列宁晚年民主执政思想及其当代启示

民主执政是共产党执政规律的客观反映。列宁晚年在重新认识社会主义的过程中,提出了没有民主,就没有社会主义的思想。在领导苏俄社会主义政治建设的过程中,不断形成了一套特色鲜明、符合俄国实际的具有普遍指导和深远意义的民主执政思想。在不断推进政治体制改革,社会主义民主政治建设取得重大进展的今天,列宁晚年的民主执政思想仍然彰显着极强的时代价值,给我们重要的有益启示。     

陈独秀晚年民主宪政思想的内容

陈独秀不是中国民主宪政史上的第一人,却是至关重要的人物之一。民主宪政思想终其一生,其晚年的民主宪政思想是对苏联社会主义民主问题的深刻批判和总结。本文基于陈独秀晚年的六封书信和四篇短论,重新对其1937年到1942年的民主宪政观予以梳理。     

黄遵宪晚年思想三题

黄遵宪晚年思想三题左鹏军黄遵宪晚年思想中的三个问题,即他对太平天国农民起义的态度,他对晚清重要政治人物曾国藩的评价,他在君主立宪和民主共和两种政治思想之间的选择,对研究黄遵宪其人,尤其是他的思想相当重要。学界对此也进行了一些探讨并取得了相应的结论,比...     

陈独秀晚年民主宪政思想时间的界定

2000年后,陈独秀晚年民主宪政思想研究趋热,但晚年时期的界定则没有定论,本文在总结以往研究的基础上,针对晚年民主宪政问题提出独到见解。     

论陈独秀晚年思想的回归

陈独秀是新文化运动的倡导者,马克思主义在中国的重要传播者,他在晚年进行反思,在民主理论上有了重大转变。本文对陈独秀晚年思想的内容和转变原因进行分析和探讨。     

抗战时期毛泽东的民主政治思想

抗战时期毛泽东的民主政治思想白贵一民主政治理论是毛泽东思想宝库中的重要内容。抗战时期,是毛泽东民主政治观定型和进一步发展的重要阶段。本文拟对毛泽东抗战时期的民主政治思想作一全面系统的探讨和分析。一毛泽东民主政治思想的内容接受马克思主义之前,毛泽东民主...     

战后张君劢的社会主义新思考

战后张君劢的民主观念具有"人权保障"、"社会主义"和"民主方法"的三重丰富内涵;晚年张君劢则摆脱了计划经济思想的笼罩,并进一步确认了民主社会主义的基本价值和多元主义的哲学基础.总体而言,回到康德对于人的基本价值的确认,成为张君劢战后以至晚年民主社会主义思想的基本出发点,他的新思考亦与二战后期以降欧美思想界的潮流变动及所谓"社会主义之方向转变"密切关联.     

晚清民国时期唐绍仪“民主共和”政治思想的历史考察

“民主共和”是唐绍仪政治思想的重要组成部分。唐绍仪幼年赴美留学期间是其“民主共和”思想萌芽的重要时期;第一次南北和谈期间,唐绍仪初步公开了他“民主共和”的政治思想;担任民国第一任内阁总理后,唐绍仪“民主共和”的政治思想日益公开化,并具体化为对西方民主制度中内阁、国会、约法等要素的效仿和学习;此后,唐绍仪在辞任内阁总理及与袁世凯决裂等事件中,体现出对“民主共和”思想的维护和贯彻。袁世凯去世后,愈发紧张的“内忧外患”局势及此前“民主共和”实践中的受挫均使唐绍仪认识到,“和平”对国家和人民十分重要,动荡时期国会和约法不可持续,由此,在“民主共和”思想中加入了“和平”这一思想前提。这也体现出唐绍仪的“民主共和”思想与中国国情和时局发展的联系日益紧密,其“民主共和”思想逐渐走向成熟。     

基督宗教与西方民主政治的渊源

西方政治文化是个内涵相当宽广而丰富的概念,其主流是基督教信仰和人权、民主思想。本文主要从人权意识的产生、同意思想、代议制民主的出现、三权分立几个方面论述了基督教对西方民主政治的影响,以说明基督教与西方民主政治的深厚渊源。     

雅典民主政治的危机与民主信仰的重塑

以人民主权为基本原则、以公民广泛参与国家管理为基本特征的雅典民主政治,在公元前5世纪取得了辉煌的胜利,使雅典成为希腊世界的政治和文化中心。但人民主权的发展,也使民主政治与法治之间的紧张凸显。伯罗奔尼撒战争中雅典遭遇的败局,富有阶层对民主政治在政治上和思想上的反对,令民主政治遭遇严重挑战。公元前5世纪末民主政治重建后,通过实现公民和解、提升法律权威、整顿思想,成功重树了对民主政治的信仰,确保了公元前4世纪雅典民主政治的稳定。     

Telling small stories: spaces of knowledge and the practice of geography

This article examines how the practice of learning geography, and the arenas in which knowledge-making takes place, can be usefully positioned within changing histories of the discipline. It contends that networks of action – understood through the intersection of social sites, subjects and sources – present a conceptual framework and narrative focus for the re-consideration of specific episodes from geography's past. The interventions made here are informed and illustrated by a 'small story' about the doing of geography. Based on different personal accounts, the story revives a series of events, encounters, dialogues and images dating back to the winter of 1951 at Glenmore Lodge, Scotland. This educational institution in the Cairngorm mountains offered children from urban areas the opportunity to learn field studies and the skills of 'outdoor citizenship'. Initially, the focus falls on Margaret Jack, a 14-year-old field-course participant. Her learning experiences are traced through personal letters, a diary and a field journal dating from that time, and her recent recollections of this event. Margaret's account dovetails with the story of her field studies instructor, Robin Murray. Robin's role is traced through his learning experiences as a geography undergraduate at Aberdeen University, and the recent recollections of Catriona Murray, his wife.     

Das Wissen der Schulden. Recht,Kulturtechnik und Alltagserfahrung im liberalen Kapitalismus

The Knowledge of Debt: Law, Media Technique, and Everyday Experience in Liberal Capitalism. Performing an object such as ‘the economy’ hinges on practices of formatting knowledge. The article proposes to look at such instituting moments in connection with social conflicts over the legitimate rules of exchange. This is exemplified by way of recounting the story of the codification of Swiss bankruptcy law in 1889. In order to homogenize the legal procedures of debt collection and bankruptcy, two subject categories were instituted: ‘merchants’ and ‘non-merchants’. These different categories were thought to account for the diverging temporalities and spaces of credit exchange in everyday economic life. The introduction of the commercial register, a media-technical apparatus, enabled a formal distinction between ‘merchants’ and ‘non-merchants’. However, this boundary was contested and proved to be porose.     

Two radiocarbon dates for freshwater shells from hierakonpolis: Archaeological and geological interpretations

Shells of two species of freshwater bivalve (Unio willcocksi Bullen Newton and Etheria elliptica Lamarck) from the predynastic Gerzean (Nagada II) Decorated Tomb at Hierakonpolis, Egypt have given dates of 5000±90 bp for the tomb, and 12,900±120 bp for an episode of Nile terrace accumulation (correlated here with the Sahaba-Darau aggradation event). The archaeological and geological significance of these results is discussed, together with an outline of problems associated with radiocarbon dating of shell. Comparisons are made with the few other radiocarbon dates available for the Predynastic period in Egypt and possible reasons for the presence of shells in the tomb are considered.     

Some chronological implications of a fossil molluscan assemblage from a neolithic site at Brook,Kent, England

The later post-glacial history of a valley in the chalk escarpment near Brook, Kent, is described, based on molluscan stratigraphy, archaeological evidence and radio-carbon dating. Differences in size and colour banding, respectively, of fossil and living representatives of two species of land snails, Pomatias elegans (Müller) and Cepaea nemoralis (L.), are correlated with climatic change during the post-glacial period. The problems of the use of fossil shells of these species as samples for radiocarbon dating are discussed.     

China's Dynamic Industrial Sector: The Internet Industry

A Singapore-based economic geographer explores and analyzes the spatially uneven evolution of the Internet industry in China, arguing that the country's immense regional disparity in the provision of Internet services is best explained by the interplay of place- and path-dependence. The author demonstrates how the highly uneven regional endowments in relevant industrial and entrepreneurial resources have led to the substantial and persistent regional imbalance within China's emerging "new economy." His initial survey of the country's 100 leading Internet content providers (firms), identified from a listing of ca. 11,700 commercial websites, is selectively augmented to reflect an increase of over 70 million Internet users in 2007, reaching a total of 253 million in June 2008, and thus overtaking the United States as the world's largest Internet market. Journal of Economic Literature, Classification Numbers: L10, L86, O30. 6 figures, 1 table, 53 references.     

The 1911 International Exposition in Rome: architecture, archaeology, and national identity

This paper discusses the 1911 International Exposition in Rome and illustrates how this patriotic celebration of the fiftieth anniversary of the Italian Sate utilized symbolic landscapes of architecture and archaeology to promote nationalist sentiments of italianità and romanità centered on the young capital of Rome. Through modern art exhibitions at the Valle Giulia, scientific conferences at the Castel Sant’Angelo, archaeological exhibits on the Roman Empire in the Baths of Diocletian, and regional Italian pavilions in the Piazza d’Armi, exposition officials offered a complex representation of Italian national identity that was modern yet ancient, cosmopolitan yet bucolic, European yet regional, and imperial yet developing.     

The Rise and Fall of Alexander the Great – The Need for Medical Analysis: Reply to Commentaries

Alexander the Great died in 323 B.C. from an unknown cause. By elucidating the nature of his death, we can better interpret various aspects of Alexandrian history. Alexander’s death may have ensued from the sequelae of a congenital scoliotic syndrome. It would therefore be of significance to note that one of the greatest leaders in history who conquered much of the then known world may have been suffering from a physical disability.     

Hospital Drama: Visual Theatres of the Medical Rendezvous from Asylum to Hospital with Reference to Specific Works by Anna Furse

Abstract

This paper is informed by Furse’s practice as a theatre maker in two fields of output that are connected by two factors: first, the presence of the woman patient — hysteric/subfertile respectively — within the clinical gaze; second, the significance of the womb to each pathology. In the treatment of each (explored in Furse’s theatre), lens based technologies play their part, whilst the cultural and medical can be seen to have overlapped to produce specific meaning with regard to Her body and its spectacularity. The article presents an overview of some of the key issues in precisely how the woman’s body becomes spectacular within this prosthetic medical gaze and how the medical — and theatrically designed spaces to represent these — become meaningful and potent proxemics that in turn inform medical/ theatrical spectatorship. Overarching nineteenth-century protocols at the Salpêtrière Hospital in Paris (where Furse’s Augustine (Big Hysteria) is set) to contemporary imaging technologies used in the treatment of subfertility with Assisted Reproduction Technologies (the topic of her Art of A.R.T. projects), it examines the way in which photography develops through cinema to X-Ray, ultrasound and then 3D/4D ultrasound to ‘capture’ the woman’s body in ways by which she becomes muted and exposed. These occular technologies that extend the gaze, first to an exterior subject and then, eventually, traversing the flesh without knife, lend specific performativity to the ‘patient’ women, within the context of hysterias and reproductive impairments respectively. Finally, issues of suspension of disbelief are addressed. The spectator’s faith in the screen-based image of Her spectacular body is interrupted in Furse’s work, which is also keenly interested in the effect of such imagery on the woman’s sense of Self. The historical and cultural leaps in this article argue that there is indeed a trajectory through the history of medical imaging since the first application of photography to anatomy to the more advanced scoping technologies of medical imaging today, and that in each era, the production of these images remain fraught with cultural implications.     

The Death of Alexander the Great – A Spinal Twist of Fate

Alexander the Great died in 323 B.C. from an unknown cause. Physical depictions of this historical figure reveal the likelihood of a cervical scoliotic deformity. This is substantiated with the medical history and is correlated with his untimely death. For the first time, it is concluded that Alexander’s death may have ensued from the sequelae of a congenital scoliotic syndrome.