古代埃及文献《人与灵魂之辩》的文本解读

古埃及第十二王朝时期的草纸文献《人与灵魂之辩》中罕见地出现了“与灵魂辩论”的现象,文中讲述了“人”与其“灵魂”围绕死亡主题展开的一系列辩论,“人”内心消极甚至有轻生的想法,“灵魂”则处世积极,提倡珍惜生命。文献中描述的社会现象揭示了当时古埃及真实的社会历史背景,作者面对动乱的社会和平民的悲惨生活内心矛盾而纠结,他借由“灵魂”这个角色开解自己,达到缓解心理压力的目的,进而消除自己轻生的念头。“与灵魂辩论”的观念违背了古埃及传统观念中“灵魂”与“人”相统一的关系,体现了古埃及人对传统观念的质疑和挑战,以及对生命的思考和探索,展现了古埃及人灵魂观的发展变化。     

从考古资料看史前原始宗教的产生和初步发展

原始宗教的产生以灵魂观念的出现为开端,灵魂观念最早出现于旧百器时代中期,此后一直是原始宗教意识的中心内容。     

楚人宗教信仰刍议（续）

二、人类鬼神人类鬼神即死人的灵魂。人类鬼神崇拜即人类灵魂崇拜。“灵魂不死”的观念,是人类鬼神崇拜的基础。基于万物有灵的思想,人类自原始社会起,就相信人与世上万物一样具有灵魂,人活着的时候,灵魂依附于人的身体,控制并支配着人的思维与行动,人死之后,灵魂与身体相分离,肉体消失了,灵魂依然存在,并能以某种形式对人产生影响。考古发掘证实,早在旧石器时代,即存在人的灵魂不死的观念。距今五万年至二万五千年前,北京周口店山顶洞人在埋葬死者时,随葬有死者生前佩带的装饰品,并在遗体周围撒有红色粉末。这种行为,意味…     

驾车蒙古我看见的荒凉雪原的灵魂

一个很难遇到的寂无人烟的大荒凉,蒙古国的大雪原。2003年3月5-6日,从乌兰巴托到卡拉克林,两天一夜。我像打了一个弯一样绕着雪原走了一遍．我觉得看见了荒凉雪原那个发亮的灵魂。     

大师王林

“你们烧的纸看起来是纸菩萨,其实那是我自己的灵魂。在你们烧纸的那一瞬间,我灵魂出身,争分夺秒,逢山过山,逢水过水,以最快的速度到达石头山的顶端,然后把山劈开,抱着蛇往回跑”     

宋佳追逐灵魂的自由

宋佳说,她是一个灵魂必须在路上的旅者,走过愈多地方,灵魂便愈自由。     

萨满教灵魂观与北方葬俗

灵魂观是萨满教世界观的核心和基石。从总体上看,萨满教灵魂观是一个由诸多元素构成相当完备的体系。就灵魂本身而言,它是多元的、运动着的,贯穿于生命的始终。它以多元又相互联系的循环往复的运动规律对生命现象予以解说,从而构建了特有的生死观。灵魂观对北方葬俗有着广泛而深远的影响,其影响至今犹存。萨满教灵魂观是一种多元的灵魂观。认为灵魂的构成是多元的,人有三魂,即命魂、浮魂、真魂,三魂相互联系,共同组成一个统一体。"命魂"是每个人与生俱有的,是生命与智慧的源泉。命魂,又称生魂,即生命魂,满语为"发扬阿",赫哲族…     

反思我从事的德育工作——在精彩活动中与学生共同成长

人们都说教师是人类灵魂的工程师,这已成了教师的特定称谓。在很长的一段时间里,我为自己是“人类灵魂的工程师”而自豪。甚至觉得,“人类”、“灵魂”、“工程师”,由这三个词语组成的称呼是多么气势恢宏和富有诗意啊!曾几何时,我无数次使用这样的短语：“无愧于人类灵魂工程师的崇高使命”、“人类灵魂的工程师不能没有自己的灵魂”等等。那时候,只要一提起这个词,一种真诚的庄严便会油然而生。     

合于德性的幸福——有感于《尼各马可伦理学》的幸福理论

万物都是向善的,以善为目的的。至善是幸福,幸福是灵魂合与合德性的实现活动。     

等待灵魂裸露所有枝桠

在女主角Joe还是小女孩的时候,她的父亲经常带她去公园．指引她看到树木之美。以及树的枝干和树叶的关系。他说,树干和枝桠是树的灵魂,夏天秋天,树枝承载着“所有树叶的重量。这是为了生存的漫长挣扎”,只有到了冬天,树叶落尽,树的灵魂才会裸露出来。     

Advances in Morphometrics in Archaeobotany

ABSTRACT

Morphometric analysis offers an alternative or augmentation to traditional archaeobotanical methods to address differences within and between plant species and their remains, refining and enhancing taxonomic resolution. Morphometrics, the measurement of size and shape, and the multivariate statistical analysis of generated quantitative variables, have long played a major role in biological research, including plant taxonomy and systematics, although its application in archaeobotany is relatively recent. Over the last few decades, there has been an increasing interest in the use of morphometrics for analysing a varied range of archaeological plant materials (mainly seeds, pollen, phytoliths, and starch grains). In particular, morphometrics have contributed to the study of the domestication and spread of many cereals world-wide, as well as that of other taxa including legumes, underground storage organs (USO), and fruits (such as olives, grapes, and dates). This paper reviews current methodologies, recent applications, and advances in the use of morphometrics in archaeobotanical research, discusses its role in exploring major research questions, and suggests possible future directions for its use.     

杏开二月

已经是二月仲春了,大地柔软,天气慢慢热起来了。一场习习的春雨,浇得人心头酥酥的。我第一次注意到,家门前的杏树开了。枝干上,星星点点,挑着几朵白,轻盈得很,把薄薄的心打开,驻足美的枝头,观赏人间烟火。背后是灰灰的庭院,低矮的     

Geography in Higher Education in Australia

Within the last 30 years, geographical information systems (GIS) have been used increasingly in the training of geographers. On the basis of the philosophy of technology and instrumental genesis, we sketch how the use of instruments interacts with learning processes and outline how this can be studied. We empirically analyse students' learning processes and the influences of teaching practice in an introductory course in GIS. We show that students have different strategies for creating their personal instrument for spatial thinking and how teaching interacts with the students' learning processes. Finally, we discuss how GIS may gradually alter future professional development of geographers.     

America in Speech and in Deed

The author's primary aim in what follows is to fully articulate Chantal Delsol's critique of late modern universalism as an attempt to depoliticize the individual for the sake of replacing politics with morality. The result of this depoliticization is a quasi-pantheistic cosmopolitanism that not only effectively denies the significance of individuality, despite rhetorically lionizing it, but also undercuts the freedom of individual conscience that makes moral choice possible. Genuine political prudence and moral judgment are subsequently replaced by the rigid exactitude of a technocratic analysis that reintroduces the "clandestine ideology" it was, despite protestations to the contrary, intended to eliminate. The unhappy paradox produced by the attempt to replace the necessary limitations of political judgment with the universality of a priori moral decree is that a new set of culturally and historically idiosyncratic political attachments are surreptitiously introduced beyond the pale of reasonable debate and disagreement. Delsol's measured response is not a precipitous rejection of universalism as such but a rehabilitation of it that recaptures the Christian moral realism at its core.     

Tibetan-Inhabited Area in Deqen in Development

Deqen, honored as “Shangri La”,is located in the area where three rivers meet to form one in the Henduan Mountains straddling the borders of Yunnan, Sichuan and Tibet. The Deqen Tibetan Ethnic Group Autonomous Prefecture, founded in September 1957, is the only Tibetan autonomous prefecture in Yunnan Province but one of 10 in the