江南文化古镇居民旅游影响感知及其形成机理——以同里为例

本文以江南文化古镇同里为例,借助质性访谈与问卷调查探讨古镇居民对旅游影响的感知。结果表明:同里古镇居民对当地旅游发展存有正面和负面双重感知,主要体现在经济、社会、文化、环境等各个方面;具体感知维度可分为"原真性削弱与环境恶化"、"经济获益和生活改善"、"成本增加和分配不公"、"社会失序"、"地方认同与思想更新"、"文化传承和形象提升",整体上积极感知强于消极感知,但对地方旅游发展引发的负面效应感知日益增强;由此,从直接经验、社会互动以及媒体影响3个层面对古镇居民旅游影响感知形成机理进行深入剖析,并据此提出相应建议和对策。     

吴文化视域下江南水乡古镇旅游的返本开新研究——以苏州同里古镇为例

历史文化底蕴是旅游可持续发展的关键因素,作为吴文化的发源地,江苏省苏州的历史遗迹众多,文化底蕴深厚,是其发展文化旅游的优势之一。然而,当前江南水乡古镇发展面临着吴文化底蕴被淡化,商品、服务同质化,古镇管理体系不完善等问题,因此,深入挖掘吴文化底蕴,创新文化传承路径,成为江南水乡古镇文旅可持续发展的重中之重。本文以苏州同里古镇为例,通过问卷调查、实地调研、半结构式访谈等方法归纳古镇发展现状,并提出江南水乡古镇旅游发展的返本开新对策。     

历史城镇社区居民参与旅游业发展的行为意向研究——以丽江束河古镇为例

本文通过对丽江束河古镇原住居民的访谈和问卷调查,找出在旅游业发展方面居民的关心点,分析居民对参与旅游业、活用历史资源达到从旅游业直接受益方面所存在的问题和难点。在此基础上提出多种渠道筹措资金、扩大对民居修缮的援助面、提高援助程度,鼓励和促进更多居民发展自主经营,采取有效措施保证居民利益,实现旅游可持续发展。     

身份认同转变的影响因素探析——基于16位在韩朝鲜族移民的结构式访谈

论文基于多元身份认同的理论基础,通过16位在韩国工作生活的中国朝鲜族移民的结构式访谈,对影响其身份认同转变的相关因素进行了探析。研究显示,导致中国朝鲜族认同转变的主要因素包括：移居韩国前的高期望值导致的失落感,大量集中于体力劳动行业被边缘化,语言和文化障碍,韩国社会的歧视以及由此导致的自尊心伤害。韩国政府近期移民政策逐渐由优待中国朝鲜族转向对所有外国人群体的普适性对待,在此过程中,如果缺乏对中国朝鲜族这一特殊群体的考虑,将有可能影响韩国整个社会的稳定。     

广西基层治理十大靶点的逻辑构成及破解路径

本文利用组织行为理论相关知识构建框架,主要采用深度访谈的研究方法,对广西基层进行了半结构化的深入访谈.访谈发现广西基层治理存在一些思想误区,治理体系不完善、治理的制度意识薄弱、双向沟通和协调不够、政策执行缺乏弹性等问题;本文从个体、群体、组织三个维度分析十大靶点背后的逻辑,主要体现为个体动机影响政治行为、群体过程影响群...     

安仁古镇旅游开发背景下当地居民利益被忽视的现象

在本次调查中,通过访谈、问卷调查、实地观察等方式,了解到安仁古镇居民在古镇旅游开发背景下存在的利益被忽视的现象。本文主要分析了古镇居民旅游收益、旅游区基础设施建设、旅游就业、生活便利度和居民主体地位这五个方面,并在此基础上,总结了其对于安仁古镇居民和古镇旅游资源产生的消极影响。     

居民和游客视角下青木川古镇文化景观感知差异研究

随着现代化进程的发展,国家愈加重视古镇名村文化景观的保护问题。陕南古镇由于地理位置的特殊,古镇的文化景观别具一格。本文以目前旅游发展模式较成熟、历史建筑保存较完整的青木川古镇为例,采用问卷调查的形式,对游客和古镇居民对文化景观的特色性感知进行调研分析。调查结果表明:居民和游客对于古镇文化景观要素特色都有较高的感知度;居民和游客对物质文化景观要素中的选址、街巷空间以及建筑特色的感知不存在差异,对非物质文化景观要素中的饮食文化也不存在感知差异,但对非物质文化景观要素中的民俗文化、节庆活动感知存在显著差异。主要原因在于民俗文化、节庆载体的不足以及表达方式缺失导致古镇文化景观所蕴含的特色资源不能充分展现。因此,针对以上调查结果,为提高游客对民俗文化和节庆活动的感知度,笔者提出相应的策略以提高古镇文化景观的特色性,促进古镇旅游行业持久发展。     

跨国精英移民的日常生活实践与根植性家的营造

流动性背景下，跨国精英移民如何在迁入地实践、重构和感知家，以实现长久居留既是现实问题也是学术问题。本文援引“根植性家（rooted home）”的地理学概念，采用半结构化深度访谈和观察法等质性研究方法，以根植性类型的跨国精英移民为研究对象，探究其日常生活实践与家的营造。研究发现：①跨国精英移民对家的根植性理解并非意味着他们“不流动”，而是在流动中与“过去的家”保持联系与平衡。②跨国精英移民对家的根植性实践表现在使用怀旧性的日常生活实践策略，涵盖物质性、情感性和外部性维度，其中物质性维度较易实现，而情感性和外部性维度即使是精英移民也难以实现。③流动性加深了对根植性类型跨国精英移民对“过去的家”的认同，并影响其对现在和未来的家的感知和去向的思考。研究借助日常生活视角补充和完善了“根植性家”的理论与实证，也为跨国精英移民的深度研究提供了可供参考的范本。     

从自防、协防到联防：安哥拉中国新移民的社会安全空间营造

论文以中国新移民在非洲的重要聚居国且社会安全问题突出的安哥拉为例,通过深度访谈、参与观察、跟踪调查等方法,研究探讨了中国新移民的群体特征及社会安全风险来源、中国新移民的社会安全空间营造历程、中国新移民的社会安全空间营造格局及其形成机制。研究发现,2012年之前,安全风险多来自华人族裔内部,此后主要面临当地人的暴力犯罪威胁。中国新移民通过自下而上的自组织社会安全空间营造,形成以在区隔中联结的"自防空间"为核心的差序社会安全空间格局,外部安全风险、当地侨领和中国驻安使馆共同促使这一格局得以形成。安哥拉中国新移民的社会安全空间营造实践对生活在其他安全问题突出国家的华侨华人具有积极借鉴意义。     

美国老年移民的社会融入研究 ——密西根州老年华人与墨西哥人的比较视角

论文采取问卷调查、个案访谈和实地考察的形式,从经济生活、政治参与、社会交往、文化认同四个方面,对美国密西根州老年华人和老年墨西哥人这两个移民群体的社会融入情况进行了比较研究。研究发现,两个群体的就业参与率、公民投票率等量化指标要远远低于外来移民的平均水平,文化认同上表现出对母国文化和传统习俗的坚守,社会交往呈现出族群内交往的特征。而两者相比较,老年华人的社会融入程度比老年墨西哥人更低。美国社会中的种族歧视是导致老年华人和老年墨西哥人社会融入程度偏低的外部原因,老年华人与老年墨西哥人的文化背景、价值观念、民族特性是导致其社会融入程度偏低的内部原因。他们往往重视经济利益而忽视政治权利,坚守文化认同而疏于社会参与,缺乏融入美国社会的环境和动力,从而形成了美国社会中的"隔坨"和"平行社会"。     

UNIQUE ISOLATION VERSUS NETWORKS OF OPPORTUNITY: THE COMPETING DISCOURSES OF TASMANIA

In order to understand why people move, we must first try to comprehend how they understand their migration decisions and recognize that such understandings are intricately tied to their understandings of places. Place construction – the way people understand and discuss the nature and meaning of places – occurs at all levels from individual constructions to constructions by economic and political interest groups. These place constructions necessarily influence each other, and hence they are in constant flux and reflect power relations evident in society. This article examines these issues in the context of the negative net migration of young adults in the Australian state of Tasmania through an examination of the experiences of thirty young return migrants who participated in in‐depth interviews and group discussions about their experiences of migration. It finds that bounded constructions of Tasmania – which stress the physical isolation and social and political insularity of the state as well as the uniqueness of the state's environment and society – appear to be dominant for these young returned migrants. However, the article argues that these bounded constructions necessarily exist in relation to networked constructions, which focus on the opportunities for people, ideas, goods and money to benefit through connections with other places as well as the loss of the uniqueness of the Tasmanian environment and society. This article concludes with a discussion of the political, economic and social consequences of these different forms of place construction.     

Onward Precarity,Mobility, and Migration among Latin Americans in London

Contributing to debates around the relationships between precarity, mobilities and migration, this paper examines the nature of precarity among onward Latin American (OLA) migrants as they have moved transnationally to multiple destinations from their homelands to southern Europe and onwards to London across different time periods. Drawing on primary research with over 400 OLAs, the discussion highlights how precarity maps onto onward migration trajectories in fractal rather than linear ways. In moving beyond a continuum approach to labour exploitation, the paper develops the concept of “onward precarity” to capture how migrants negotiate intersecting vulnerabilities in holistic spatio‐temporal ways as they move through different structural contexts across the world from origin, through transition to their final destination country over time. These negotiations are underpinned by multiple agentic tactics that revolve around resilience and reworking strategies as onward migrants traverse wider structures of disadvantage in situ and through mobility in different places.     

从异化到共鸣：旅游小企业主移民向往的生活

以喜洲旅游小企业主移民为例,从异化与共鸣理论视角探析旅游小企业主移民地理流动背后的深层动力机制。研究发现,喜洲旅游小企业主移民以地理流动作为重新组织个人工作与生活的契机,尝试改变自我与外部世界的关系,以抵抗自我在现代社会中的时间、空间、行动与物界方面的异化。尽管物理空间上的迁移使得他们断离了以往生活中的种种异化现象,在乡村生活中与自然世界、物质世界与社会世界的共鸣中获得了幸福感与认同感。然而社会空间上的连结、社会体制的内化与现代生活惯习的延续让他们无法做到真正意义上脱离异化。同时,乡村旅游目的地的现代化进程也使得旅游小企业主移民被动进入社会“再异化”的循环。异化与共鸣的多面性使得旅游小企业主移民的迁移过程形成了多层异化与共鸣的生活实践。     

季节性退休流动者“家”的地方依恋——以三亚为例

流动性的快速变化为理解发展中的城市和人口提供新的视角。“家”是流动的起点和中心,本研究以海南省三亚市为案例,借鉴地方依恋的三维框架,结合实地调研,从地方—人—心理过程三个维度探讨退休流动背景下老年人口多元居住中发展的与家相关的地方依恋和体验。研究发现：退休流动者在不断追寻非日常化体验、建构第二居所过程中,也未淡化对常住居所的地方依赖和认同,在常住居民和季节性住客的身份转变中,实现了双重朝向的家的地方依恋。多元家的体验既是全球化深度卷入的结果,也是后现代社会以儒家思想为基础的家的文化被不断重构的体现。研究批判审视中国传统文化中“家”的意义,发展中国情境下家的地方依恋的分析框架。     

Turbulent Lives: Exploring the Cultural Meaning of Regional Youth Migration

Migration is an important part of the lives of many young adults. In numerous areas around the world, and particularly in regional and remote areas, cultures have emerged where the migration of young adults is normalised and expected. While the impact of the migration of young adults on the areas they have left and have moved to has received considerable attention in both political and academic arenas, there is a need for more research that addresses the cultural meaning of migration and the importance of the migration process for young people themselves. The paper is based on two large research projects undertaken between 2000 and 2005, which focused on the experiences of migration of young adults in Tasmania, and includes data sourced from interviews and focus groups with young migrants as well as an analysis of media and policy documents. We discuss the ‘turbulent lives’ of young people in Tasmania, including the expectations and aspirations of young adults growing up in a culture in which migration is normalised and their experiences of leaving, and returning to, their childhood homes. These issues are considered in the context of recent theoretical debates surrounding the impact of mobility and attachment to place on the identities of migrants.     

REPRODUCING AND RESHAPING ETHNIC RESIDENTIAL SEGREGATION IN STOCKHOLM: THE ROLE OF SELECTIVE MIGRATION MOVES

This paper deals with the issues of selective migration moves, and the production and reproduction of immigrantdense neighbourhoods in Stockholm, Sweden. It has been shown earlier that selective migration, that is, socioeconomic and ethnic differences between those leaving, entering and staying in so‐called deprived neighbourhoods, reproduces these neighbourhoods' characteristics of being poor and immigrant dense. Key concepts launched to inform such studies and derived from the US segregation discourse are “white fight” and “white avoidance”, meaning that native people (or white people in the US case) tend to leave neighbourhoods experiencing growing numbers of immigrants (black people) and which they also tend to avoid moving into such neighbourhoods. Using a complete set of geo‐coded longitudinal individual data for the 2005–2008 Stockholm County population, this paper contributes to our understanding of ethnic differences in the intra‐urban migration system. Three empirical questions are addressed: what individual characteristics distinguish (1) those who move into neighbourhoods experiencing rapidly increasing immigrant densities from those moving elsewhere in the urban region; (2) those who leave neighbourhoods experiencing rapidly increasing immigrant densities from those who stay put; (3) those who move in the direction of higher immigrant densities from those moving into lower densities? Results from multivariate statistical analyses provide support for the avoidance hypothesis but less support for the fight hypothesis. When controlling for a range of individual and neighbourhood attributes there is clear evidence that native‐born Swedes are less inclined than most immigrant categories to move into immigrant dense areas while ethnic origin does not seem to matter much when explaining who leaves such areas.     

TOWARDS A CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK OF PLACE ATTRACTIVENESS: A MIGRATION PERSPECTIVE

The attractiveness of places is currently gaining a high policy salience in policymakers' efforts to draw mobile capital. Yet, while there are a growing number of empirical studies considering the migration of people and the attractiveness of places, there is an acute lack of conceptual understanding of the phenomena that hamper discussions between researchers and policymakers. This article suggests a conceptual framework whereby place attractiveness can be better understood from a migration perspective. The empirical material for this article mainly draws upon interviews that were carried out with migrants who seem to have considered at least one alternative in their search for a suitable destination. The conceptual framework, which comprises the main result of the article, illustrates that needs, demands and preferences are central and empirically identifiable components for properly appreciating place attractiveness in a migration context. It is argued that the attractiveness of places increases with the successive fulfilment of these factors; but on the other hand, the more factors a migrant seeks to fulfil in his or her destination selection, the fewer the choice possibilities. The article moreover shows how a life-course perspective needs to be integrated in such analyses since not only do migrants' needs, demands and preferences depend upon their current life-course phase situation, their resources and constraints are also likely to correlate with the life-course. The conceptual framework can be used to ease understanding between researchers and policymakers in issues related to place attractiveness and the migration of relatively affluent migrants with choice opportunities.     

Satisfaction with Sunbelt Migration

Migration to non-metropolitan areas of high environmental amenity and low population is a lifestyle choice made by a small percentage of people on or about the age of retirement from the workforce Although the proportion of older people involved is low, their numbers are significant to host towns. An aspect of retirement migration which has received little attention by researchers in Australia is the extent to which such moves realise hoped for benefits for the migrants. This paper reports results of interviews undertaken in 1986 with 146 people who had migrated, on or about retirement, to the New South Wales north coast town of Port Macquarie. Several indicators of life and place satisfaction were used They all showed high absolute and relative levels of satisfaction. Although there was tittle dissatisfaction with the results of moves, search behaviour undertaken prior to moving and a number of personal characteristics of migrants, are analysed to explain some variance in satisfaction levels.     

THE IMPACT OF MIGRATION ON MOBILITY OF OTHER FAMILY MEMBERS IN THAILAND

The effect of initial migration of a household member on the subsequent migration of other household members is investigated. Previous research has documented the strong impact of migration experience in predicting future migration. This article builds on this experience by adopting a social network approach to explain the association between an initial migration from a household and the subsequent migration of other household members. Differentials in socio-economic characteristics of subsequent migrants and factors associated with the encouragement of subsequent migration by initial migrants are analysed. Longitudinal data from the Kanchanaburi Demographic Surveillance System, which allow for accurate modelling of the flow and pattern of subsequent migration, and which help to highlight the importance of household social networks on the migration decisions of left-behind household members, are used. The results indicate that the number of male and female initial migrants in the household, duration of initial migration, relationship to initial migrant, and number of migrants in the village are factors most likely to predict a subsequent move.     

农业文化遗产地社区居民旅游影响感知与态度——哈尼梯田的生计影响探讨

探讨了农业文化遗产地旅游影响的构成及度量方法,并以红河哈尼梯田为例开展了旅游影响感知和居民态度的实证研究。研究表明,旅游对传统农业生计的影响着实存在,居民感知强烈,并且居民在生计方面的影响感知对其遗产保护态度（包括维持传统农业生产）、旅游发展态度具有显著后向影响,而经济、社会文化影响感知对旅游发展态度具有显著作用。未来旅游实践中需充分重视对传统农业生计的影响,积极发挥旅游在保障传统生计、提升生计输出等方面的正向作用,通过构建“观光权”入股等模式,关联居民生计与旅游发展。