Alfred Russel Wallace as ancestor figure: Reflections on anthropological lineage after the Darwin bicentennial (Respond to this article at http://www.therai.org.uk/at/debate)

The article argues that anthropology might look to Alfred Russel Wallace as an ancestor figure for three reasons. First, it is under‐recognized that he was an accomplished and sympathetic ethnographic fieldworker. Second, evidence is emerging that his intuitions were surer than were Darwin's as to evolutionary mechanisms. Third, he was willing to appear as a “crank” on questions of ontology. These last two issues animate anthropology as we presently know it, and Wallace's stances on both may serve as a salutary inspirations.     

From convicts to colonists: the health of prisoners and the voyage to Australia, 1823-53

From 1815, naval surgeons accompanied all convict voyages from Britain and Ireland to the Australian colonies. As their authority grew, naval surgeons on convict ships increasingly used their medical observations about the health of convicts to make pointed and sustained criticisms of British penal reforms. Beyond their authority at sea, surgeons' journals and correspondence brought debates about penal reform in Britain into direct conversation with debates about colonial transportation. In the 1830s, naval surgeons' claims brought them into conflict with their medical colleagues on land, as well as with the colonial governor, George Arthur. As the surgeons continued their attempts to combat scurvy, their rhetoric changed. By the late 1840s, as convicts' bodies betrayed the disturbing effects of separate confinement as they boarded the convict ships, surgeons could argue convincingly that the voyage itself was a space that could medically, physically and spiritually reform convicts. By the mid-1840s, surgeons took the role of key arbiters of convicts' potential contribution to the Australian colonies.     

赣宁之役档案史料

赣宁之役是民初的重要历史事件。本次公布的史料计２件：一为第十混成旅施从滨部战斗详报;二为第二军炮兵处阵中日记。不仅可补充已公布的赣宁之役有关史料之不足,对研究军阀混战及施从滨个人活动等问题也有裨益。     

熊梁进步党内阁的成立与失败

二次革命期间,进步党处于北洋派和国民党竞相争取的有利地位,获得了上台组阁的机会,经过许多曲折,终于成立以熊希龄、梁启超为核心的新政府,立完派第一次掌握了部分中央政权。新内阁提出了雄心勃勃的大政方针,但也副署了取消国民党议员资格的命令导致国会解散。一种流传很广的说法是袁世凯利用承德盗卖文物案胁迫熊希龄副署,本文经过考证认定这种说法是错误的。熊、梁等进步党内阁派早已存在开明专制思想,而且对民初议会政治实践不满,他们希望在袁世凯的支持下走开明专制的道路。但是在国会解散后不久,失去支持的熊梁内阁也在北洋派的压力下黯然倒台,标志着这种依附性的开明专制道路完全破产。     

先秦时期青铜钺的再研究

青铜钺在先秦时期具有重要礼制意义。鉴于考古材料的日益丰富,本文在前人研究的基础上,运用考古类型学研究方法并结合文化因素分析法,总结出青铜钺发生发展的时代性和地域性。同时以此为基础,结合古文字和历史典籍资料,探讨了商周时期的用钺制度。     

南京出土六朝兽面纹瓦当再探

兽面纹瓦当是南京出土的六朝时期重要的瓦当类型之一,笔者曾对它的造型、时代等做过初步的研究。近期以来,经过进一步的野外调查和对实物的排比,又有一些新的收获和体会,特撰成此文发表,以供同道讨论。