试论城市规划的政策化趋势

城市规划的改革与发展是一个倍受我国城市规划界关注的问题。除了传统的城市空间组织功能外,近年来城市规划的利益调控功能受到了研究者的广泛关注。通过对传统城市规划理论与实践的反思,城市规划的公共政策属性得到了更多的认可,城市规划的政策化趋势更为明显。本文在比较"以空间组织为中心"和"以利益协调为中心"两种规划视角的基础上,分析了城市规划的政策化发展趋势,阐述了城市规划中的政策输入与输出过程,并针对我国规划研究中的不足,提出了相应的对策。     

SYMPOSIUM ON INTRODUCTORY TEXTBOOKS ON PUBLIC POLICY ANALYSIS

WORLD POLICAL ECONOMY
Robert Gilpin, U.S. Power and the Multinational Corporation
Zuhayr Mikdashi, The International Politics of Natural Resources
Mason Willrich, Energy and World Politics
RECENT RELEVANT LITERATURE
J. Clarence Davies III and Barbara S. Davies, The Politics of Pollution
POLICY STUDIES PAPERS FROM NON-POLITICAL SCIENCE CONVENTIONS
A BIBLIOGRAPHY OF POLICY STUDIES BOOKS     

RURAL–URBAN MIGRATION AND UNEMPLOYMENT: THEORY AND POLICY IMPLICATIONS*

ABSTRACT We develop a regional model where, in the city, unemployment prevails because of too high (efficiency) wages, while, in the rural area, workers are paid at their marginal productivity. We characterize the steady‐state equilibrium and show that it is unique. We then consider two policies: decreasing urban unemployment benefits and subsidizing urban employment. We find that decreasing the unemployment benefit in the city creates urban jobs and reduces rural–urban migration since new migrants have to spend some time unemployed before they can find a job in the city. On the other hand, raising employment subsidies increases urban employment but may also increase urban unemployment because it triggers more rural–urban migration. In this respect, the employment subsidy policy can backfire by raising rather than reducing urban unemployment.