media and public debate until late 1945 or early 1946, when opposition to and fear of the Soviet Union began to be openly expressed in conservative and social-democratic newspapers. A bipartisan attitude to the Soviet Union had not developed at this stage, as the alliance-loyalty attitude was transformed into a clearer third-voice attitude that saw the Soviet Union on the one hand as a power which was not worthy of imitation, but which on the other hand accepted that the Soviet Union was seeking international peace and cooperation. Third-voice supporters in the Scandinavian media sought investigative reports on conditions in the Soviet Union, as they claimed that the growing anti-Soviet attitudes were based on a lack of accurate knowledge. Considering that Denmark, Norway and Sweden had experienced different conditions during the war, the differences in public attitudes to the Soviet Union were comparatively small. The public third voice on the Soviet Union was clearly weakened in 1948 by the reception of more critical information on the Soviet system and the perception of news on international developments.     

孙吴兵法与战国时期的著书风气

本文用地下出土的《孙子兵法》材料与传世文献记载相印证,探讨了该书的原始及流传情况。从《孙子兵法》、《孙膑兵法》、《吴子》诸书的产生与发展入手,论证我国战国时期曾存在过的,假托圣人、智者与人问答的著书风气。而这种风气的形成,实肇源于兵书的影响。     

A Religious Response Veiled in a Presidential Address: A Theological Study of Bush's Speech on 20 september 2001

Abstract

The speech met the moment. The moment was like none experienced before. The speech transformed a presidency and rallied a nation. But what was this pivotal response to a critical moment in American history? Was it a call to a just and holy war? Is God really on the president's ‘side’? This article analyzes the speech delivered by President George W. Bush on 20 September 2001, to a joint session of Congress and to a troubled nation. It was a speech that depended on intimations of righteous indignation, a clear demarcation of good and evil, and a God who is not neutral. The article looks at the religious themes overtly and subtly stated in this speech, to discern what was actually a religious response to a global crisis that took the form of a presidential address.     

Prospection of two circular Bronze Age ditches with multi-receiver electrical conductivity sensors (North Belgium)

Two types of electrical conductivity sensors were evaluated to prospect circular ditches surrounding former Bronze Age burial mounds, complementing aerial photography. The first sensor was based on the electrical resistivity (ER) method, while the second sensor was based on frequency-domain electromagnetic induction (FDEM). Both sensors were designed with multiple receivers, which measure several depth sensitivities simultaneously. First, the sensors were tested on an experimental site where a rectangular structure with limited dimensions was dug in a sandy soil. The structure appeared as a higher conductivity anomaly in the low-conductivity sand. Then, both methods were applied on two Bronze Age sites with different soil properties, which were discovered by aerial photography. The first site, in a sandy soil, gave only very weak anomalies. Soil augering revealed that the ditch filling consisted of the same sandy material as the surrounding, therefore this filling was not able to cause a high-conductivity contrast. Due to its lower sensitivity to noise in the low-conductive range, the ER-sensor produced a more pronounced anomaly than the FDEM-sensor. The second site was located on top of a ridge with a shallow substrate of Tertiary, coastal sediments. The ditch was very clearly visible on the sensor maps as a conductive low. At this location, the soil augering revealed that the ditch was dug through an alternating clay-sand layer and subsequently filled up with silty material from the topsoil. Overall, the shallow receiver separation produced anomalies that were both stronger and that corresponded better to the geometry of the ditches. The other receiver separations provided more information on the natural soil layering, and in the case of the ER-array they could be used to obtain a cross-section of the actual electrical conductivity with 2-D inversion modelling. The results of this study proofed that conductivity sensors can detect Bronze Age ditches, with varying contrast depending on the soil geomorphology. Moreover, the sensor maps combined with soil observations by coring provided insight in the environmental conditions that influence the contrast of the anomalies seen on the aerial photographs and the sensor maps.     

Characterization of a black residue in a decorated Neolithic pot from Dikili Tash,Greece:an unexpected result

A black depositional layer on the inner surface of a Neolithic carinated vessel from the archaeological site of Dikili Tash in Eastern Macedonia was examined scientifically. The layer was initially considered as decomposed organic matter and interest was focused on identifying the original organic contents. The scientific investigation, which included FTIR spectroscopy, analytical SEM examination and optical microscopy, revealed that the black substance was not organic but a pure iron oxide layer deposited on the vessel’s inner surface, and reduced in places to black iron oxides, during a destructive fire. The conclusion is that this layer represents the remnants of the vessel’s original content, which was a red hematite pigment. This unexpected find provides, for the first time, a missing link in the evidence of pigments used in Neolithic times, previously attested to only by finished products.     

明代茶果银的形成与演变

明代的茶果银是一种重要的历史现象,有礼仪、贿赂和赋税三种性质。茶果在人际交往和祭祀神灵的过程中起着重要作用,有时用银钱代替实际的茶果,于是产生了礼仪性质的茶果银。明朝制度虽然禁止征收茶果银,但贿赂性质的茶果银实际上广泛存在,并造成严重危害。赋税性质的茶果银由礼仪和贿赂性质的茶果银演变而来,到清代成了正规的赋税。     

《孤树裒谈》小考

《孤树裒谈》在浩瀚的史籍中名不见经传。是十六世纪一位抑郁不得志的儒生官员随笔之作。 本文对该书的作者、版本、材料来源、内容做一个初步的考证工作,以就教于方家。