THE DEVELOPMENT OF TELECOMMUNICATIONS IN TIBET

In the past, a letter sent from Tibet to inland China often took almost half a year to arrive. In Tibet, people had to walk a long way, and then waited in a long queue for access to a fixed phone. Because of the poor state of telecommunications in Tibet in those early days, people in Tibet heard and saw little of the wonderful world outside. This in turn created an even greater apparent distance between Tibet and that outside world.     

Serving My Hometown With Knowledge I Have Learned──An Interview With Tibet's First Weather PhD Xudo

In 1985, Xudo received a letterfrom the Nanjing Weather Col-lege, informing him he had beenaccepted to study in the college.He was only 16. He was happy and so were his par-ents. However,where cou1d he getmoney to cover his study in Nanjing?His parents sold a draught cow,and heleft home with 200 Yuan in his pocket. With this sum, and with allowancesgiven by the college and subsidies fromhis unc1e who taught in Tibet, he ekedout a living and grew into a Tibetan     

Tibetan Headgear in Rites of Passage

The Tibetan people have a long history and a richculture.They are distributed across the Tibet Autono-mous Region,mostly in Qinghai province and a partofSichuan,Gansu and Yunnan.They call themselves“Bod”and“Bodrigs.”Those living in Tibet are called“Bodpa”;those in western Sichuan,“Khampa”;thosein Qinghai,southern Gansu and northwestern Sichuan“Amdowa”;and those in northwestern Sichuan areknown as“Gyarongwa.”This shows that Tibetan cul-ture is widespread with regional differentiation.Theymaintain traditional rites of passage associated with     

On the Thirteenth Dalai Lama Ngawang Lozang Thubten Gyatso

The thirteenth Dalai Lama Ngawang LozangThubten Gyatso was a very spectacular and complexcharacter on the political stage of Tibet in moderntimes.His experience of a lifetime of frustrations re-flected the then tempestuous and changeable situation.Any evaluation of a Tibetan political and religiousleader has always been a contentious problem in aca-demic circles,because it involves the explanation andexposition of relations between the Tibetan local gov-ernment and the Central Government after the Revo-lution in 1911. For a long time I have had a keen inter-est in the“the Great Thirteenth,”as he has been called.After a long period of study I have formed my view-point on this historical figure, and I present it here to     

The Guardian of Electric Supply

正Since the peaceful liberation of Tibet in 1951, the electric power industry in the region has made leaps and bounds in progress and development.Such remarkable achievement is not common in world history, and with the aim to provide electricity to every single household in the Tibet Autonomous Region, a comprehensive information and telecommunications network was established between it and Qinghai and Sichuan Provinces. This triad of a network covering     

Daniel Defoe

正Daniel Defoe(1660-1731)was born in London in a butcher's family.Like Pope,he never went to university,but he received a good education in one of the best Dissenting academies.His father had wished him to be a clergyman,but he found himself interested in business.Defoe started as a small merchant and all his life his business underwent many ups and downs,and yet he was never beaten.His quick mind,abundant     

SUNF LOWER,A DANCING FAIRY FROM TIBET

＂Sunflower＂ is a Tibetan woman （real name Rinehen Drolma） who is a famous dancer and a national-level choreographer. She is now a choreographer in the Music and Dance Troupe of TibetAutonomous Region （TAR）. Since she engaged herself in the art of dance, Sunflower has won many first and second prizesin the dancing competitions of TAR. Her masterworks include Hormu Sisi, Tibetan Myth, Spring Maid, Spiritual Talk, Paean to the Holy Land, and Resama. She has given performances with her troupe in many countries and regions, including Austria, Germany, and Spain.     

那曲牧民的新生活

At the end of 2019,Ireceived a message from Tsering Gyalpo,a singer and storyteller of the epic of King Gesar.He said he and his fellow villagers had moved from Tsonyi County in Nagqu City to Sengpori,which is in Gonggar County of Lhoka City.With the message,there were some photos of him standing in front of a row of new houses and of himsitting in a living room with brand new furniture all around.     

浅析代笔书画

Ghostuwriting is a most complicate and difficult problem in the respect of Chinese calligraphy and painting authcntication because the ghostwriting is the requirement of the painter himself and usually approved by him. The painter will cooperate with the ghostwriter and try to be invulnerable. The author introduces such kind of phenomenou in the Chinese calligraphy and painting history in quite a detail. which is believed to he a great help to the authentieators or collectora.     

THE INTANGIBLE CULTURAL HERITAGE OF ETHNIC MONPA

<正>Magmang Town in Legpo Valley is a small town located in the south of Tshona County.This is a fascinating place blessed by a favorable climate and seems like a paradise.With their unique culture,ethnic Monpa have lived in this splendid country for generations while earthshaking changes have taken place around them,in conjunction with economic advancement and social transformation.     

Lies Do Not Hold Water

Premier Wen Jiabao paid a visit to the four countries of South Asia, including India,in April. The visit was a success and received a widespread warm response.One result was that China and India established “relations of strategic partnership for peace and prosperity”, and established the political guidelines to be used on presently unresolved border issues. All people harboring good intentions and who love peace are happy to see the progress made by the two most populous countries in the world and believe it will help promote peace not only in Asia but in the world at large.     

SALDRON,A WOMAN PUSHING FOR DREAMS

正In December,it is sunny but freezing in Lhasa.I met Saldron in a Western restaurant to the west of the Potala Palace.A pair of broad-brimmed glasses on her fair-skinned face and short slightly curled hair under a purplish blue hat,Saldron took a black pack on her back and looked like a free and casual college student.A Thankful Heart for Her Eleven Years of Study in the Mainland     

Hokkien Merchants and the Kian Teik Tong: Economic and Political Influence in Nineteenth-Century Penang and Its Region

This article explores nineteenth-century Penang's Hokkkien merchants and their secret society or hui-the Kian Teik Tong (Jiande Tang)-which had a variety of roles and an extensive network.It contextualizes the merchants' secret society as a transnational socioeconomic and political organization rather than as an overseas Chinese criminal group in the wider Penang area.By recovering Kian Teik Tong and its network,it can be shown how these merchants secured and mobilized labour,capital,and allies in a way that cut across linguistic,ethnic,class and state boundaries in order to establish control of coolies and the lucrative opium,tin,and rice businesses,in order to exert political influence in the colonial and indigenous milieus of the nineteenth-century Penang region.They established a social contract through their Kian Teik Tong relief activities and initiation rituals,and thus were able to recruit thousands of members who were mainly labourers.With such a substantial social force,the merchants launched organized violence against their rivals to attain dominance in opium revenue farming and tin mining businesses in Penang,Krabi,and Perak.The widespread and strategic location of the Kian Teik Tong in Burma also enabled the same merchants to monopolize the Penang-Burma rice trade.The versatility of the Kian Teik Tong's functions allowed them to operate as an alternative political order vis-a-vis the colonial and indigenous powers.This arrangement allowed the Hokkien merchants to gain significant political clout in confronting the Siamese and Dutch authorities.     

RED CHEEKS IN TIBET REDUCED

Editor＇s Note： According to modern science, sunlight has a series of effects while it irradiates human skin and sequentially makes the human body stronger and healthier. Basking in sunlight is a common lifestyle for people living in western countries and has gradually formed a sunbathing culture amongst people in the west. Nevertheless, the special geographical environment and too much strong ultraviolet radiation in Tibet makes sun-bathers very susceptible to sun-burnt skin if they bask too long under sunlight of Tibet.     

The Creation of Science and Technology Terms in Tibetan and Modernization in Tibet

1.There can be no modernization in Tibet withoutmodern science and technology,and the dissemina-tion of modern science and technology needs languageas an intermediary.As the main common language ofthe Tibetan people,the Tibetan spoken and writtenlanguage has played a very important role in the exist-ence and development of the Tibetan people.It hashelped to promote and maintain material and ethicalprogress,and to maintain the integrity of the nation,and so has left a brilliant page in the cultural store-house of the motherland.Now,as society witnessesprogress in science and technolog,and confronts the     

ALL TUNNELS ON LHASA-NYINGCHI RAILWAY COMPLETE

正Construction on the last two (Mainling Tunnel and Zagar Tunnel) of the 47 tunnels pertaining to a railway linking Lhasa and Nyingchi in Tibet Autonomous Region has been completed on April 7.Lhasa-Nyingchi Railway is a section of Sichuan-Tibet Railway,which is the first electrified railway in Tibet with a total length of 435 km and a designated speed of 160 km per hour.It is expected to be completed by the end of 2020,and start operation in 2021.     

A Study of mChod-rtens （Tibetan Stupas）

mChod-rten is a unique form of Stupa in Tibetan Buddhism. Tibetan Buddhists have long believed that building mChod-rtens is a way to accumulate virtues and merits, so both religious and secular people value them. Therefore, Tibet has become one of the most densely located areas of Stupas in the world, mChodrtens, varied in size and form, are found everywhere in Tibetan-inhabited regions. This distinct type of Stupa is not only an object of worship, or a peculiar form of architecture, but also a building with deep symbolic significance in Tibetan Buddhism, thus it is called Tibetan Stupa.     

Double-body pottery pot

The double-body pottery pot was unearthed in 1977 at the Karub ruins in Chamdo,Tibet,and has a history of more than 4,000 years.The shape of the vessel is made of two identical bag-shaped gallipots connected together,so it is named"double-body pot".According to the fibet Museum,the pot mouse has a diameter of 11.3cm,a bottom diameter of 8.4cm and a height of 19cm.Its texture is yellow pottery with sand.The mouth is horn shaped,straight neckt abdomen is con nected bag shaped double body,cervical shoulder has a pair of holes for tying rope.The surface of the pot is exquisitely decorated;with the use of carved lines and Cinnabar black painting decoration.The ware is full and beautiful in shape,ingenious in conception and skilled in craftsmanship,which represents the highest level of pottery production of Karub culture at that time and is known as the representative work of neolithic pottery in Tibet.     

THE TIBETAN VILLAGE OF NORTH WEST YUNNAN-a basic grammar of local authenticity

This work is the result of a journey in North West Yunnan. The European architects try to identify and explain which the main characters of local authentic architecture are, and to define a basic grammar. Observing the ongoing trends of change, they make comments and give some basic personal suggestions about architectural conservation. Authenticity is not an absolute idea and it should be clear that the following observations come from a European conservationist point of view. The document is written in the perspective of promoting a conservation oriented to tourism development in the area.