日美贸易摩擦的分析及对我国的启示

20世纪90年代以来,在经济全球化和区域经济一体化迅速发展的同时,贸易摩擦也在加剧,发达国家之间的贸易摩擦、发达国家与发展中国家之间以及发展中国家与发展中国家之间的贸易摩擦频繁发生.进入21世纪这种趋势仍在加强,我国作为世界贸易大国,在今后的贸易中,与发达国家、发展中国家的摩擦肯定会不断发展并不断的扩大.因此,我们要认真地分析发达国家之间的贸易摩擦并从中吸取经验教训,特别是日美之间的贸易摩擦,及早采取应对的措施,制定出长期对日、美的贸易战略,使我国立于不败之地.……     

20世纪90年代的中日纤维产品贸易

20世纪90年代中日两国贸易结构发生较大变化,即中国对日本出口的食品及矿产等初级产品在对日出口总额中降到不足一成,而纤维产品贸易以几乎每年占中日贸易额的20～30％的速度强劲发展,推动了两国贸易总额的迅速增长,但同时也引起贸易摩擦。尽管纤维产品贸易由垂直贸易分工向初级水平贸易分工发展,以及密切的依存关系两大特征,使中日两国避免了在该领域的贸易战,但是,如何在互补性贸易结构中寻求更多的合作领域以减少贸易摩擦甚至避免贸易战争,是20世纪90年代中日纤维产品贸易带来的重要启示。     

发达国家和发展中国家不同的贸易地位引发的贸易与环境问题分析

本文在对发达国家和发展中国家的贸易环境观进行比较分析的基础上,指出绿色贸易壁垒是发达国家在贸易活动中进行环境保护的主要手段。发达国家的贸易环境保护引发了一系列的环境问题,而发展中国家却遭受了许多不平等待遇。发展中国家应采取积极措施,协调贸易与环境保护问题。     

WTO与日本市场开放

１９９９年１１月,世界贸易组织（ＷＴＯ）部长级会议在美国西雅图举行,由此将拉开ＷＴＯ成立后第一轮、也是新世纪第一轮世界多边贸易谈判的帷幕。以往每一次世界性多边贸易谈判的核心内容都是减少限制,开放市场。通过谈判,既进一步敲开了发展中国家的市场大门,也进一步敲开了发达国家的市场大门。作为贸易大国但封闭性又较强的日本,在以往各轮谈判后也被迫不断开放市场。二十一世纪的首轮多边贸易谈判,各国之间,特别是美日欧之间在市场开放方面的争执定将格外激烈。但可以肯定,新的多边贸易谈判将会给世界带来更宽松的贸易与投资…     

30年来日本对华经贸政策的调整与演变

日本是中国最重要的贸易伙伴,是我国最大的援助国家,最大的投资国家之一.从1972年9月恢复邦交正常化以来,中日经贸关系总体来说发展顺利,但在不同时期日本采取的对华经贸政策是不同的,是不断根据国家的经济发展现状结合国际形势的变化进行调整.70年代日本对华经贸政策是以发展本国经济为前提推动中日经贸关系向前发展;80年代继承了70年代的对华政策,但政治色彩加浓;90年代采取不断发展中日经贸关系的政策;展望21世纪发展友好的中日经贸关系仍为日本对华的主导政策,但摩擦会不断增加.     

对华贸易摩擦与我国对外贸易地理方向调整——基于收入需求偏好相似理论的分析

近来对华贸易摩擦数量更是呈现上升趋势。我国应该从贸易摩擦的国内原因着手,提升本国的国际竞争力。当前对华贸易摩擦与我国偏向性的对外贸易地理方向表现出重合性。要从根本上解决当前困境,就应该利用需求偏好相似理论逐步调整对外贸易方向,把原有的欧、美、日为主要导向出口贸易调整到各大洲并重的全球贸易战略。我国应特别注重拓展非洲、拉美市场,在缓解贸易摩擦危害的同时使中国走向贸易强国。     

中国对外贸易摩擦的应对机制探析

20世纪80、90年代以后,经济全球化成为支配世界发展的新趋势,经济发展的不平衡和利益不一致更加凸显,各国之间的经济摩擦日趋激烈。进入21世纪以来,全球贸易保护主义有所抬头,以反倾销、反补贴、反保障措施为主要手段的贸易摩擦已成为各国经济发展中“没有硝烟的战争”。面对伴随着中国和平崛起而出现的这一历史现象,必须抓紧制定出相应对策,建立相应的应对机制。     

论20世纪资本主义发展的历史定位

根据社会生产力和实践第一的检验标准来考察资本主义在20世纪的发展类型,可以发现,在20世纪,出现了美、日、德、英法、欧洲联盟、北美自由贸易区、东亚经济区、其他发展中国家、苏联东欧转轨国家等不同类型的资本主义发展模式。在发展和停滞的两重趋势中,20世纪资本主义的主要趋势仍然是发展。     

20世纪发展中国家城市化历史反思——以拉丁美洲和印度为主要对象的分析

本文考察了发展中国家在20世纪的城市化历史,指出了城市化的特点和问题,并分析了它们的原因。20世纪发展中国家的城市化历史为我国今后的城市化提供了三个方面的重要启示：一、把握城市化的速度与城市生活质量的关系。城市化水平虽然体现一个国家或地区社会经济发展水平,但不是衡量社会经济发展水平的唯一指标。推进城市化要以城市能够为它的居民提供更为优良的工作和生活环境为主要目标。二、在很大程度上,健康的城市化需要与乡村共同发展。农村和农业的不发展是发展中国家过度城市化的根源。三、要处理好工业化与城市化的关系。追求新型的工业化具有战略意义,但现实的社会状况仍需要发展劳动密集型工业以缓解就业压力。     

制度变迁与90年代以来的日本经济发展

一、20世纪90年代以来的日本经济 日本在二战后的几十年间,经济呈高速增长的态势,创造了令世界瞩目的“经济奇迹”．其发展经济的模式也成为各国竞相效仿的对象。然而自上个世纪90年代以来,日本经济陷入长期的低迷之中,表现为：经济增长速度大幅下降甚至出现负增长,失业率不断上升,不良债权高居不下,出口急剧下降,消费明显萎缩和政府财政赤字不断扩大。     

Climate and energy security policies and measures: synergies and conflicts

Concerns about climate and energy security are leading to increased government intervention in the energy sector, in particular as they relate to the choice of energy supply options. While many of these options will improve both energy and climate security, many measures will benefit one while harming the other. This raises an important question for governments and energy planners: how can conflicts between climate and energy security be resolved? This article outlines some of the barriers and problems that may arise as governments and companies try to address climate and energy security concerns simultaneously in various energy supply areas. It concludes by arguing against choosing one objective over the other, and by outlining steps that can be taken to help resolve conflicts between the two agendas.     

我和我的兄弟姐妹

1938年．我出生在金沙江畔一个叫巴塘的小县城里。生在哪一天．至今不知道．因此．六十多年过去了．我从来也没有过过生日。     

Challenger and Chernobyl Lessons and Reflections

Abstract

It is argued that Psychological research on 'race' and 'ethnicity' issues presents a number of ethical problems. These relate to the sociopolitical impact of such research, particularly when it purports to find differences of an 'innate' character; to the use of naive subjects, particularly children, in research which is aimed at demonstrating their 'inferiority'; and, within the academic community itself, to the working relationships between researchers who believe in 'innate' 'race' differences and colleagues belonging to allegedly 'inferior' groups – this being particularly significant within a teaching environment. Although the 'race differences' question has a long and controversial history, ethical issues relating to the research process itself have received less focused attention. Moreover, replacement of the genetically obsolete concept of 'race' with the idea of 'ethnicity' does not solve the problem entirely, and the term 'ethnicity' is itself unsatisfactory in several respects.     

Power and Ethnicity History and Anthropology

This essay reflects on the relationship between anthropological and historical scholarship of ethnicity, picking up on themes explored by Andre Gingrich, by considering the epistemological and evidentiary limitations of social scientific and historical analysis and reconstruction. Beginning with the consideration of the pioneering transdisciplinary efforts of Robert Darnton and Clifford Geertz, it argues that many of the weaknesses ascribed to such efforts are actually part of the nature of social scientific investigation which, in the terms of Peter Winch, must take into account two sets of relationships: that of the relationship between the scientist and the phenomena that he or she observes and the symbolic system that he or she shares with other scientists, which can only be understood from the social context of common activity. How these two relationships challenge social scientific analysis of ethnicity are examined through a consideration of the difficulties of applying Anthony Smith's definition of an ethnie to either Fredrik Barth's classic essay on “Pathan Identity and its Maintenance” or Helmut Reimitz's study of Frankish identity. It concludes that neither anthropologists nor historians are simply describing societies as they are or as they were but rather attempt to describe societies as witnesses within them thought they should be, and we do this for our own society, not for those of the participants, past or present.     

Of Demons and Angels and Historical Humans: Some Events and Questions in Translation and Post-colonial Theory

In what follows, I attempt to show that a look at some curious examples of translations from European texts makes us think about issues in translation theory and post-colonial theory from a slightly different angle. The metaphor of translation can very well be employed for understanding the relation between European texts, and some texts and some social and political practices in India in the colonial period, and this in turn helps us look critically at what I shall call our fuzzy post-colonialism. I also argue that Walter Benjamin's metaphor of translation as the after-life of a work can be extended to posit two basic modes of after-life.     

后伊拉克时代与中国的内政外交--普遍主义与单边主义的冲突

"9·11"事件后,冷战后的国际政治格局发生了重大变化.其最大特征可以概括为以下两点:第一,确立了以唯一超级大国--美国为核心的以反恐为普遍主义的全球性安全阵线;第二,美国的爱国主义、民族主义戏剧性地高涨起来.就像当时有人强调因为全世界有60多个国家的人在世界贸易中心工作,所以对世贸中心的攻击就是对全世界的攻击那样,在美国国民中普遍存在着这样的观点:因为美国社会自身就是世界的缩影,所以星条旗也可被看作是超越一国国界的全人类的普遍象征.