Early Carboniferous Siphonodella (Conodonta) faunas from eastern Australia

Early to Middle Tournaisian conodont faunas with Siphonodella from ten sections in eastern Australia, between Gloucester in New South Wales and Rockhampton in Queensland, may be referred to the following ‘standard’ zones; 1 sulcata, 2 upper duplicata, 3 sandbergi, 4 lower crenulata and 5 isosticha-upper crenulata, in ascending order. In eastern Australia the first occurrences of Gnathodus cuneiformis, G. delicatus, G. typicus and Protognathodus cordiformis, near the base of the lower crenulata zone, are significantly earlier than in Europe and North America. Consequently the base of the isosticha-upper crenulata zone in eastern Australia is defined by the first appearance of G. punctatus rather than that of G. delicatus. On the present evidence it is difficult to reconcile some brachiopod and conodont occurrences in the Early-Middle Tournaisian of eastern Australia.

Seventeen discrete conodont species are discussed, four of which are described informally: Dinodus sp. nov. A, Dinodus sp. nov. B, Pinacognathus sp. nov. A, and a species of Siphonodella transitional between S. cooperi and S. crenulata.     

Obituary

EUROPE

The Future of Scotland. By James A. Bowie, M.A., D.Litt. London and Edinburgh : W. and R. Chambers, Ltd., 1939. Price 7s. 6d.

Hebridean Journey. By Halliday Sutherland. London : Geoffrey Bles Ltd., 1939. Price 10s. 6d.

The Islands of Scotland. By Hugh MacDiarmid. London : B. T. Batsford Ltd., 1939. Price 10s. 6d.

To Introduce the Orkneys and Shetlands. By Iain F. Anderson. London : James Clarke and Co. Ltd., 1939. Price 7s. 6d.

My Kingdom for a Horse. By Margaret Leigh. London : Macmillan and Co. Ltd., 1939. Price 7s. 6d.

North Cape. By F. D. Ommanney. London : Longmans, Green and Co. Ltd., 1939. Price 10s. 6d.

The Land of France. By Ralph Dutton and Lord Holden. London : B. T. Batsford Ltd., 1939. Price 8s. 6d.

Greek Earth. By Sidney W. Hopper. London: Michael Joseph Ltd., 1939. Price 12s. 6d.

The Mirrors of Versailles. By Elisabeth Kyle. London : Constable and Co. Ltd., 1939. Price 10s.

Towns and People of Modern Poland. By Robert McBride. London : Jarrolds Ltd., 1939. Price 10s. 6d.

ASIA

Minaret and Pipe‐Line: Yesterday and To‐day in the Near East. By Margret Boveri. Translated by L. M. Sieveking. London : Humphrey Milford at the Oxford University Press, 1939. Price 21s.

Settlements in the Lower Indus Basin (Sind), Parts I and II ; and Sind's Changing Map. By Professor M. B. Pithawalla. Karachi: The author. Prices Rs. 5 and Rs. 2 respectively.

REVIEWS OF BOOKS

Peaks and Lamas. By Marco Pallis. London : Cassell and Co. Ltd., 1939. Price 18s.

Eastern Journey. By J. H. MacCullum Scott. London : The Travel Book Club, 1939. Price 3s. 6d.

The Naked Nagas. By C. von Fürer‐Haimendorf. London : Methuen and Co. Ltd., 1939. Price 15s.

Karakoro: At Home in Japan. By Henry Noël. Tokyo : The Hokuseido Press, 1939. Price 6s. 6d.

I went to the Soviet Arctic. By Ruth Gruber. London : Victor Gollancz Ltd., 1939. Price 10s. 6d.

AFRICA

Afrique Équatoriale, Orientale et Australe (Géographie Universelle, vol. XII). By Fernand Maurette. Paris : Librairie Armand Colin, 1938. Price, 150 francs.

Ethiopia: An Empire in the Making. By Ferdinando Quaranta. London : P. S. King and Son Ltd., 1939. Price 7s. 6d.

By Bus to the Sahara. By Gordon West. London : The Travel Book Club, 1939. Price 3s. 6d.

Dark Subjects : Twenty‐four Adventurous Years in Nigeria. By H. L. Ward Price. London : Jarrolds Ltd., 1939. Price 15s.

AMERICA

Journey to the World's End. By Hakon Mielche. Edinburgh and London : William Hodge and Co. Ltd., 1939. Price 12s. 6d.

AUSTRALIA

A Voyage to New Holland. By William Dampier. Edited, with Introduction, Notes and Illustrative Documents, by James A. Williamson, D.Litt. London : The Argonaut Press, 1939. Price 12s. 6d.

Australian Journey. By Paul McGuire. London : William Heinemann Ltd., 1939. Price 12s. 6d.

POLAR REGIONS

Polar Exploration (” Epics of the Twentieth Century “). By Andrew Croft. London : A. and C. Black Ltd., 1939. Price 7s. 6d.

Sir John Franklin's Last Arctic Expedition. By Richard J. Cyriax. London : Methuen and Co. Ltd., 1939. Price 12s. 6d.

GENERAL

Admiralty Weather Manual, 1938. By Order of the Lords Commissioners of the Admiralty. London: H.M.S.O., for the Hydrographic Department, Admiralty, 1938. Price 10s. 6d.

White Settlers in the Tropics. By A. Grenfell Price, with additional notes by R. G. Stone. New York: American Geographical Society, Special Publication No. 23, 1939. Price $4.00.

BIOGRAPHY

Livingstone et l'Exploration de l'Afrique. By René Maran. Paris : Gallimard. Eighth Edition, 1938. Price 25. francs.

I Was There. By Edith Tyrrell. Toronto : The Ryerson Press, 1938. Price $2.00.

EDUCATIONAL TEXT‐BOOKS

Memorandum on the Teaching of Geography. Issued by the Incorporated Association of Assistant Masters in Secondary Schools. London : George Philip and Son Ltd. Second Edition Revised 1939. Price 8s. 6d.

The World of Man. Book IV. Europe, The British Isles and the World. By C. C. Carter and E. C. Marchant. London : Christophers Ltd. Price 3s. 9d.

Geography for To‐day : North America and Asia (also issued separately) : Europe and the British Isles (also issued separately). By a Committee including L. Dudley Stamp and L. S. Suggate. London : Longmans, Green and Co. Ltd., 1939. Price, 4s. each, or 3s., 2s. 6d., 2s. 9d. and 2s. 9d. respectively.     

GEOGRAPHICAL PATTERNS IN BIOLOGICALLY AVAILABLE STRONTIUM,CARBON AND OXYGEN ISOTOPE SIGNATURES IN PREHISTORIC SW GERMANY*

In order to interpret strontium and oxygen isotope values in Neolithic human skeletons analysed previously, we begin to map the biologically available strontium, carbon and oxygen isotopic signatures of prehistoric southern Germany by analysing tooth enamel of pigs from archaeological sites distributed around the region. The mapping shows a marked upland–lowland difference in biologically available ⁸⁷ Sr/ ⁸⁶ Sr values, ranging between 0.7086 and 0.7103 in the sedimentary lowlands, and from 0.710 to as high as 0.722 in the crystalline uplands of the Odenwald, the Black Forest and the Bavarian Forest. In addition, carbon isotopes in the carbonate fraction of pig enamel were generally about 1–2 more enriched in ¹³ C in the uplands. Despite the expected depletion of ¹⁸ O with altitude, oxygen isotopes in pig enamel showed little correlation with site altitude, although for pig samples not older than the Iron Age there was some geographical correlation withδ¹⁸O patterns in modern precipitation.     

Book Reviews

Book reviewed in this article: Olle Törnquist, Dilemmas in Third World Communism. The Destruction of the PKI in Indonesia. Gaim Kibreab, African Refugees. B.E. Harrell-Bond, Imposing Aid — Emergency Assistance to Refugees. Jan Bouke Wijbrandi, Organized and Spontaneous Settlement in Eastern Sudan: Two Case Studies on Integration of Rural Refugees. Kim Forss, Planning and Evaluation in Aid Organizations. Piers Blaikie, The Political Economy of Soil Erosion in Developing Countries. Michael Lipton with Richard Longhurst, Modern Varieties, International Agricultural Research, and the Poor. Shaul Bakhash: The Reign of tbe Ayatollahs. Iran and the Islamic Revolution. George Black, Garrison Guatemala. Marlene Dixon (ed.), On Trial: Reagan's War Against Nicaragua. Andrew J. Pierre (ed.), Third World Instablity. Central America as a European-American Issue. Maria Helena Moreira Alves, State and Opposition in Military Brazil. E.H. Preeg (ed.), Hard Bargaining Ahead. U.S. Trade Policy and Developing Countries. Esperanza Durán (ed.), Latin America and the World Recession. Gareth Stedman Jones, Languages of Class: Studies in English Working Class History 1832–1982. Jan Breman, Of Peasants, Migrants and Paupers. Rural Labour Circulation and Capitalisf Production in West India. Vicky Randall and Robin Theobald, Political Change and Underdevelopment: A Critical Introduction to Third World Politics. Stephany Griffith-Jones and Charles Harvey (eds), World Prices and Development. Malcolm C. Sawyer, The Economics of Michal Kalecki. Ricardo Acosta Suárez (ed.), The Management of Interlinkages. ICPE, Essays on Relations between Governments and Public Enterprises. Ale? Vah?i? and Vesna Smole-Grobov?ek (eds), Workers' Self-management and Participation. National Reports, Vol. III Ivan Turk, Accounting Analysis of the Efficiency of Public Enterprises. Twenty-five Years of Development Cooperation: A Review. Efforts and Policies of the Members of the Development Assistance Committee. Report by Rutherford M. Poats. Javed A. Ansari, The Political Economy of International Economic Organization.     

BOOK REVIEWS

Recent Prize-Winning Books in History: Providence island, 1630–1641: The Other Puritan Colony. Passionate Enlightenment: Women in Tantric Buddhism. The New Rural History: A Subject Whose Time Has Come Born in the Country: A History of Rural America. Linoleum, Better Babies, and the Modern Farm Woman, 1890-1930. Africa and the Middle East The Boundaries of Modern Iran. Anioma: A Social History of the Western Igbo People. The African Colonial State in Comparative Perspective. The Americas: Anarchist Voices: An Oral History of Anarchism in America. The Provincial: Calvin Coolidge and His World, 1885-1895. The George R. “Bob” Caron Story—Tail Gunner of the Enola Gay: Fire of a Thousand Suns. Science and Founding Fathers: Science in the Political Thought of Thomas Jefferson, Benjamin Franklin, John Adams, and James Madison. The Scottish High Church Tradition in America: An Essay in Scotch-Irish Ethnoreligious History. The Abolitionists & The South, 1831-1865. Aztec Warfare: Imperial Expansion and Political Control. Our Rightful Share: The Afro-Cuban Struggle for Equality, 1886-1912. Paying the Price of Freedom: Family and Labor among Lima's Slaves, 1800-1854. Creating the Commonwealth: The Economic Culture of Puritan New England. Changing Differences: Women and the Shaping of American Foreign Policy, 1917-1994. The Latter Day Saints: A Study of the Mormons in the Light of Economic Conditions. Fables of Abundance: A Cultural History of Advertising in America. To Foreign Shores: U.S. Amphibious Operations in World War II. Gateway to the Promised Land: Ethnic Cultures in New York's Lower East Side. Rural Guatemala: 1760-1940. Dark Sun: The Making of the Hydrogen Bomb. The Martinsville Seven: Race, Rape, and Capital Punishment. Hard Bargain: How FDR Twisted Churchill's Arm, Evaded the Law, and Changed the Role of the American Presidency. “Lest We Forget:” A Guide to Civil War Monuments in Maryland. The Sixties and the End of Modern America. Joseph E. Johnston: A Civil War Biography. McCarthyism and New York's Hearst Press: A Study of Roles in the Witch Hunt. Asia and the Pacific China in World History. To Steal a Book Is an Elegant Offense: Intellectual Property Law in Chinese Civilization. The Cambridge History of China. Volume 6. Alien Regimes and Border States, 907-1368. Teachers of the Inner Chambers, Women and Culture in Seventeenth-Century China. Learning to be Modern: Japanese Political Discourse on Education. The New Cambridge History of India. Volume III:4, Ideologies of the Raj. The Technological Transformation of Japan: From the Seventeenth to the Twenty-First Century. A History of Brunei. Religious Nationalism: Hindus and Muslims in India. India, Pakistan, and the Kashmir Dispute: On Regional Conflict and Its Resolution. Europe: Italy Since 1800: A Nation in the Balance? The Azerbaijani Turks: Power and Identity under Russian Rule. Counter-Revolution: The Second Civil War and its Origins, 1646-8. Art and the French Commune: Imagining Paris after War and Revolution. Parliamentary Taxation in Seventeenth-Century England. Napoleon and Josephine: An Improbable Marriage. Asquith As War Leader. Paris Babylon: The Story of the Paris Commune. A Long Walk to Church: A Contemporary History of Russian Orthodoxy. Subversive Words: Public Opinion in Eighteenth-Century France. Muslim Resistance to the Tsar: Shamil and the Conquest of Chechnia and Daghestan. Charlotte Brontë. A Passionate Life. Latitudinarianism in the Seventeenth-Century Church of England. Captain James Cook: A Biography. Poland Since 1944: A Portrait of Years. Richthofen: Beyond the Legend of the Red Baron. Communications and Power in Medieval Europe: The Gregorian Revolution and Beyond. New French Thought: Political Philosophy. The Franks in the Aegean 1204-1500. Gladstone 1875-1898. The Oxford Movement in Context: Anglican High Churchmanship, 1760-1857. The Elect Nation. The Savonarolan Movement in Florence 1494-1545. Imperial London: Civil Government Building in London, 1850-1915. Who Are The Macedonians? Exile and Destruction. The Fate of Austrian Jews, 1938-1945. Economic Structures of Antiquity. The Fatal Knot: The Guerrilla War in Navarre and the Defeat of Napoleon in Spain Law and Citizenship in Early Modern France. Witches, Devils, and Doctors in the Renaissance. Johann Weyer, De praestigiis daemonum. The Last Great Frenchman: A Life of General de Gaulle. London at War, 1939-1945. kathinka Zitz-Halein and Female Activism in Mid-Nineteenth-Century Germany. General, Comparative, Historiographical The Ambassadors and America's Soviet Policy. The pacific Basin Since 1945: A History of the Foreign Relations of the Asian, Australasian and American Rim states and the Pacific Islands.     

Opposing peace: English political pamphlets against the Treaty of Madrid in 1630

ABSTRACT

In November 1630 the Treaty of Madrid was signed between Philip IV, king of Spain, and Charles I, king of England. During the peace negotiations several pamphlets critical of the pro-Spanish policy of Charles I were printed in England. These publications contributed to the development of an increasing criticism of Charles I, by identifying his neutral European policy with pro-Spanish policies. The anti-Spanish and anti-Catholic rhetoric, which formed the basis of this criticism, was used to promote an aggressive foreign policy and consequently an active opposition to the king. The following pamphlets are discussed in this paper: Considerations T ouching a W arre with Spaine; The M erchandises of Popish P riests; The English Spanish Pilgrim; Further O bservations of the English Spanish Pilgrim; The P ractise of P rinces; The P resent E state of Spayne; and Three S everall T reatises C oncerning the T ruce.     

Books Reviews

Books reviewed: Mladen Lazic (ed.), Protest in Belgrade – Winter of Discontent. Malcolm Anderson, States and Nationalism in Europe since 1945. Ida Blom, Karen Hagemann and Catherine Hall (eds.), Gendered Nations: Nationalisms and Gender Order in the Long Nineteenth Century. Stephen May, Language and Minority Rights: Ethnicity, Nationalism and the Politics of Language. Shari J. Cohen, Politics without a Past. The Absence of History in Postcommunist Nationalism. Alison Palmer, Colonial Genocide. Michael King, Moriori: a People Rediscovered Gurharpal Singh, Ethnic Conflict in India: a Case Study of Punjab. Crispin Bates (ed.), Community, Empire and Migration: South Asians in Diaspora. Yoram Hazony, The Jewish State. Yaacov Ro’i, Islam in the Soviet Union. From World War II to Gorbachev. Marta Dyczok, Ukraine. Movement without Change, Change without Movement. Neboj?a Popov (ed.), The Road to War in Serbi – Trauma and Catharsis. Ger Duijzings, Religion and the Politics of Identity in Kosovo. Julie A. Mertus, Kosovo – How Myths and Truths Started a War.     

Book reviews

Books reviewed: Walter Carlsnaes, Thomas Risse and Beth A. Simmons, Handbook of International Relations. Richard Shapcott, Justice, community, and dialogue in International Relations. Arthur Lupia, Matthew D. McCubbins and Samuel L. Popkin, Elements of reason: cognition, choice and the bounds of rationality. Daniel C. Thomas, The Helsinki effect: international norms, human rights, and the demise of communism. Karen E. Smith and Margot Light, Ethics and foreign policy. John H. Jackson, The jurisprudence of GATT and the WTO: insights on treaty law and economic relations. Peter Ronayne, Never again?: the United States and the prevention and punishment of genocide since the Holocaust. Samantha Power, ‘A problem from hell’: America and the age of genocide. Michael Barnett, Eyewitness to a genocide: the United Nations and Rwanda. Ann Marie Clark, Diplomacy of conscience: Amnesty International and changing human rights norms. Sven Behrendt and Christian–Peter Hanelt, Bound to cooperate: Europe and the Middle East. William Brown, The European Union and Africa: the restructuring of north–south relations. Piero Gleijeses, Conflicting missions: Havana, Washington and Africa 1959–1976. Dennis Kux, The United States and Pakistan, 1947–2000: disenchanted allies. Ulrich Pfeil, Die DDR und der Westen: transnationale Beziehungen 1949–1989. Gregory Rattray, Strategic warfare in cyberspace. Adekeye Adebajo and Chandra Lekha Sriram, Managing armed conflicts in the 21st century. Louise Olsson and Torunn L. Tryggestad, Women and international peacekeeping. Caroline O. N. Moser and Fiona C. Clark, Victims, perpetrators or actors? Gender, armed conflict and political violence. Charles S. Cogan, The third option: the emancipation of European defense, 1989–2000. Kevin Wright, Arms control and security: the changing role of conventional arms control in Europe. Noam Chomsky and David Barsamian, Propaganda and the public mind. Dusan Kecmanovic, Ethnic times: exploring ethnonationalism in the former Yugoslavia. Will Guy, Between past and future: the Roma of central and eastern Europe. Fred Myers, The empire of things: regimes of value and material culture. Jagdish Bhagwati, Free trade today. Peter A. Hall and David Soskice, Varieties of capitalism: the institutional foundations of comparative advantage. Alice H. Amsden, The rise of ‘the rest’: challenges to the west from late–industrializing economies. Garry P. Sampson, The role of the World Trade Organization in global governance. Bjorn Lomborg, The skeptical environmentalist: measuring the real state of the world. Jeanne X. Kasperson and Roger E. Kasperson, Global environmental risk. Neville Wylie, European neutrals and non–belligerents during the Second World War. Percy Cradock, Know your enemy: how the Joint Intelligence Committee saw the world 1945–1968. Peter Hennessy, The secret state: Whitehall and the Cold War. David P. Calleo, Rethinking Europe’s future. Larry Siedentop, Democracy in Europe. Martin A. Smith and Graham Timmins, Building a bigger Europe: EU and NATO enlargement in comparative perspective. Geoffrey Pridham and Attila Ágh, Prospects for democratic consolidation in East Central Europe. Saadia Touval, Mediation in the Yugoslav wars. Helga Haftendorn, Deutsche Aussenpolitik zwischen Selbstbeschränkung und Selbstbehauptung. Neil Robinson, Russia: a state of uncertainty. Yves Boyer and Isabelle Facon, La politique de sécurité de la Russie: entre continuityé et rupture. Harir Dekmejian and Hovann Simonian, The troubled waters: the geopolitics of the Caspian region. Geneive Abdo, No God but God: Egypt and the triumph of Islam. Richard B. Parker, The October War: a retrospective. Michael Schatzberg, Political legitimacy in middle Africa: father, family, food. Goran Hyden, Dele Olowu and Okoth Ogendu, African perspectives on governance. Tunde Zack–Williams, Diane Frost and Alex Thomson, Africa in crisis: new challenges and possibilities. Mark Huband, The skull beneath the skin. Thomas Callaghy, Ronald Kassimir and Robert Latham, Intervention and transnationalism in Africa: global–local networks of power. J. Stephen Morrison and Jennifer Cooke, Africa policy in the Clinton years: critical choices for the Bush administration. Sara Berry, Chiefs know their boundaries: essays on property, power and the past in Asante, 1896–1996. Jim Broderick, Gary Burford and Gordon Freer, South Africa’s foreign policy: dilemmas of a new democracy. Korwa Gombe Adar and Rok Ajulu, Globalization and emerging trends in African states’ foreign policy–making processes: a comparative perspective of southern Africa. Chris Alden, Mozambique and the construction of the new African state: from negotiations to nation building. Rotimi T. Suberu, Federalism and ethnic conflict in Nigeria. Martin Meredith, Mugabe: power and plunder in Zimbabwe. Achille Mbembe, On the postcolony. Brian Raftopoulos and Lloyd Sachikonye, Striking back: the labour movement and the post–colonial state in Zimbabwe 1980–2000. Nicholas Lardy, Integrating China into the global economy. Thomas G. Moore, China and the world market: Chinese industry and international sources of reform in the post–Mao era. David M. Lampton, The making of Chinese foreign and security policy in the era of reform, 1978–2000. Chao Chien Min and B. Dickson, Remaking the Chinese state: strategies, society and security. Colin Mackerras, The new Cambridge handbook of contemporary China. Dawa Norbu, China’s Tibet policy. Julian Weiss, Tigers’ roar, Asia’s recovery and its impact. John Ravenhill, APEC and the construction of Pacific Rim regionalism. Edmund Terence Gomez, Political business in East Asia. Matthew Jones, Conflict and confrontation in South East Asia, 1961–1965: Britain, the United States, Indonesia and the creation of Malaysia. John Hilley, Malaysia: Mahathirism, hegemony and the New Opposition. Joseph S. Nye Jr, The paradox of American power: why the world’s only superpower can’t go it alone. Guy Poitras, Inventing North America: Canada, Mexico and the United States. Steven Casey, Cautious crusade: Franklin D. Roosevelt, American public opinion, and the war against Nazi Germany. Shawn J. Parry–Giles, The rhetorical presidency: propaganda and the Cold War, 1945–1955. Cecil V. Crabb Jr., Leila E. Sarieddine and Glenn J. Antizzo, Charting a new diplomatic course: alternative approaches to America’s post–Cold War foreign policy. H. Bruce Franklin, Vietnam and other American fantasies. Victor Bulmer–Thomas. Regional integration in Latin America and the Caribbean: the political economy of open regionalism. Antoni Estevadeordal and Carolyn Robert, Las Americas sin barreras: negociaciones comerciales de acceso a mercados. Eric Thomas Chester, Rag–tags, scum, riff–raff and Commies. Anthony Payne and Paul Sutton, Charting Caribbean development.     

Book Reviews

Book reviewed in this article: Michael Fleet, The Rise and Fall of Chilean Christian Democracy. Richard E. Feinberg and Contributors, Between Two Worlds, The World Bank's Next Decade. US-Third World Policy Perspectives No. 7. World Bank, Recovery in the Developing World. The London Symposium on the World Bank's Role. OECD, Financing and External Debt of Developing Countries Stanley Please, The Hobbled Giant. Essays on the World Bank. Robert Cassen and Associates, Does Aid Work? Report to an Intergovernmental Task Force. W. Arthur Lewis, Racial Conflict and Economic Development. Gunnar M. Serbe, Tenants and Nomads in Eastern Sudan. A Study of Economic Adaptations in the New Haifa Scheme. Victor S. D'Souza, Economic Development, Social Structure and Population Growth. Mark Hnlmström, Industry and Inequality. The Social Anthropology of Indian Labour. S. M. Ghanem, OPEC. The Rise and Fall of an Exclusive Club. Shelagh Weir, Qat in Yemen: Consumption and Social Change. Ray Bromley (ed.), Planning for Small Scale Enterprises in Third World Cities. Ian Smillie, No Condition Permanent: Pump-Priming Ghana's Industrial Revolution. The ‘Geneva Group’, How to Run Small Development Projects. Val Curtis, Women and the Transport of Water. Marcia M. Gowen, with the assistance of Herbert A. Wade, Renewable Energy Assessments: An Energy Planner's Manual. Deepak Lai and Martin Wolf (eds), Stagnation, Savings and the State. T. G. Weiss, Multilateral Development Diplomacy in UNCTAD. Rune Skarstein and Samuel W. Wangwe, Industrial Development in Tanzania: Some Critical Issues. Ian Livingstone, Rural Development, Employment and Incomes in Kenya. Franceses Bray, The Rice Economies: Technology and Development in Asian Societies. Saadet Deger, Military Expenditure in Third World Countries: The Economic Effects. K. J. Davey, Financing Regional Government: International Practices and their Relevance to the Third World. Stella Lowder, Inside Third World Cities. H. A. Reitsma and J. M. G. Kleinpenning, The Third World in Perspective.     

The plebe in the Florentine Histories: Machiavelli’s notion of humours revisited

According to recent scholarship, the Florentine Histories expresses Machiavelli’s growing scepticism toward the popolo. This more elitist ‘late Machiavelli’, however, is an illusion. I show that the illusion arose from (1) the scholarly oversight of Machiavelli’s criticism of the popolo in his early work, Discourses, and (2) the failure to notice his new terminological distinction between the popolo and the plebe in the Florentine Histories. Machiavelli never was a whole-hearted defender of the popolo in the first place, for his consistent commitment was to preserve the balance between the popolo and the grandi. Nor was he unusually critical of the popolo in his later work, Florentine Histories: he directs his harshest criticism to the lower-class plebe and not to the middle-class popolo.     

Book Reviews

Book reviews in this article: In Public Houses: Drink and the Revolution of Authority in Colonial Massachusetts. By David W. Conroy. From Opportunity to Entitlement: The Transformation and Decline of Great Society Liberalism. By Gareth Davies. In the Currents : Making Headway in Ethiopian Social History The Making of Modern Ethiopia: 1896–1974. By Teshale Tibebu. Ethiopia: Power and Protest, Peasant Revolts in the Twentieth Century. By Gebru Tareke. Africa and the Middle East Democracy, War, and Peace in the Middle East. Edited by David Garnham and Mark Tessler. The Arab Middle East and the United States: Inter-Arab Rivalry and Superpower Diplomacy. By Burton I. Kaufman. From Slave Trade to “!Legitimate Commerce”: The Commercial Transition in Nineteenth-Century West Africa. Edited by Robin Law. The Middle East: A Brief History of the Last 2,000 Years. By Bernard Lewis. Leisure and Society in Colonial Brazzaville. By Phyllis M. Martin. Decolonization & Independence in Kenya, 1940–93. Edited by B. A. Ogot and W. R. Ochieng. The Americas How the West Was Lost: The Transformation of Kentucky from Daniel Boone to Henry Clay. By Stephen Aron. Ideas and Ideologies in Twentieth-Century Latin America. Edited by Leslie Bethell. Harlem at War: The Black Experience in WW II. By Nat Brandt. Making Peace with the 60s. By David Burner. Masters of War. By Robert Buzzanco. Traces Behind the Esmeraldas Shore: Prehistory of the Santiago-Cayapas Region, Ecuador. By Warren R. DeBoer. On the Side of My People: A Religious Life Of Malcolm X. By Louis A. DeCaro Jr. Robert Kennedy: The Final Years. By Brian Dooley. The Legacy of Woodrow Wilson: American War Aims in World War I. By David M. Esposito. Mothers of Invention: Women of the Slaveholding South in the American Civil War. By Drew Gilpin Faust. The Jacksonian Promise: America, 1815–1840. By Daniel Feller. More Than Chattel: Black Women and Slavery in the Americas. Edited by David Barry Gaspar and Darlene Clark Hine. Rioting in America. By Paul A. Gilje. Gender and Jim Crow: Women and the Politics of White Supremacy in North Carolina, 1896–1920. By Glenda Elizabeth Gilmore. The Passing of Starr Faithfull. By Jonathan Goodman. Man of the People: The Life of Harry S. Truman. By Alonzo L. Hamby. The Press of the Young Republic, 1783–1833. By Carol Sue Humphrey. Lewis Cass and the Politics of Moderation. By Willard Carl Klunder. Lafayette in Two Worlds: Public Cultures and Personal Identities in an Age of Revolutions. By Lloyd Kramer. Albert Gallatin's Vision of Democratic Stability: An Interpretive Profile. By L. B. Kuppenheimer. Explicit and Authentic Acts: Amending the U.S. Constitution, 1776–1995. By David E. Kyvig. Race Relations Within Western Expansion. By Alan J. Levine. George Bush and the Guardianship Presidency. By David Mervin. The New Crusades, The New Holy Land: Conflict in the Southern Baptist Convention, 1969–1991. By David T. Morgan. A Southern Boy in Blue: The Memoir of Marcus Woodcock, 9th Kentucky Infantry Water, Land, and Law in the West: The Limits of Public Policy, 1850–1920. By Donald J. Pisani. Christmas in America: A History. By Penne L. Restad. Danger Zones: Homosexuality, National Identity and Mexican Culture. By Claudia Schaefer. The Market Revolution in America: Social, Political, and Religious Expressions, 1800–1880. Edited by Melvyn Stokes and Stephen Conway. A New Plantation South: Land, Labor, and Federal Favor in Twentieth-Century Arkansas. By Jeannie M. Whayne. Asia and the Pacific Wind Against the Mountain: The Crisis of Politics and Culture in Thirteenth-Century China. By Richard L. Davis. The Japanese Wartime Empire, 1931–1945. Edited by Peter Duus, Ramon H. Myers, and Mark R. Peattie. Molding Japanese Minds: The State in Everyday Life. By Sheldon Garon. Tradition Versus Democracy in the South Pacific: Fiji, Tonga and Western Samoa. By Stephanie Lawson. When China Ruled the Seas: The Treasure Fleet of the Dragon Throne, 1405–1433. By Louise Levathes. Agricultural Production and Indian History. Edited by David Ludden. The Japanese Kimono. By Hugo Munsterburg. Xuanzang: A Buddhist Pilgrim on the Silk Road. By Sally Hovey Wriggins. Europe And Now My Soul Is Hardened: Abandoned Children in Soviet Russia, 1918–1930. By Alan M. Ball. Citizenship and Community: Liberals, Radicals and Collective Identities in the British Isles, 1865–1931. Edited by Eugenio Biagini. Einstein: A Life. By Denis Brain. The Book of Cerne: Prayer, Patronage and Power in Ninth-Century England. By Michelle P. Brown. The Virgin and the Bride: Idealized Womanhood in Late Antiquity. By Kate Cooper. Controlling Laughter: Political Humor in the Late Roman Republic. By Anthony Corbeill. The Petite Bourgeoisie in Europe 1780–1914: Enterprise, Family and Independence. By Geoffrey Crossick and Heinz-Gerhard Haupt. Rituals of Retribution: Capital Punishment in Germany 1600–1987. By Richard J. Evans. The Soviet Union and the Vietnam War. By Ilya V. Gaiduk. Arming Against Hitler: France and the Limits of Military Planning. By Eugenia C. Kiesling. Britain and the Politics of Modernization in the Middle East, 1945–1958. By Paul W. T. Kingston. Denmark in the Thirty Years’War, 1618–1648: King Christian IV and the Decline of the Oldenburg State. By Paul Douglas Lockhart. Communities of Violence: Persecution of Minorities in the Middle Ages. By David Nirenberg. Fifty Years Later: Antislavery, Capitalism and Modernity in the Dutch Orbit. Edited by Gert Oostindie. Culture in the Federal Republic of Germany, 1945–1995. Edited by Reiner Pommerin. The Emperors and Empresses of Russia: Rediscovering the Romanovs. Edited by Donald J. Raleigh, compiled by A. A. Iskenderov. Housing in Urban Britain, 1780–1914. By Richard Rodger. The War for the German Mind: Re-educating Hitler's Soldiers. By Arthur L. Smith Jr. The Prussian Army, 1640–1871. By Jonathan R. White. The Conservative Revolution in the Weimar Republic. By Roger Woods. General , Comparative , Historiographical Colbert, Mercantilism, and the French Quest for Asian Trade. By Glenn J. Ames. The Sex of Things: Gender and Consumption in Historical Perspective. Edited by Victoria de Grazia with Ellen Furlough. The Wilsonian Impulse: U.S. Foreign Policy, the Alliance, and German Unification. By Mary N. Hampton. “Exterminate All the Brutes”: One Man's Odyssey into the Heart of Darkness and the Origins of European Genocide. By Sven Lindqvist. Translated by Joan Tate. Progress: Fact or Illusion? Edited by Leo Marx and Bruce Mazlish. Arrogant Armies: Great Military Disasters and the Generals Behind Them. By James M. Perry. Tobacco in Atlantic Trade: The Chesapeake, London and Glasgow, 1675–1775. By Jacob M. Price. World History: The Story of Mankind from Prehistory to the Present. By Hugh Thomas.     

Book Reviews

Books reviewed: Haslam, Jonathan No virtue like necessity: realist thought in International Relations since Machiavelli. Gamble Andrew Politics and fate. Malcolm Noel Aspects of Hobbes. Urbinati Nadia Mill on democracy: from the Athenian polis to representative government. Sutch Peter Ethics, justice and international relations: constructing an international community. Chesterman Simon Just war or just peace? Humanitarian intervention and international law. Terry Fiona Condemned to repeat? The paradox of humanitarian action. Mills Nicolaus and Brunner Kira The new killing fields: massacre and the politics of intervention. Hampson Fen Osler and Malone David A. From reaction to conflict prevention: opportunities for the UN system. Thakur Ramesh and Schnabel Albrecht United Nations peacekeeping operations: ad hoc missions, permanent engagement. Rittberger Volker Global governance and the United Nations system. Sellars Kirsten The rise and rise of human rights. Shapiro Martin and Sweet Alec Stone On law, politics and judicialization. Brenner Michael and Parmentier Guillaume Reconcilable differences: US‐French relations in the new era. Curtis Gerald New perspectives on US‐Japan relations. McAlister Melani Epic encounters: culture, media, and US interests in the Middle East, 1945–2000. Lansford Tom All for one: terrorism, NATO and the United States. Hoyer Werner and Kaldrack Gerd F. Europäische Sicherheits‐ und Verteidigungspolitik (ESVP): der Weg zu integrierten europäischen Streitkräften? Graduate Institute of International Studies Small arms survey 2002: counting the human cost. Cordesman Anthony Iraq's military capabilities in 2002: a dynamic net assessment. Calhoun Craig, Price Paul and Timmer Ashley Understanding September 11. Hershberg Eric and Moore Kevin W. Critical views of September 11: analyses from around the world. Foley Michael John Major, Tony Blair and a conflict of leadership: collision course. Norris Pippa Digital divide: civic engagement, information poverty, and the Internet worldwide. Endres Anthony and Fleming Grant International organizations and the analysis of economic policy, 1919–1950. Demirguc‐Kunt Alsi and Levine Ross Financial structure and economic growth: a cross‐country comparison of banks, markets, and development. Granville Brigitte The economics of essential medicines. Munck Ronaldo Globalisation and labour: the new ‘great transformation’. Kitching Gavin Seeking social justice through globalization: escaping a nationalist perspective. Sobel Andrew C. State institutions, private incentives, global capital. Schamis Hector E. Re‐forming the state: the politics of privatization in Latin America and Europe. Bail Christoph, Falkner Robert and Marquand Helen The Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety: reconciling trade in biotechnology with environment and development? Shiva Vandana Water wars: privatization, pollution and profit. Frei Christoph Hans J. Morgenthau: an intellectual biography. Caro Robert A. The years of Lyndon Johnson, master of the Senate. Gearson John P. S. and Schake Kori The Berlin Wall crisis: perspectives on Cold War alliances. Tewes Henning Germany, civilian power and the new Europe: enlarging NATO and the European Union. Malmborg Mikael af Neutrality and state‐building in Sweden. Johnstone Diana Fool's crusade: Yugoslavia, NATO and western delusions. Simms Brendan Unfinest hour: Britain and the destruction of Bosnia. Bellamy Alex J. Kosovo and international society. Beissinger Mark R. Nationalist mobilization and the collapse of the Soviet state. Gorbachev Mikhail and Mlynar Zdenek Conversations with Gorbachev on perestroika, the Prague Spring, and the crossroads of socialism. Fawn Rick and White Stephen Russia after communism. Zimmerman William The Russian people and foreign policy: Russian elite and mass perspectives, 1993–2000. Olcott Martha Brill Kazakhstan: unfulfilled promise. Dosmukhamedov E. K. Foreign direct investment in Kazakhstan: politico‐legal aspects of post‐communist transition. Murden Simon W. Islam, the Middle East, and the new global hegemony. Ruthven Malise A fury for God: the Islamist attack on America. Tibi Bassam Islam between culture and politics. Cordesman Anthony H. The lessons of Afghanistan: war fighting, intelligence and force transformation. Maley William The Afghanistan wars. Nojumi Neamatollah The rise of the Taliban in Afghanistan: mass mobilization, civil war, and the future of the region. Brisard Jean‐Charles and Dasquie Guillaume Forbidden truth: US‐Taliban secret oil diplomacy and the failed hunt for Bin Laden. Cheru Fantu African renaissance: roadmaps to the challenge of globalization. Chabal Patrick, Birmingham David, Forrest Joshua, Newitt Malyn and Seibert Gerhard The history of postcolonial lusophone Africa. Pottier Johan Re‐imagining Rwanda: conflict, survival and disinformation in the late twentieth century. Neary IanThe state and politics in Japan. Roper Jon The contours of American politics. Tussie Diana Trade negotiations in Latin America: problems and prospects. Levine Robert M. Secret missions to Cuba.     

Review Article

Book reviewed in this article: Review Article Escape to Shanghai: A Jewish Community in China. James R. Ross. Review Article Ah Ku and Karayuki-san: Prostitution in Singapore 1870-1940. James Francis Warren. Africa and the Middle East Egypt in Late Antiquity. Roger S. Bagnall. The Women's Awakening in Egypt. Beth Baron. Hemmed In: Responses to Africa's‘Economic Decline. Thomas M. Callaghy and John Ravenhill. The First Son of South Africa to Be Premier: Thomas Charles Scanlon. Basil T. Hone. The Making of Saudi Arabia 1916-1936: From Chieftaincy to Monarchical State. Joseph Kostiner. The Decline and Fall of the Ottoman Empire. Alan Palmer. The Imperial Harem: Women and Sovereignty in the Ottoman Empire. Leslie P. Peirce. Revolution until Victory? The Politics and History of the PLO. Barry Rubin. Zimbabwe and the New Elite. Ruth Weiss. The Americas From Revivals to Removal: Jeremiah Evarts, the Cherokee Nation, and the Search for the Soul of America. John A. Andrew IE. Apartheid's Reluctant Uncle: The United States and Southern Africa in the Early Cold War. Thomas Borstelmann. God and the Natural World: Religion and Science in Antebellum America. Walter H. Conser, Jr. Samtiento: Author of a Nation. Tulio Halperin Donghi, Ivan Jaksic, Gwen Kirkpatrick, and Francine Masiello. Passionate Sage: The Character and legacy of John Adams. Joseph J. Ellis. American Political Cultures. Richard J. Ellis. Yankees in Paradise: The Pacific Basin Frontier. Arrell Morgan Gibson. The Texture of Industry: An Archaeobgkal View of the Industrialization of North America. Robert B. Gordon and Patrick M. Malone. Old Age and the Search for Security: An American Social History. Carole Haber and Brian Gratton. Children of Grace: The Nez Perce War of 1877. Bruce Hampton. The Dividing Paths: Cherokees and South Carolinians through the Era of Revolution. Tom Hatley. 722 Miles: The Building of the Subways and How They Transformed New York. Clifton Hood. James B. Conant: Harvard to Hiroshima and the Making of the Nuclear Age. James G. Herehberg. Love and Theft: Blackface Minstrelsy and the American Working Class. Eric Lott. A Bloc of One: The Political Career of Hiram W. Johnson. Richard Coke Lower. Prize Possession: The United States and the Panama Canal, 1903-1979. John Major. Losing Our Souls: The American Experience in the Cold War. Edward Pessert. Lincoln in American Memory. Merrill D. Peterson. Ronald Reagan: The Great Communicator. Kurt Ritter and David Henry. Chester Bowles: New Dealer in the Cold War. Howard B. Schaffer. Romantic Longings: Love in America, 1830-1980. Steven Seidman. Benjamin and William Franklin: Father and Son, Patriot and Loyalist. Sheila L. Skemp. Sam Houston: The Life and Times of the Liberator of Texas, an Authentic American Hero. John Hoyt Williams. Ultra in the Pacific: How Breaking Japanese Codes and Cyphers Affected Naval Operations against Japan, 1941-45. John Winton. Asia and the Pacific Colonialism in an Indian Hinterland: The Central Provinces, 1820-1920. D. E. U. Baker. Central Authority and local Autonomy in the Formation of Early Modern Japan: The Case of Kaga Domain. Philip C. Brown. Broken Promises: Popular Protest, Indian Nationalism and the Congress Party in Bihar, 1935-1946. Vinita Damodaran. The Forgotten Army: India's Armed Struggle for Independence, 1942-1945. Peter Ward Fay. Law and Order in Song China. Brian E. McKnight. An‘Agreed’Frontier: Ladakh and India's Northernmost Borders, 1846-1947. Parshotsam Mehra. Southeast Asia in the Age of Commerce, 1450-1680. Volume 2, Expansion and Crisis. Anthony J. S. Reid. Europe The New Knighthood: A History of the Order of the Temple. Malcolm Barber. Collaboration in Belgium: Leon Degrelle and the Racist Movement 1940-1944. Martin Conway. The Halt in the Mud: French Strategic Planning from Waterloo to Sedan. Gary P. Cox. Anglicizing the Government of Ireland: The Irish Privy Council and the Expansion of Tudor Rule, 1556-1578. Jon G. Crawford. A History of Wales. John Davies. Franco. Sheelagh Ellwood. The Great Disorder: Politics, Economics, and Society in the German Inflation, 1914-1924. Gerald D. Feldman. From Weimar to Hitler: Germany, 1918-1933. E. J. Feuchtwanger. After Chartism: Class and Nation in English Radical Politics, 1848-74. Margot C Finn. Life in the Middle Ages from the Seventh to the Thirteenth Century. Hans-Werner Goetz, Albert Wimmer and Steven Rowan. The Origins of the Crimean War. David M. Goldfrank Holocaust Remembrance: The Shapes of Memory. Geoffrey Hartman. Living and Dying in England 1100-1540: The Monastic Experience. Barbara Harvey. Free to Hate: The Rise of the Right in Post Communist Eastern Europe. Paul Hockenos. Anticolonialism in British Politics: The Left and the End of Empire 1918-1964. Stephen Howe. The Rush to German Unity. Konrad Jarausch. The Labour Party since 1945. Kevin Jefferys. Park Güell. Conrad Kent and Dennis Prindle. Beria: Stalin's First Lieutenant. Amy Knight. Double Lives: Spies and Writers in the Secret Soviet War of Ideas against the West. Stephen Koch. Feeding Mars: Logistics in Western Warfare from the Middle Ages to the Present. John A. Lynn. Surviving the Swastika: Scientific Research in Nazi Germany. Kristie Macrakis. Commoners: Common Right, Enclosure and Social Change in England, 1700-1820. J. M. Neeson. Eleanor of Aquitaine: Queen and Legend. D. D. R. Owen. The Rise and Fall of Liberal Government in Victorian Britain. Jonathan Parry. Julius II. The Warrior Pope. Christine Shaw.d German History 1770-1866. James J. Sheehan. The Spanish Civil War. Hugh Thomas. The Shape of Athenian Law. Stephen C. Todd. Planning for War against Russia and Serbia: Austro-Hungarian and German Military Strategies, 1871-1914. Graydon A. Tunstall, Jr. The Caliphate in the West: An Islamic Political Institution in the Iberian Peninsula. David J. Wasserstein. The Merovingian Kingdoms 450-751. Ian Wood. General , Comparative , Historiographical A History of Civilizations. Femand Braudel. Richard Mayne.     

Book Reviews

Book reviews in this article: Crisis and Controversy: Essays in Honour of A. J. P. Taylor. Edited by Alan Sked and Chris Cook. War in the Ancient World: A Social History. By Yvon Garlan. [In Ancient Culture and Society series. Edited by M. I. Finley.] Facets of Hellenic Life. By John Scarborough. Studies in Roman Property. Edited, with an introduction, by M. I. Finley. The Emperor Julian. By Robert Browning. The Norman fate, 1100–1154. By David C. Douglas. Science and Creation in the Middle Ages: Henry of Langenstein War in European History. By Michael Howard. From Border to Middle Shire: Northumberland 1586–1625. By S. J. Watts with Susan J. Watts. The Representative of the People? Voters and Voting in England under the Early Stuarts. By Derek Hirst. The Rise and Fall of the Victorian Servant. By Pamela Horn. The Domestic Revolution: The Modernisation of Household Service in England and France, 1820–1920. By Theresa M. McBride. The New Poor Law in the Nineteenth Century. Edited, with an introduction, by Derek Fraser. William O'Brien and the Course of Irish Politics, 1881–1918. By Joseph V. O'Brien. Disraeli. By Richard W. Davis. Keir Hardie. By Iain McLean. David Lloyd George and the British Labour Movement: Peace and War. By Chris Wrigley. The Cost of the War, 1914–1919: British Economic War Aims and the Origins of Reparation. By Robert E. Bunselmeyer. Oil and Empire: British Policy and Mesopotamian Oil 1900–1920. By Marian Kent. The Politics of Reappraisal 1918–1939. Edited by Gillian Peele and Chris Cook. Introduction to Modern France, 1500–1640. An Essay in Historical Psychology. By Robert Mandrou. Translated by R. E. Hallmark. Voltaire. By John E. Hearsey. Enterprise and Entrepreneurs in Nineteenth- and Twentieth-Century France. Edited, with an introduction, by Edward C. Carter II, Robert Forster, and Joseph N. Moody. French Historical Method: The Annales Paradigm. By Traian Stoianovich. Foreword by Fernand Braudel. Bismarck. By Alan Palmer. Bismarck at the Crossroads: The Reorientation of German Foreign Policy after the Congress of Berlin, 1878–1880. By Bruce Waller. The Bourgeois Democrats of Weimar Germany. By Robert A. Pois. [Transactions of the American Philosophical Society, vol. 66, part 4, 1976]. Austro-German Relations in the Anschluss Era. By Radomir Lu?a. Austria 1918–1972. By Elisabeth Barker. The Russian Army in World War I. By Ward Rutherford. The Eastern Front 1914–1917. By Norman Stone. The Tunisia of Ahmad Bey, 1837–1855. By L. Carl Brown. Henry Sylvester Williams and the Origins of the Pan-African Movement, 1869–1911. By Owen Charles Mathurin. The Rise of Nationalism in Vietnam, 1900–1941. By William J. Duiker. Community and Revolution in Modern Vietnam. By Alexander B. Woodside. The Invasion of America: Indians, Colonialism, and the Cant of Conquest. By Francis Jennings. Stubborn for Liberty: The Dutch in New York. By Alice P. Kenney. Crime and Law Enforcement in the Colony of New York 1691–1776. By Douglas Greenberg. Colonial Pennsylvania, A History. By Joseph E. Illick. Nathan Appleton: Merchant and Entrepreneur, 1779–1861. By Frances W. Gregory. In Pursuit of Profit: The Annapolis Merchants in the Era of the American Revolution, 1763–1805. By Edward C. Papenfuse. The Problem of Slavery in the Age of Revolution 1770–1823. By David Brion Davis. Privateers and Volunteers, The Men and Women of Our Reserve Naval Forces: 1766 to 1866. By Rueben Elmore Stivers. The Formation of the American Scientific Community: The American Association for the Advancement of Science, 1848–60. By Sally Gregory Kohlstedt. Darwin in America: The Intellectual Response, 1865–1912. By Cynthia Eagle Russett. Plantation Societies, Race Relations, and the South: The Regimentation of Populations. Selected Papers of Edgar T. Thompson. “Good Time Coming?” Black Nevadans in the Nineteenth Century. By Elmer R. Rusco. [Contributions in Afro-American and African Studies, No. 15]. A Ghetto Takes Shape: Black Cleveland, 1870–1930. [Blacks in the New World.] By Kenneth L. Kusmer. Carnival of Fury: Robert Charles and the New Orleans Race Riot of 1900. By William Ivy Hair. A Night of Violence, The Houston Riot of 1917. By Robert V. Haynes. No Crystal Stair: Black Life and the Messenger, 1917–1928. By Theodore Kornweibel, Jr. [Contributions in Afro-American and African Studies, No. 20.] Race First: The Ideological and Organizational Struggles of Marcus Garvey and the Universal Negro Improvement Association. By Tony Martin. The Drive to Industrial Maturity: The U.S. Economy, 1860–1914. By Harold G. Vatter. [Contributions in Economics and Economic History, Number 13.] The Politics of American Individualism: Herbert Hoover in Transition, 1918–1921. By Gary Dean Best. The Failure of the NRA. By Bernard Bellush. Harry H. Woodring: A Political Biography of FDR's Controversial Secretary of War. By Keith D. McFarland. The Democrats: The Years Since FDR. By Herbert S. Parmet. Socialism and the Cities. Edited by Bruce M. Stave. The President Makers: From Mark Hanna to Joseph P. Kennedy. By Francis Russell. Friend and Foe: Aspects of French-Amerindian Cultural Contact in the Sixteenth and Seventeenth Centuries. By Cornelius J. Jaenen. Canada and the United States: Transnational and Transgovernmental Relations. Edited by Annette Baker Fox, Alfred O. Hero, Jr. and Joseph S. Nye, Jr. Letters and People of the Spanish Indies, Sixteenth Century. [Volume XXII, Cam bridge Latin American Studies.] Translated and edited, with an introduction by James Lockhart and Enrique Otte. Central America: A Nation Divided. By Ralph Lee Woodward, Jr. Brazil Since 1964: Modernization Under a Military Régime. A Study of the Interactions of Politics and Economics in a Contemporary Military Régime. By Georges-André Fiechter, with a foreword by Professor Jacques Freymond. Translated from the French by Alan Braley. The Military in Chilean History: Essays on Civil-Military Relations, 1810–1973. By Frederick M. Nunn.     

Book Reviews

Book reviewed in this article: Ideas in History: Essays Presented to Louis Gottschalk by his former Students. Edited by Richard Herr and Harold T. Parker. Men of Ideas, A Sociologist's View. By Lewis A. Coser. Catholics in Colonial America. By John Tracy Ellis. Toward Lexington: The Role of the British Army in the Coming of the American Revolution. By John Shy. Naval Documents of the American Revolution, I (1774–1775). Edited by William Bell Clark. Introduction by Rear Admiral Ernest M. Eller. Empire and Independence: The International History of the American Revolution. By Richard W. Van Alstyne. [America in Crisis.] A Nation on Trial: America and the War of 1812. By Patrick C. T. White. [America in Crisis.] Horace Mann on the Crisis in Education. Edited with an Introduction by Louis Filler. The Crisis of fhe Union, 1860–1861. Edited by George Harmon Knoles. Agriculture and the Civil War. By Paul W. Gates. [The Impact of the Civil War series.] Hayes of the Twenty-third: The Civil War Volunteer Oficer. By T. Harry Williams. The Climax of Popuhsm: The Election of 1896. By Robert F. Durden. John Muir and the Sierra Club: The Battle for Yosemite. By Holway R. Jones, with a Foreword by Roderick Nash. Negro Mecca: A History of the Negro in New York City, 1865–1920. By Seth M. Scheiner. The Ku Klux Klan in the Southwest. By Charles C. Alexander. The High Ministry of Government: The Political Career of Frank Murphy. By Richard D. Lunt. The History of Rocket Technology: Essays on Research, Development, and Utility. Edited with an Introduction by Eugene M. Emme. Education in Renaissance England. By Kenneth Charlton. North Country Life in the Eighteenth Century, Volume II, “Cumberland and Westmoreland 1700–1830”. By Edward Hughes. The Politics of Repeal: A Study in the Relations Between Great Britain and Ireland, 1841-50. By Kevin B. Nowlan. The Critical Years: The Union of British North America, 1857–1873. By W. L. Morton. [The Canadian Centenary Series. A History of Canada, Volume XII.] Urban Civilization in Pre-Crusade Europe: a Study of Organized Town-Life in Northwestern Europe during the Tenth and Eleventh Centuries Based on the Responsa Literature. By Irving A. Agus. The Laws of War in the Late Middle Ages. By M. H. Keen. [Studies in Political History.] The Fall of Constantinople, 1453. By Steven Runciman. History of Modern France, 1715–1962. By Alfred Cobban. The French Revolution, from 1793 to 1799. By Georges Lefebvre. Translated from the French by John Hall Stewart and James Friguglietti. Community of Fate; German-Soviet Diplomatic Relations, 1922–1928. By Kurt Rosenbaum. South and East Asia Since 1800. By Victor Purcell. The Federalists: A Study in Administrative History, 1789–1801. By Leonard D. White. The Jeffersonians: A Study in Administrative History, 1801–1829. By Leonard D. White. The Republican Era: A Study in Administrative History, 1869–1901. By Leonard D. White. The Divine Right of Kings. By John Neville Figgis. Introduction by G. R. Elton. The Ageless Chinese, A History. By Dun J. Li. (New York: Charles Scribner's Sons, 1965. A History of Scotland. By J. D. Mackie. The Origins of Modern Consciousness. Edited with an introduction by John Weiss. The English Reform Tradition, 1790–1910. Edited by Sydney W. Jackman. Modern Historical and Social Philosophies (formerly titled Social Philosophies in an Age of Crisis). By Pitirim A. Sorokin. History of the Expedition Under the Command of Lewis and Clark. Edited by Elliott Coues. Fly and Fly-Bottle: Encounters with British Intellectuals. By Ved Mehta. Under Pressure: The Writer in Society, Eastern Europe and the USA. By A. Alvarez. The Evolution of American Foreign Policy. By Dexter Perkins.     

New maps and charts

Note on The Lake‐Dwellings of Europe.

The Realm of Nature—An Outline of Physiography. By Hugh Robert Mill, D.Sc., Edin., F.R.S.E. London : John Murray, 1892. Price 5s.

Galloway in Ancient and Modern Times. By P. H. M'Kerlie. Edinburgh : William Blackwood and Sons, 1891. Price 7s. 6d.

The Trade Policy of Imperial Federation from an Economic Point of View. By Maurice H. Hervey, Principal of Illawarra College, New South Wales. London : Swan Sonnenschein and Co., 1892. Pp. x. + 182. Price 2s. 6d.

Two Happy Years in Ceylon. By C. F. Gordon Cumming. Illustrated, in 2 vols. Edinburgh and London : W. Blackwood and Sons, 1892. Price 30s.

Travels in the Mogul Empire, 1656–1668. By François Bernier. Edited by Archibald Constable, M.As. Soc. Beng., F.S.A. Scot. Vol. I. of Constable's Oriental Miscellany. Westminster : Archibald Constable and Co., 1891. Pp. li + 498. Price 6s. net.

The Real Japan : Studies of Contemporary Japanese Manners, Morals, Administration, and Politics. By Henry Norman. London : T. Fisher Unwin, 1892.

Japanese Girls and Women. By Alice Mabel Bacon. London : Gay and Bird, 1891. Pp. 333. Price 5s.

Coomassie and Magdala. The Story of Two British Campaigns in Africa. By Henry M. Stanley. New Edition. Pp. x + 402. Price 3s. 6d

The Great Lone Land: A Narrative of Travel and Adventure in the North‐West of America. By Colonel W. F. Butler, C.B., F.R.G.S. Fourteenth Edition. Pp. x + 386. Price 3s. 6d. London : Sampson Low, Marston, &; Company, Limited, 1891.

Untrodden Jamaica. By Herbert J. Thomas. Kingston : Aston W. Gardner and Co., 1890. Pp. 90.

The New Jamaica. By Edgar Mayhew Bacon and Eugene Murray Aaron, Ph.D. New York : Walbridge and Co. Kingston: Aston W. Gardner and Co., 1890. Pp. xi + 243.

The Statesman's Year‐Book, 1892. Edited by J. Scott Keltie, Assistant‐Secretary to the Royal Geographical Society. Pp. 1151. Price 10s. 6d.

The Northern Counties Red Book and Chronicle Almanac for 1892. Inverness: Northern Chronicle Office. Pp. 88. Price 3d.

Smith American Railways. Argentina and Uruguay. By J. K. Carter, F.G.S. London : Fred. C. Mathieson &; Sons, 1891. Pp. xii.+ 204. Price 2s. net.

Britannic Confederation : A Series of Papers by Sir John Colomb, Professor Edward A. Freeman, George G. Chisholm, Professor Shield Nicholson, Maurice H. Hervey, and the Bight Honourable Lord Thring. Edited, with an Introduction, by Arthur Silva White, Secretary and Editor, Eoyal Scottish Geographical Society. With a new map of the British Empire. London: George Philip and Son, 1892. Pp. 180. Price 3s. 6d.     

Book Reviews

Books reviewed: Review Essay Dennis B. Downey, Terrorism and the Loss of Being Walter Laqueur. A History of Terrorism. Mark S. Hamm. In Bad Company: America’s Terrorist Underground. Edward T. Linenthal. The Unfinished Bombing: Oklahoma City in American Memory. Africa and the Middle East Philip D. Curtin. Migration and Mortality in Africa and the Atlantic World, 1700–1900. Humphrey J. Fisher. Slavery in the History of Muslim Black Africa. The Americas Stephen E. Ambrose. The Wild Blue: The Men and Boys Who Flew the B‐24s over Germany. Samuel Basch. Recollections of Mexico: The Last Ten Months of Maximilian’s Empire. Volker R. Berghahn. America and the Intellectual Cold Wars in Europe. William C. Berman. From the Center to the Edge: The Politics and Policies of the Clinton Presidency. Alexander Bloom, ed. Long Time Gone: Sixties America Then and Now. Susan Branson. These Fiery Frenchified Dames: Women and Political Culture in Early National Philadelphia. Paul Buhle and David Wagner. A Very Dangerous Citizen: Abraham Lincoln Polonsky and the Hollywood Blacklist. Judith A. Carney. Black Rice: The African Origins of Rice Cultivation in the Americas. Caleb Crain. American Sympathy: Men, Friendship, and Literature in the New Nation. Robert M. Fogelson. Downtown: Its Rise and Fall, 1880–1950. Nancy Gentile Ford. Americans All!: Foreign‐born Soldiers in World War I. Frank R. Freemon. Gangrene and Glory: Medical Care During the American Civil War. James N. Giglio. Musial: From Stash to Stan the Man. Earl J. Hess. Pickett’s Charge: The Last Attack at Gettysburg. Gary R. Hess. Presidential Decisions for War: Korea, Vietnam, and the Persian Gulf. Lee Kennett. Sherman: A Soldier’s Life. Henry Kissinger. Does America Need a Foreign Policy? Toward a Diplomacy for the 21^st Century. Cathy Luchetti. Children of the West: Family Life on the Frontier. Gloria L. Main. Peoples of a Spacious Land: Families and Cultures in Colonial New England. Louis A. Pérez Jr. Winds of Change: Hurricanes and the Formation of Nineteenth‐Century Cuba. David M. Pletcher. The Diplomacy of Involvement: American Economic Expansion across the Pacific, 1784–1900. David J. Russo. American Towns: An Interpretive History. Edward Steers Jr. Blood on the Moon: The Assassination of Abraham Lincoln. Eric Van Young. The Other Rebellion: Popular Violence, Ideology, and the Mexican Struggle for Independence, 1810–1821. Michael Vorenberg. Final Freedom: The Civil War, the Abolition of Slavery, and the Thirteenth Amendment. Steven Watts. The Magic Kingdom: Walt Disney and the American Way of Life. Robert Whitney. State and Revolution in Cuba: Mass Mobilization and Political Change, 1920–1940. Linda Williams. Playing the Race Card: Melodramas of Black and White from Uncle Tom to O. J. Simpson. Barry K. Wilson. Benedict Arnold: A Traitor in Our Midst. Asia and the Pacific Suzanne Gay. The Moneylenders of Late Medieval Kyoto. Nicholas Tarling. A Sudden Rampage: The Japanese Occupation of Southeast Asia, 1941–1945. Xiaoqun Xu. Chinese Professionals and the Republican State: The Rise of Professional Associations in Shanghai, 1912–1937. Dingxin Zhao. The Power of Tiananmen: State‐Society Relations and the 1989 Beijing Student Movement. Europe Gregory S. Aldrete. Gestures and Acclamations in Ancient Rome. Abraham Ascher. P.A. Stolypin: The Search for Stability in Late Imperial Russia. Samuel H. Baron. Bloody Saturday in the Soviet Union: Novocherkassk, 1962. Leeds Barroll. Anna of Denmark, Queen of England: A Cultural Biography. Christopher M. Bellitto. Nicolas de Clamanges: Spirituality, Personal Reform, and Pastoral Renewal on the Eve of the Reformations. Pierre Birnbaum. The Idea of France. Jean‐Francois Breton. Arabia Felix: From the Time of the Queen of Sheba, Eighth Century B.C. to First Century A.D. Arden Bucholz. Moltke and the German Wars, 1864–1871. Nicholas Doumanis. Italy. Pál Engel. The Realm of St. Stephen: A History of Medieval Hungary, 895–1526. Geoffrey Hosking. Russia and the Russians: A History. Chris Humphrey. The Politics of Carnival: Festive Misrule in Medieval England. Edward Ingram. The British Empire as a World Power. Katherine Ludwig Jansen. The Making of the Magdalen: Preaching and Popular Devotion in the Later Middle Ages. Ian Kershaw. Hitler, 1936–1945: Nemesis. Adam J. Kosto. Making Agreements in Medieval Catalonia: Power, Order, and the Written Word, 1000–1200. John F. Matthews. Laying Down the Law: A Study of the Theodosian Code. P. G. Maxwell‐Stuart. Satan’s Conspiracy: Magic and Witchcraft in Sixteenth‐Century Scotland. P. G. Maxwell‐Stuart. Witchcraft in Europe and the New World, 1400–1800. Steven A. McKinion, ed. Life and Practice in the Early Church: A Documentary Reader. Annika Mombauer. Helmuth von Moltke and the Origins of the First World War. Brian Parsons. The London Way of Death. Derek J. Penslar. 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Conodonts and tabulate corals from the Upper Ordovician Angullong Formation of central New South Wales,Australia

Zhen, Y.Y., Wang, G.X. &; Percival, I.G., August 2016. Conodonts and tabulate corals from the Upper Ordovician Angullong Formation of central New South Wales, Australia. Alcheringa 41, xxx–xxx. ISSN 0311-5518.

The Angullong Formation is the youngest Ordovician unit exposed in the Cliefden Caves area of central New South Wales. Its maximum age is constrained by a Styracograptus uncinatus graptolite Biozone fauna at the very top of the underlying Malongulli Formation, but the few fossils previously reported from higher in the Angullong Formation are either long-ranging or poorly known. From allochthonous limestone clasts in the middle part of the formation, we document a conodont fauna comprising Aphelognathus grandis, A. solidum, Aphelognathus sp., Aphelognathus? sp., Belodina confluens, Drepanoistodus suberectus, Panderodus gracilis, Panderodus sp., Phragmodus undatus, Pseudobelodina inclinata and Pseudobelodina? sp. aff. P. obtusa, which supports correlation with the Aphelognathus grandis Biozone (late Katian) of the North American Midcontinent succession. The species concepts of Aphelognathus and Pseudobelodina are reviewed in detail. Associated corals are exclusively tabulates, dominated by agetolitids, including Agetolites angullongensis sp. nov., Heliolites orientalis, Hemiagetolites breviseptatus, Hemiagetolites sp. cf. H. spinimarginatus, Navoites sp. cf. N. circumflexa, Plasmoporella bacilliforma, P. marginata, Quepora sp. cf. Q. calamus and Sarcinula sp. Affinities of the coral fauna from the Angullong Formation are closer to faunas from northern NSW and northern Queensland than to the locally recognized Fauna III of late Eastonian age in central NSW. We propose a subdivision of Fauna III to account for this difference, with the late Katian Fauna IIIB characterized by the incoming of agetolitid corals. The currently known distribution of representatives of this group with adequate age constraints suggests that agetolitids possibly originated in North China, subsequently migrating to Tarim, South China and adjacent peri-Gondwanan terranes while also spreading eastward to northern Gondwana, where they progressively moved through eastern Australia to reach the central NSW region by the early Bolindian.

Yong Yi Zhen* (yong-yi.zhen@industry.nsw.gov.au) and Ian G. Percival (ian.percival@industry.nsw.gov.au), Geological Survey of New South Wales, W.B. Clarke Geoscience Centre, 947–953 Londonderry Road, Londonderry, NSW 2753, Australia; Guangxu Wang (gxwang@nigpas.ac.cn), State Key Laboratory of Palaeobiology and Stratigraphy, Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology, 39 East Beijing Road Nanjing 210008 PR China.     

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