New light on old pumice: the origins of Mediterranean volcanic material from ancient Egypt

This paper presents and discusses the Neutron Activation Analysis (NAA) results newly obtained from pumice pieces found decades ago at the Egyptian sites of Maiyana, Sedment, Kahun, and Amarna – now in the collections of the Ashmolean Museum, Oxford, and the Petrie Museum of Egyptian Archaeology, London – which could be successfully related to several volcanic eruptions in the Mediterranean. The work contributes to the constant accumulation of knowledge concerning the first appearance of pumice from the so-called Minoan eruption of the Santorini volcano. In addition, it unexpectedly sheds more light on the long-distance trade of Mediterranean volcanic material in the Bronze Age world by disclosing another connection between Lipari and the Eastern Mediterranean.     

Jeux de corps,Enjeux de pouvoir: New light on the history of French sport

Comite des Travaux Historiques et Scientifiques, Jeux et sports dans l'histoire (Editions du CTHS, 1992). Tome 1: Associations et politiques, 330pp, 360F.; Tome 2: Pratiques sportives, 400pp., 360F., ISBN 2 735 50245 7 and 2 735 50246 5

Hubscher, R., (sous la direction de), L'Histoire en mouvements: Le sport dans la société française (XIXe‐XXe siècle) (Armand Colin, 1992), 560pp., 290F., ISBN 2 200 37238 8

Rauch, A., Boxe, violence du XXème siècle (Aubier, 1992), 427pp., 180F., ISBN 2 700 72241 8     

Editorial Not all sweetness and light: New cultural geographies of food

Despite a resurgence of work that has begun to examine critically the artefactual mediation of memory, very few accounts have focused upon the interconnections between recorded music and daily acts of remembering. Drawing upon in‐depth case study‐based research into recorded music and everyday life with seventeen lower middle‐class households, this paper describes the composition of three practices of remembering with and through recorded music. First, remembering how to choose and ‘fit’ specific purchased music to particular socio‐spatial activities: a creative practice of mimicry, discretion and intuition in which the past is both embodied in the actions of judgement and choice and also functions to compose a co‐present, but not‐yet ‘virtual’ realm. Second, the widespread, ephemeral and subject‐less practice of ‘involuntary remembering’ in which a trace of a virtual past affects ‘in itself’. Finally, ‘intentional remembering’ in which a past is conditioned to occur as a fixed, relatively durable ‘memory’. The paper describes how such practices of remembering are bound up with the emergence of domestic time‐space, and thus the mode of being of the past, via the circulation and organization of affect.     

New light on the personal identification of a skeleton of a member of Sir John Franklin’s last expedition to the Arctic, 1845

In 1845, an expedition, commanded by Sir John Franklin, set out to try and discover the north-west passage. All 129 men on this ill-fated voyage perished. Over the years, skeletal remains associated with the final throes of the expedition have been located on and near King William Island, Nunavut, in the Canadian arctic. In general, even a tentative personal identification for these remains has proved impossible. An exception is some skeletal remains that were recovered in 1869 and brought back to England and interred beneath the memorial to the Franklin expedition in Greenwich. In the 19th century, these were tentatively identified as of one of HMS Erebus’s lieutenants, Henry Le Vesconte, a conclusion that has been widely accepted in studies of the Franklin voyage. Renovations to the monument in 2009 provided an opportunity for scientific examination of the remains, and to re-evaluate the personal identification made nearly 140 years before. The current work, which is the first modern scientific analysis of a fairly complete skeleton associated with the Franklin voyage, describes the remains and the artefacts interred with them, discusses the pathological conditions present, and evaluates the personal identification using osteological techniques and isotope geochemistry. Results indicate that the remains are of an adult male of European ancestry. Although some writers have suggested that scurvy or tuberculosis may have been important causes of morbidity and mortality on the Franklin expedition, osteological analysis and, in the case of tuberculosis, DNA analysis, provided no evidence for their presence in these remains. Isotopic studies indicate that the personal identification as Le Vesconte is unlikely to be correct. From the isotopic results and forensic facial reconstruction, HDS Goodsir, an assistant surgeon on the expedition, appears a more likely identification, but the results do not allow a firm conclusion.     

Chocolate on the Borderlands of New Spain

In modern grocery stores, chocolate is a small item dwarfed in the allotted shelf space by its bitter cousins, coffee and tea. Yet, in the first three centuries of the post-Columbian era, the cacao-based drink, once reserved for the elites of Mesoamerica, was transformed into a beverage that was enjoyed across the Spanish colonial world and beyond to the rest of Europe and the respective colonial empires. We explore the archaeological and documentary evidence from both shipwreck and terrestrial sites in the borderland region of New Spain including California, Texas, Florida, Arizona, and the Philippines to illustrate the presence and use of chocolate from the sixteenth through nineteenth centuries. We show that the study of chocolate on the fringes of New Spain provides a lens for understanding the dynamics of larger issues surrounding the birth of the modern global economy.     

Cretaceous avian remains from Patagonia shed new light on the early radiation of birds

The anatomy of a new articulated enantiornithine bird skeleton from the Late Cretaceous of Patagonia clearly indicates a capacity for powered flight, approaching that of modern birds. Enantiornithines possess some of the synapomorphies of the Ornithurae, although they retain plesiomorphic states for many other characters, mainly in the hind limb. Such a mosaic character combination suggests a sister-group relationship between Enantiornithes and Ornithurae. Derived features of the pectoral girdle are here considered as diagnostic for a major avian clade, the Ornithopectae, comprising all known birds other than Archaeopteryx. The combination of derived and primitive traits in the fore and hind limbs and their girdles in early ornithopectines reflects mosaic evolution, with flight-related modifications of the fore limb and pectoral girdle preceding those in the hind limb and pelvic girdle.     

新空间 新网络 新角色——博客对海外新移民与中国互动的影响

以新兴的网络传播手段——博客作为切入点,分析了海外华人新移民博客社区的种类和组织形态;阐述了海外华人新移民通过博客与中国社会互动的意义、方式及影响。通过博客这一新的互动工具和平台,海外新移民可更加直接而生动地了解中国变化,了解中国人的最新思维、心态和社会变迁;拓宽自身更大的社会交往空间、话语渠道、传播途径和社会影响;与中国原住地的原有关系保持思想上的无边界的联系,甚至参与中国的改变进程。     

Expanding the discursive domain of research on the New Culture Movement: An incomplete review of studies on the New Culture Movement

ABSTRACT

The discussions revolving around the common subject of the New Culture Movement have experienced a complex and convoluted history, with a discursive domain ranging from the differentiation of new and old culture, to appeals for a scientific and democratic enlightenment, to the balancing of the cultural relationship between China and the West. The New Culture tends to be regarded as development in the direction of increasing rationality, liberality, and inclusiveness, in which the pursuit of an understanding between the Chinese and Western cultures is the only path by which Chinese civilization may gain future opportunities and development.     

夏王朝都城新探

夏王朝时期的都城设置复杂多变。禹之政治中心阳城位于今河南登封市告成镇北,同时禹可能又在晋南分设三个辅助性的政治中心。启时期的政治中心应在颍水上游地带,位于禹州市境内的阳翟与位于新密市境内的黄台之丘两者并存,同为启之都的可能性很大。太康至桀期间,夏王朝以伊洛盆地的斟寻为都。二里头遗址应为夏都斟寻,其始建于太康时期,止于夏桀之末,中间未经中断或废弃。文献所载的商丘、斟灌、原、老丘、西河、安邑等夏都,不属于一都制前提下、废旧立新性质的都邑,有的甚至不能算作严格意义上的都邑。其可分为三种类型:一是后羿代夏期间夏王朝的临时性政治中心,如商丘、斟灌等;二是夏王朝因政治、军事需要而设立的辅助性都城,如原、老丘、西河等;三是桀都斟寻被商汤攻陷之后的逃难之地,如安邑。     

华人新移民在澳大利亚、新西兰的生存适应分析

澳大利亚、新西兰自上世纪七八十年代开始实行面向亚洲的政策以来 ,来自亚太地区不同国家的华人移民以及其他亚裔移民大量移进这两个国家。他们在异国他乡面临着以高失业率为主要特征的生存危机。但这一包括中国大陆新移民的华人群体 ,克服重重困难 ,站稳脚跟 ,逐步积累 ,取得了初步的成功     

新制度经济学的分析方法评述

新制度经济学是目前经济学领域最前沿的研究方向之一,日渐受到社会各界尤其是经济学界的密切关注,本详细论述了新制度经济学的产生、分析方法、与制度学派的区别、新制度经济学的贡献与局限以及新制度经济学的最新发展。     

《诗》篇新证

传统《诗经》研究,由于局限于材料,往往在名物训诂、义理文意等问题上各持一端,纠缠不清。但随着考古学与古文字学的发展,将新出土材料与传统文献结合,进行整合性研究的条件已经具备。在此基础上,运用“二重证据法”,分别针对《诗·叔于田》的诗序;《诗·大叔于田》的成诗年代;以及《诗·大叔于田》、《诗·小戎》等诗篇中的具体问题,结合历史背景,驳斥前论谬说,梳理诗中名物,还原诗旨文意,以求做到实物与诗互证、诗与史相映。     

New experimental data on the distance of sling projectiles

The range of stones cast by slings used in the past is debated. In the Central Andes, slings are asserted to be important weapons of prehispanic war, and have been recovered archaeologically. Rolled river cobbles and stones presumed to be slingstones found at fortified hilltop archaeological sites are presented as evidence that slings were used at these fortifications. Yet sling use has not been adequately tested at hillforts. Experiments conducted in Europe by a novice slinger have attempted to illuminate the range of sling cast stones at ancient hillforts. Data acquired from native slingers is necessary to more accurately assess distances achieved by projectiles launched by slings. We present data from sling experiments carried out in Puno, Perú among Quechua-speaking herders who are experienced slingers. The results demonstrate that a prior model of the maximum theoretical distance of sling cast stones underestimates their range. Results also show significant differences in the use of slings by men and women, and by different age groups. These new data permit a better approximation of warfare that has bearing on our interpretation of fortified sites.     

新型工业博物馆初探

工业博物馆是博物馆的一个重要类别,是以收藏、保护、研究、展示和宣传承载工业发展进程、成果和文化的物质及非物质遗产为目的的非营利性常设机构。2018年,工业和信息化部对国内488家工业博物馆进行了摸底调查,统计数据显示,当前工业博物馆存在功能定位局限性强、展陈设计创新性差、自主办馆能力弱等问题。在这一背景下,文章提出了新型工业博物馆的概念,并以正在规划建设的湖南株洲工业博物馆为例,探讨新型工业博物馆的设计思路。     

齐侯壶新研

齐侯壶记载了齐侯越礼而为陈氏服丧的事情,其礼直比诸侯。这一记载有助于我们理解为何海阳嘴子前墓葬会使用七鼎殉葬。铭文中的"二天子",与楚简中的"二天子"相同,指舜之二妃,都与陈国祭祀有关。从陈与齐、陈与楚的关系入手,可以理清这一问题。     

关于新时期历史阶段划分的几点思考

随着历史的不断发展,新时期的历史逐渐成为史学研究的重点。如何对新时期做出科学的阶段划分,是研究这段历史的一个首要问题。理论界对新时期的概念、新时期的上下限、历史阶段的具体划分等问题存在着不同的认识,架构中国特色的历史分期理论体系,对中国史学乃至中共党史、中华人民共和国史理论的发展都是很有意义的。当然对新时期的历史做出阶段性的划分,只是研究工作的第一步。要把新时期波澜壮阔的历史进程生动展现出来,还要进行认真的、大量的理论和史料准备,进行艰苦的、深入的研究和论证,以推动研究的进一步深入。     

美国的印第安人新政研究

美国学术界对20世纪30年代印第安人新政的研究可以分为三个阶段。第一个阶段是研究的初期阶段,主要以新政改革参与者和同时代学者为主,多颂扬印第安人新政。第二个阶段是印第安人新政研究的快速发展时期,美国学者开始重新思考和评价这一重大改革举措,对印第安人新政的批评和指责也越来越多。第三个阶段为全面繁荣时期,传统印第安人史学与新兴族裔史学遥相呼应,对印第安人新政的批评与赞扬交织于一起。     

《算经十书》校勘的新进展——《算经十书》郭书春、刘钝校点评介

《算经十书》的校勘,是自清乾嘉以来中国数学史界的一项重要研究课题。这次由中国科学院自然科学史研究所郭书春、刘钝研究员校点的《算经十书》,是在总结和吸取前人经验和教训,并对各校勘本深入研究,加以甄别基础上的新校勘。此校勘本的出版,标志着《算经十书》校勘的工作达到了一个新的更高阶段。     

定窑瓷器分期新探——以辽墓、辽塔出土资料为中心

河北曲阳定窑.是北方地区晚唐至宋金深具影响的瓷窑之一.定窑瓷器的分期,很早就引起学者关注.分期结论见仁见智①.定窑窑址发掘工作相对薄弱,窑址出土瓷器信息刊布滞后②,故目前定窑瓷器的分期,主要依靠窑址之外的出土资料.