Immigration,Ancestry and Residence in Sydney

The paper examines the ancestry of Europeans in Sydney and that of the two largest non European groups. Spatial divergence occurs between the English, Scottish and Irish, and divergence from those of Australian ancestry. Residential persistence across generations occurs with persons of Greek, Italian, Maltese and Dutch origins, but not spatial segmentation. While there is greater language persistence in Greek and Italian second and third settlement concentrations, few third generation persons speak their ancestral language at home. The Chinese and Lebanese are compared with Greek and Italian ancestry in their areas of strongest representation. First generation Chinese are evident in areas of both low and high socioeconomic status, but without third generation language persistence. An evolving ethnic mix in Sydney is indicated.     

Theory and methods in settlement studies

Ruth S. Tringham, ed. Ecology and Agricultural Settlements: An Ethnographic and Archaeological Perspective. Andover, Mass.: ‘Warner Modular Publications, 1973. Unpaginated (ca. vi + 146 pp.). Tables, figures, and notes. (paper).

Ruth S. Tringham, ed. Territoriality and Proxemics: Archaeological and Ethnographic Evidence for the Use and Organization of Space. Andover, Mass.: Warner Modular Publications, 1973. Unpaginated (ca. vi + 115 pp.). Tables, figures, and notes. (paper)

Ruth S. Tringham, ed. Urban Settlements: The Process of Urbanization in Archaeological Settlements. Andover, Mass.: Warner Modular Publications, 1973. Unpaginated (ca. vi + 122pp.). Tables, figures, andnotes. (paper).     

越南华裔在美国的生存与适应

根据散落于相关研究文献和数据中有关越南华裔的资料,对1975年以后华裔逃离越南并定居美国的历史过程、生活适应、地位获得和族群认同等方面的大致状况作一个梳理,旨在加强越南华裔问题研究。结果表明,两次移民潮中,抵达美国的越南华裔难民约30-50万人,寻找亲人、取得族裔社区的支持和族裔聚居区的形成成为应对政府分散安置政策的方案;文化适应与经济成就落后于越南裔,但近20多年来取得了一些值得称道的成就;其族群认同建构于以共同的原居住地、居住国为背景和多元文化的基础之上。结论是,越南华裔还没有完全融入其他美国华裔之中,而是形成了一个既认同于美国华裔、又与越南裔有一定联系的相对独立的华人“次族群”。     

Vietnamese Aging and Marital Sexual Behavior in Comparative Perspective

This study examines marital sexual activity in relation to age and its significance for marital relationships in Vietnam with particular attention to older persons. Results are compared with Thailand and the US. Two regional surveys provide the first quantitative assessment of marital sex in Vietnam. As elsewhere, marital sexual activity declines with age. At older ages, substantial proportions of married Vietnamese are sexually inactive. Levels of activity among older Vietnamese and Thais are remarkably similar and substantially lower than in the US. Contrary to US studies, the frequency of sexual activity shows little relationship to marital satisfaction and harmony in Vietnam. Possible explanations for these differences are discussed in terms of biases in the data, differences in health and living arrangements, and societal, cultural and normative contexts. We speculate that a main reason underlying the differences is a lesser societal emphasis on sex in general and on the importance of sexual and physical intimacy in marital relationships in Vietnam and Thailand than in the US.     

Disadvantage and ‘Otherness' in Western Sydney

The construction of western Sydney as Sydney's ‘other’ has played a role in its historic underprovision of human services compared to the Sydney region as a whole. Issues of difference, disadvantage, identity and the representations of western Sydney are analysed for their contribution to its provision of services, with planning for higher education given as an example. Some service provision decisions seem to based on a notion of innate disadvantage rather than disadvantage brought about by structural inequities. These structural inequities include the historical underprovision of human services. An understanding of the ‘othering’ of western Sydney is necessary in order to prevent a vicious cycle of underprovision and disadvantage arising in the future.     

The pattern of lordship and feudal settlement in Cumbria

One indirect index of attitudes toward women, as well as their actual position in the medieval Church, can be gained through a collective study of saints' lives. For on one level, membership in the heavenly city reflected the earthly society of the middle ages. Although in theory the Church professed a policy of spiritual egalitarianism, in reality it was much more difficult for women than for men to transcend their sex and enter the ranks of the celestial hierarchy. The rather wide discrepancy in sanctity (approximately 85% of the saints of this period were male), can be explained in part by the exclusion of women from leadership roles in the secular Church hierarchy. However, certain periods were more conducive than others to the making of women saints. Women had a greater prominence, as reflected by their selection as saints, in the initial stages of the various movements of the Church. As the Church became more secure, right- minded and ultimately regularized and reformed, the premature enthusiasm for women waned. A backlash resulted in which women were viewed as liabilities and generally suspect. They were denied opportunities for a prominence in the religious community, a ‘visibility’ upon which sanctity was predicated.     

A Sydney and Melbourne comparison of intra-urban differentials in unemployment rates

This article reports on multiple regression analyses of unemployment rates in the local government areas of Sydney and Melbourne which show that the spatial inequalities in unemployment risks may be greater in Sydney than in Melbourne. It explores the reasons for the difference and their implications for future trends in spatial inequalities.     

论香港越南难民和船民问题的缘起

越南难民和船民问题长期困扰香港之原因,可运用“推拉理论”做一解释。美国发动越南战争及其后来的败退,越南新政府在对内和对外政策上的失误及越南当局为牟利而参与实质上的“难民贸易”活动等,成为难民流动的推力因素;而香港宽容的难民政策、特殊的地理位置及西方媒体的信息诱导等因素,成为吸引难民外流的拉力因素。     

Settlement Dimensions of the Vietnam-Born Population in Metropolitan Sydney

Australia has the largest Indochinese population per capita in the world, and Sydney supported sizeable populations from Vietnam in 1986. These populations became socially visible because of physical characteristics and clustering and have generated the response by some commentators that ghettos are forming. This paper examines the extent of residential concentration of Vietnamese-bom population in Sydney and changes over time in the distribution of settlement with reference to new immigration and internal migration. Gravitation group migration has reinforced concentration, but the result has not been ghettos, although there have been specific local problems of unemployment and housing access which may constrain residential mobility for some time. Manufacturing and residential restructuring have affected unemployment and have constrained dispersion. Institutional factors have reinforced concentration. Some residential mobility will be required for entry into a diversity of labour markets, if unemployment is to be reduced in the context of the restructuring of manufacturing production.