华北开发株式会社与日本政府和军部

华北开发株式会社成立于1938年11月,是当时日本在中国关内最大的国策会社,开办资本3.5亿日元,1945年增至4.43亿日元。它不是经营会社,是投资融资机构,即根据战争需要在华北组建并监督有关战略资源的企业,到1945年拥有60余个子会社、公司或合作社,其资本总额达189.2亿日元。日本战败,该会社亦随即关闭。 十几年来,日本学者从日本对华北经济统治、“满铁”活动等不同角度,叙述了华     

日伪华北交通股份有限公司及其交通统制

日伪华北交通股份有限公司及其交通统制王士花抗日战争时期，日本利用伪政权设立华北交通股份有限公司，企图统制华北交通，为其军事侵略、经济掠夺服务。考察该公司的设立经过、机构及其在华北实施交通统制的状况，有助于加深对日本侵华史及抗日战争史的认识与研究。一日...     

抗战时期日本在华北的“棉花增产运动”

华北的棉花是日本国内重要的棉纺织工业原料和侵华战争的重要战略物资。抗战爆发后,为维持长期侵华战争和国内棉花的需要,日本开始在华北推行棉花增产措施,包括推广用地下水灌溉、发放农业贷款、培养农业技术人才、设置农业增产重点县等措施,以求增加华北的棉花产量。但是,由于日本的棉花增产根本目的与华北棉农的切身利益存在不可调和的矛盾等原因,日本的棉花增产计划并没有实现。     

论太平洋战争爆发后日本强掳虐待华北强制劳工罪行

一、太平洋战争爆发前夕的形势与日本在华全面推行强制劳动制日本使用华北强制劳工最早用于伪满洲国。1 941年前日人在满洲各战争经济企业、矿山与军事工程中使用的“苦力”或强制劳工 2 /3是入满华北劳工。①那时 ,因“七七事变”日本发动侵占华北的战争对华北工农业生产造成巨大破坏 ,以及接踵而来的 1 939年华北地区特大水患 ,造成华北城乡众多失业劳工与难民饥民。而日本在华北各项“经济开发”事业均在恢复时期 ,所需劳力颇少 ,故日人向满洲、蒙疆大规模掠夺、输出华北强制劳工 ,主要是靠满洲与蒙疆的劳工募集机关 ,在日本华北方面军支…     

伪满洲国职业教育特点及其实质

职业教育是伪满洲国殖民主义教育体系最重要的一个组成部分,是日本殖民主义者为更快更高效的掠夺东北丰富的物资资源,适应其产业开发计划的需要而量身定做的一类教育形式。其职业教育范围和学校的职业教育内容随着日本侵略的深入而不断扩大,并以多种形式的职业教育途径和力求最少的修业年限培养能忠顺于其殖民统治的技能型劳动者,而其职业教育...     

“七·七”事变前日本侵华政策的几个问题

虽然七七事变前日本侵华政策是一个不使人感到陌生的题目,但从目前的研究中仍能看到有些概念不够明确,有些理解囿于某种定式的现象。对此,本文将谈点一孔之得。一日本“分治华北”的政策起于何时有的文章把“分治华北”与华北自治运动”混为一谈,认为《塘沽协定》时,日本并未形成“分治华北”的政策。此说不妥。日本图谋华北,其来有渐。大量的历史材料说明,日本对与“满洲国”相毗邻的华北甚为关切。重光葵承认对华北的“政治工作”“是在建立     

抗日战争前夕坐镇华北的第二十九军(下)

事变爆发 迫使宋哲元及第二十九军就范的阴谋失败,日本人就决心不惜动用武力驱逐第二十九军,达到其独占华北,进而侵占全中国的战略目的。 当时,驻防华北的第二十九军的处境是极其险恶的,北有日本关东军和伪满部队的压迫,西北面有伪蒙部队的制约,东有日本人控制的冀东反共自治政府,即使在北平城内也有日本使馆区的军队。北平西南的丰台、长辛店控制在日军手中,天津更是日本华北驻屯军的司令部驻节地,自山海关至北平铁路沿线多处地点都有日本驻军,还有日本特务机关的大量特工人员在华北各大城市中公开活动,制造事端。 1937年7月7日,卢沟桥事变爆发。卢沟桥是当时北平     

文化殖民与精神控制：日伪“新民会”的罪恶历史

<正>日本侵华战争时期，日本帝国主义在对中国进行军事侵略的同时，在沦陷区实施了有目的的文化殖民，企图从军事和精神两个方面同时征服中国，所谓“欲要亡其国，必先亡其史；欲灭其族，必先灭其文化”，侵华日军华北方面军在华北沦陷区扶植起来的汉奸组织“新民会”，便是当时承担“思想教化”文化殖民工作的重要机构。     

关于满铁附属地问题研究简述

满铁附属地是日本侵华的重要组成部分。在附属地内,日本不但驻有关东军,关东军犯下累累罪行,屠杀中国人民、发动九一八事变、炮制伪满洲国;而且日本在附属地内还开办大量企业,对中国进行经济侵略和掠夺;在附属地内进行殖民统治,建立非法行政机构、变相征税等。     

冀察政务委员会是什么性质的机构

在日本侵华的华北事变中,曾出现过一个“冀察政务委员会”的机构。关于它的由来、内部成分、所作所为、与日本的关系及存废演变等,以往论著涉及甚少,多系语焉不详。本文拟对该机构的上述诸问题作一辨析。     

Advances in Morphometrics in Archaeobotany

ABSTRACT

Morphometric analysis offers an alternative or augmentation to traditional archaeobotanical methods to address differences within and between plant species and their remains, refining and enhancing taxonomic resolution. Morphometrics, the measurement of size and shape, and the multivariate statistical analysis of generated quantitative variables, have long played a major role in biological research, including plant taxonomy and systematics, although its application in archaeobotany is relatively recent. Over the last few decades, there has been an increasing interest in the use of morphometrics for analysing a varied range of archaeological plant materials (mainly seeds, pollen, phytoliths, and starch grains). In particular, morphometrics have contributed to the study of the domestication and spread of many cereals world-wide, as well as that of other taxa including legumes, underground storage organs (USO), and fruits (such as olives, grapes, and dates). This paper reviews current methodologies, recent applications, and advances in the use of morphometrics in archaeobotanical research, discusses its role in exploring major research questions, and suggests possible future directions for its use.     

杏开二月

已经是二月仲春了,大地柔软,天气慢慢热起来了。一场习习的春雨,浇得人心头酥酥的。我第一次注意到,家门前的杏树开了。枝干上,星星点点,挑着几朵白,轻盈得很,把薄薄的心打开,驻足美的枝头,观赏人间烟火。背后是灰灰的庭院,低矮的     

Geography in Higher Education in Australia

Within the last 30 years, geographical information systems (GIS) have been used increasingly in the training of geographers. On the basis of the philosophy of technology and instrumental genesis, we sketch how the use of instruments interacts with learning processes and outline how this can be studied. We empirically analyse students' learning processes and the influences of teaching practice in an introductory course in GIS. We show that students have different strategies for creating their personal instrument for spatial thinking and how teaching interacts with the students' learning processes. Finally, we discuss how GIS may gradually alter future professional development of geographers.     

America in Speech and in Deed

The author's primary aim in what follows is to fully articulate Chantal Delsol's critique of late modern universalism as an attempt to depoliticize the individual for the sake of replacing politics with morality. The result of this depoliticization is a quasi-pantheistic cosmopolitanism that not only effectively denies the significance of individuality, despite rhetorically lionizing it, but also undercuts the freedom of individual conscience that makes moral choice possible. Genuine political prudence and moral judgment are subsequently replaced by the rigid exactitude of a technocratic analysis that reintroduces the "clandestine ideology" it was, despite protestations to the contrary, intended to eliminate. The unhappy paradox produced by the attempt to replace the necessary limitations of political judgment with the universality of a priori moral decree is that a new set of culturally and historically idiosyncratic political attachments are surreptitiously introduced beyond the pale of reasonable debate and disagreement. Delsol's measured response is not a precipitous rejection of universalism as such but a rehabilitation of it that recaptures the Christian moral realism at its core.     

Tibetan-Inhabited Area in Deqen in Development

Deqen, honored as “Shangri La”,is located in the area where three rivers meet to form one in the Henduan Mountains straddling the borders of Yunnan, Sichuan and Tibet. The Deqen Tibetan Ethnic Group Autonomous Prefecture, founded in September 1957, is the only Tibetan autonomous prefecture in Yunnan Province but one of 10 in the