二代农民工：城乡边缘人的悲欢生存

他们,是一个群体,一个靠改变城市面貌而改变自己命运的群体;他们,游离在城市与乡村之间,却处于城乡的边缘,在改变着生活和生命轨迹的同时,他们也在改变着中国社会的各种规则。农民工,这个具有中国特色称谓的人群,已经与当年扛着蛇皮袋和今天拖着拉杆箱而来的不再是一种人了,也就是所谓的二代农民工。也正因为他们现在的生存状态,正成为一个具有中国特色的问题。     

乡村振兴战略认同及其建构路径研究

乡村振兴战略是新时代党中央统揽"三农"工作的重大战略部署。但是振兴乡村战略只有得到广大农民群体的认同,才能激发他们建设乡村的精神动力和参与行为。影响农民对乡村振兴战略认同的因素中,既有认同主体自身因素,又有认同客体、社会传播和外部结构性制约,其中社会传播是影响农民认同的最关键因素。因此,重构农民群体对乡村振兴战略的认同,既要通过大众媒体和理论宣讲等外部传播,又要推动其在乡村社会的内生传播,并优化乡村振兴战略传播的体制机制和社会环境。     

试论南京国民政府初期的村治派

村治派是南京国民政府初期以<村治月刊>为阵地的研究和宣传乡村自治的知识分子群体.他们从文化保守主义与政治民主主义的视角阐扬乡村自治思想,促进了乡村自治思潮的发展,在中国社会政治思想史上留下了浓墨重彩的一笔.     

居夏宋人眼中的西夏乡村——以拜寺沟西夏方塔《诗集》为中心

宁夏拜寺沟西夏方塔《诗集》收录的主要诗作的作者是夏仁宗时期移居西夏的原宋朝陕西地区的佚名宋人,其诗作涉及西夏乡村的诸多面相。首先,诗作描述了诗人生活场域中的民居、农田与私塾等具体的乡村景观,勾勒出西夏乡村实体组成概貌;其次,诗作描写了农人、樵父与渔父等村居群体的生存状态,一定程度上体现了他们贫困的日常生产生活境况。通过对诗人基于实际生活场域的诗作内容的辨别,可以窥见西夏基层社会的乡村风物与乡村群体的生活画面,一定程度上能够加深对西夏乡村社会的具象认知。     

“乡村振兴”战略下回流人力资本治理的基本特征研究

党的十九大报告提出实施“乡村振兴”战略,新的形势下对人力资本的需求更为迫切。而我国作为拥有较大农村人口的国家,回流人力资本势必成为一个较大的群体,如果能对农村回流人力资本治理进行深入研究,那么将对推动乡村战略的深入实施与开展具有重要意义。本文充分结合“乡村振兴”战略的新形势,对回流人力资本治理的基本特征进行深入研究。     

抗战时期山西根据地劳动英雄运动研究

劳动英雄运动是根据地政府为了动员群众参加生产而发起的群众运动。通过运动,一个新的社会群体——劳动英雄群体被塑造出来。劳动英雄在发挥榜样的力量,动员和组织群众参加生产劳动的同时,也越来越多地参与到根据地社会的治理和改造过程中,成为新的乡村领袖的代表。劳动英雄的农民出身和群众作风,使他们在乡村社会更易得到群众的支持,保证了政令的有效贯彻。可以说,劳动英雄的塑造是根据地政府在战争的特殊环境下进行社会动员和社会改造的成功实践。     

论二十世纪前期滇东汉村最后的绅士阶层

传统的士绅阶层是一个特殊的群体,他们拥有一定的社会和政治地位,也相应的拥有一定的社会权力和政治权力。二十世纪前期,国民政府加强了对地方的统治,尤其是边陲滇省,相继出台了一系列政策。滇东汉村作为汉族村落的代表,传统的地方权力阶层不会轻易退出历史的舞台,他们在维护既得利益的同时,又在不断地调和与近代政权的冲突,短暂是和平共处是中国近代乡村权力更迭的黎明之黑暗。     

大学生弱势群体的心理援助探析

"学生弱势群体"是目前高校中的一个特殊群体,也是最容易出问题的群体,已成为高校学生管理中的难点和重点。在党中央倡导的建设"和谐社会"的宏观背景下,本着为社会主义建设培养有用人才的原则,在把握其心理特点的基础上,加强对"弱势学生群体"心理援助工作,理顺他们的情绪,化消极因素为积极因素,使他们健康成长,对我国"和谐校园"的建设具有重要意义。     

浅谈“80后”辅导员如何做好学生思政工作

＂80后＂辅导员在高校中所占比例越来越多,他们具有自己的群体特征,这种群体特征既是他们在高校中开展学生思政工作的优势,又是他们在工作中必须面临的挑战。针对＂80后＂辅导员的特征,如何扬长避短,如何使＂80后＂辅导员更好的进行学生思政工作成为高等教育面临的一个新课题。     

辛亥风云中的留日士官生

清末留日士官生是近代社会的一个特殊群体,辛亥革命发生之际他们发挥了军事骨干的作用,从他们革命意识的形成过程、成为革命勇士的客观条件、走上革命道路的政治保证和及参加革命的具体经过进行考察较能反映这一命题。     

Cause analysis of meager salaries of Sichuan primary school teachers in the 1930s

This paper aims to investigate the phenomenon wherein primary school teachers in Sichuan received low salaries in the 1930s. Compared with other professions among either physical or nonphysical jobs, primary school teachers had lower salaries, which were often paid in arrears and deducted. The main causes were instability, mismanagement, and an unbalanced distribution of education funds. __________ Translated from the Journal of Sichuan Normal University (Social Science Edition), 2004: 2     

Beginnings: women and geography at Northwestern in the 1960s

This brief article attempts to paint a picture of the social and intellectual atmosphere in which Susan Hanson's postgraduate education took place and then discusses her particular experiences in the Geography Department at Northwestern University. It describes the sexist characteristics of American geographical university education in the 1960s and the competitive and male-dominated environment of Northwestern. It suggests that Susan's experiences at Northwestern were an important influence on her subsequent values, skills and interests as a feminist academic.     

20世纪三四十年代的中国边疆研究及其发展趋向

20世纪三四十年代,大量专业的边疆研究刊物、社团创立,部分大学设置了边政学系等边疆教育研究机构,边疆研究的内容在传承中得到了拓伸,同时也开始了构建近代意义的边疆研究方法与理论的尝试。这一时期的边疆研究重视中华民族观念的讨论,是"致用"与"致知"双重社会需求的产物,具有明显的政府组织与推动的时代特征,表现出突破传统史学窠臼向独立学科发展的基本趋势,在研究理念上呈现出跨学科综合研究的多维视角。     

理工科独立学院加强学生人文素质教育现状研究及思考

从对兰州理工大学技术工程学院大学生人文素质现状的抽样调查来看,由于专业教育的偏向和较低的高考成绩,使得理工科独立学院学生的人文素质普遍偏低。因此加强理工科独立学院大学生的人文素质教育就显得尤为重要,而这可以试着从理工科学生的培养模式、考核方式及教师队伍建设、政策鼓励等方面做出一定的改进,以提高理工科大学生学习人文知识的兴趣和机会,以保障人文素质教育在理工科学生中的顺利开展,使其成为一个和谐发展的人。     

1910年代安徽教师教育背景的历史考察

1910年代,安徽省教师教育背景可简略分为国外留学、新式教育和传统功名三类.不同教育背景的差异,在相当程度上决定了教师群体的就职流向和生活空间.留学生、优级师范毕业生掌控了教育资源.新式教育培养的各式人才开始疏离乡村社会.传统功名者,有的凭藉原有社会资源而在新体制下仍可谋得职位;有的不断追求自身蜕变,或入新式学堂,或负笈留学以更新知识获得社会承认.广布乡间的私塾,虽历经整顿、取缔,仍顽强生存.安徽教师教育背景反映了处于新旧学制更易时期多变的社会风习与心态.     

"Polyhybrid heterogeneous bastards": promoting medical genetics in America in the 1930s and 1940s

I examine three American researchers in the 1930s and 1940s who populate the no-man's-land of medical genetics, between the heyday of "mainline" eugenics and the medical turn in human genetics in the 1950s. In scientists' narratives, William Allan, Madge Macklin, and Laurence Snyder appear as pioneers of medical genetics and genetic education. Allan was a country doctor with an interest in heredity. Snyder, a Harvard-trained geneticist, entered medical genetics through population-genetic studies of human blood groups. Macklin came from a background in academic medicine. Allan, Snyder, and Macklin believed in a genetic approach to medicine well before genetics offered clinical benefits. Although hereditary diseases had begun to overtake infectious diseases as causes of death and illness, formal genetics offered medicine little more than a few explanatory principles. These researchers made their case by a) listing mostly hopeful potential applications of genetics to disease; b) blurring the distinction between genetics and heredity; and c) engaging in preventive genetic medicine, that is, eugenics. Examining their careers reveals some of the texture of eugenic thought in American medicine as well as the continuities between the early eugenic phase of human genetics and the professional medical genetics that today's practitioners take as the origin of their field.     

任鸿隽科学教育思想及其实践初探

任鸿隽是我国近代著名的科学教育家,在近代中国的社会转型中,他以中国知识界卓越前驱的敏锐目光,对近代中国的教育发展提出了诸多独到的见解。任鸿隽在科学教育上的筚路蓝缕之功为世人所公认,他对科学教育思想的独特阐释与实践,以及在科学教育实践上提出的科学与人文并重的理念,不仅在近代中国教育界产生了深远影响,而且为当今中国科学教育改革提供了极为有益的借鉴。     

20世纪50年代农民业余文化教育述论

农民业余文化教育的主要目的是扫除文盲。20世纪50年代的扫盲运动经历了"速成识字法"的推广和"扫盲协会"的成立两个高潮,采取的主要形式是冬学和民校。业余文化教育提高了农民的文化知识水平,是农村社会变迁的重要原因之一。同时扫盲过程中也存在一些不足:扫盲工作认识观念存在偏差,文化学习很难与农民的切身经济利益直接挂钩,师资素质较低,办学经费匮乏,人口流动频繁。     

The French Republic and Women's Access to Professional Work: Issues and Controversies in France from the 1870s to the 1930s

While the French feminist movements campaigning to obtain the right to vote between the 1870s and the 1930s are well known, the struggles for women's access to higher education and professional work have not yet been studied in depth. Although the French Third Republic (1871–1940) claimed to adhere to the principles of equality, meritocracy and the ‘free competition of talents’, which translated concretely into the creation of a system of scholarships, competitions and professional degrees which provided access to many of the professional careers, these doors remained largely closed to the first women attempting to enter them. The controversies that this situation provoked are the subject of this article, which draws from professional, parliamentary, press and activist sources. More broadly, through examining this particular series of controversies, the article aims to give an account of the mechanisms and arguments that are generally used to make such discriminations publicly acceptable within institutional spaces that are formally governed by the principle of equal access.     

The Crisis of the “Disadvantaged Child”: Poverty Research,IQ, and Muppet Diplomacy in the 1960s

In the early 1960s, the US federal government deemed poverty to be a national crisis, and actively intervened to solve this problem. My question for this article is how did preschool education become a key site to remedy this crisis? Government interventions were a combination of poverty research, racialized politics, and child development. I show how the discipline of early childhood education cohered around the term “disadvantaged child”, in turn influencing the War on Poverty policies, including the basis of Head Start preschool education. During this same decade proponents of Sesame Street—with private funding, along with extensive testing mechanisms by consultants—argued that the television could reach more children, therefore be more cost effective. This paper investigates how surplus populations became determined and demarcated, as early as three years old. I question how televised preschool taught “affective skills” and proper social relations during times of political crisis.