从“故宫”到“故宫博物院”——单霁翔院长专访

从利用皇宫旧址建立博物馆到真正成为一个博物馆,需要经历一个转型阶段,其衡量标志是向公众开放、传播文化、为社会及社会发展服务、履行博物馆功能和职能。故宫博物院单霁翔院长认为,依托故宫旧址建立的故宫博物馆,在其90余年的发展历程中,加强原址建筑及环境的修缮保护,摸清家底、整理典藏,不断扩大开放面积、开辟更多展区,综合运用多种展示手段举办更多展览,加强数字故宫建设,加强科学研究,拓展公众服务、提升服务质量,发展文创事业,切实履行了博物馆的各项职能和功能,实现了从故宫到故宫博物院的转型,并在走向世界一流博物馆的历程上迈进。     

革命旧址保护规划研究——以工农革命军第一军第一师师部与团部旧址为例

近现代重要史迹及代表性建筑是我国文化遗产中不可缺少的部分,独特的时代特色和密切的社会关联性使之别具一格,其价值特征也各不相同。革命旧址作为我国近现代重要史迹及代表性建筑类文物的突出代表,其保护与利用不仅可使革命精神进一步弘扬,而且对促进革命老区经济社会的快速发展具有重要意义。综合分析了工农革命军第一军第一师师部与团部旧址的保护现状及其存在问题,结合旧址历史、科学、艺术等价值的评估,从保护区划、保护措施、展示规划、环境规划等方面着手,通过划定保护范围及建设控制地带,采取工程加固、修缮清理等保护措施,制定展示工程与路线,明确环境治理目标与内容等的研究,阐述了旧址保护的基本框架和模式,旨在推进革命旧址类文化遗产的保护与可持续发展。     

历史展示与文化阐释——美国历史住宅博物馆相关问题探讨

美国的历史住宅博物馆主要是由曾作为居所的历史建筑改建而成的一类博物馆,也是历史建筑保护和展示的方式之一。博物馆通过复原室内历史场景,让观众体验和了解历史;以物质文化来解读历史,其展示内容受到社会发展的影响,也试图通过对历史的表述来影响人们的观念。关于展示内容"真实性"的讨论,又涉及了博物馆实务与展览理念。同时,美国这些故居旧宅改建的博物馆对我国的建筑遗产保护实践亦有借鉴意义。     

全国重点文物保护单位青岛水师饭店旧址保护利用探研

文物建筑是历史文化遗产的重要组成部分,是城市建设发展过程中的重点保护对象,也是推动城市发展的重要着力点。文物建筑活化利用,可以兴产业、促消费、促投资,是推动城市高质量发展、打造新经济增长点的重要一极。文物建筑在保护修缮和活化利用中延续生命、重焕生机,让城市焕发新活力,为城市发展注入不竭动能。本文以青岛德国建筑——水师饭店旧址为例,探讨文物建筑在修缮和利用中重焕生机,让文物建筑的历史文化价值发挥新时代作用,使文物保护利用赋能经济社会发展,提升文化软实力,建设独特的城市文化品牌。     

博物馆宣传教育创新利用与实践探索

博物馆是展示历史文化的窗口,是保护和传承人类文明的重要场所,发挥博物馆的宣传教育功能,提升博物馆的活力,增强其对当代人的影响力,是博物馆宣传教育工作的重要课题。文章以莘县博物馆为例,分析了博物馆宣传教育工作的基本情况及存在的问题,并从梳理文博资源、阐释文物价值、创新展陈方式、观众互动体验、搞好主题教育活动等方面提出了宣传教育工作创新利用的改善措施,让观众了解中华优秀历史文化、学习文博知识、陶冶情操,满足公众不断增长的文化需求,充分发挥博物馆资政育人的作用,以促进博物馆宣传教育事业高质量发展。     

从博物馆形态重构看历史建筑改造的中西差异北大核心CSSCI

随着社会的发展,历史建筑的保护与利用考验着世界各国对自身文明与当代文化导向的思考,这其中将历史建筑改造为博物馆则是这种思考的重要体现。中西方在此类博物馆改造中,所呈现出不同的重构形态,不但有技术与制度上的原因,背后实则折射出不同的文化视角,本文试从以上几个方面,通过典型案例解析博物馆建筑重构形态的差异,并以此阐发博物馆形态在重构中的重要意义,同时希望能给如何评价历史建筑改造博物馆带来一种新的解读。     

挖掘资源优势打造特色博物馆——浅谈新形势下县级博物馆的建设与发展

博物馆作为一个充分展示地方历史文化和社会发展历程的场所,对展示一个地区的精神风貌具有重要作用,也是一个县区的历史缩影和风貌展示。其中,县级博物馆在博物馆体系中扮演着重要的角色,它既是博物馆体系中最基层的单位,同时也是一个地方和县区收藏文物、研究历史并展览及传播文化的一种社会性的教育机构。如何充分发挥县级博物馆的作用和优势,打造更具特色的县级博物馆,是一个值得我们深入思考的问题。     

从博物馆形态重构看历史建筑改造的中西差异

随着社会的发展,历史建筑的保护与利用考验着世界各国对自身文明与当代文化导向的思考,这其中将历史建筑改造为博物馆则是这种思考的重要体现。中西方在此类博物馆改造中,所呈现出不同的重构形态,不但有技术与制度上的原因,背后实则折射出不同的文化视角,本文试从以上几个方面,通过典型案例解析博物馆建筑重构形态的差异,并以此阐发博物馆形态在重构中的重要意义,同时希望能给如何评价历史建筑改造博物馆带来一种新的解读。     

中国大运河博物馆的建设定位和发展要求

中国大运河是古代中国重要的交通动脉,也是中华民族重要的历史文脉.中国大运河博物馆的建设体现了文物保护利用和文化遗产保护传承、大运河文化带和国家文化公园建设、全面阐释运河文化和生动展现美好生活等方面的需要.博物馆定位为展示全流域、全时段、全方位的大运河专题博物馆,其展览以大运河历史变迁为时间轴,空间涵盖大运河全流域,适当突出江苏段特质,重点展示大运河带给民众的美好生活.未来博物馆将发挥在大运河文化带和国家文化公园建设中的重要作用,扩大大运河遗产价值、文化价值的传播力和影响力,提升公共文化服务能力和旅游贡献度,推动以大运河为代表的中华民族优秀特质的创新性表达,彰显文化自信.     

亦师亦友博物馆

博物馆作为一个国家文化发展重要的形象代表,并利用其特有的收藏、保护、研究、展示历史和现代文化的独特功能,在近百年的人类文化发展历史中显示出不可替代的作用。其间关于博物馆的概念和职能方面也不断地完善和创新。在西方,古典的博物馆概念是指“广泛而集中地进行科学研究     

Telling small stories: spaces of knowledge and the practice of geography

This article examines how the practice of learning geography, and the arenas in which knowledge-making takes place, can be usefully positioned within changing histories of the discipline. It contends that networks of action – understood through the intersection of social sites, subjects and sources – present a conceptual framework and narrative focus for the re-consideration of specific episodes from geography's past. The interventions made here are informed and illustrated by a 'small story' about the doing of geography. Based on different personal accounts, the story revives a series of events, encounters, dialogues and images dating back to the winter of 1951 at Glenmore Lodge, Scotland. This educational institution in the Cairngorm mountains offered children from urban areas the opportunity to learn field studies and the skills of 'outdoor citizenship'. Initially, the focus falls on Margaret Jack, a 14-year-old field-course participant. Her learning experiences are traced through personal letters, a diary and a field journal dating from that time, and her recent recollections of this event. Margaret's account dovetails with the story of her field studies instructor, Robin Murray. Robin's role is traced through his learning experiences as a geography undergraduate at Aberdeen University, and the recent recollections of Catriona Murray, his wife.     

Das Wissen der Schulden. Recht,Kulturtechnik und Alltagserfahrung im liberalen Kapitalismus

The Knowledge of Debt: Law, Media Technique, and Everyday Experience in Liberal Capitalism. Performing an object such as ‘the economy’ hinges on practices of formatting knowledge. The article proposes to look at such instituting moments in connection with social conflicts over the legitimate rules of exchange. This is exemplified by way of recounting the story of the codification of Swiss bankruptcy law in 1889. In order to homogenize the legal procedures of debt collection and bankruptcy, two subject categories were instituted: ‘merchants’ and ‘non-merchants’. These different categories were thought to account for the diverging temporalities and spaces of credit exchange in everyday economic life. The introduction of the commercial register, a media-technical apparatus, enabled a formal distinction between ‘merchants’ and ‘non-merchants’. However, this boundary was contested and proved to be porose.     

Two radiocarbon dates for freshwater shells from hierakonpolis: Archaeological and geological interpretations

Shells of two species of freshwater bivalve (Unio willcocksi Bullen Newton and Etheria elliptica Lamarck) from the predynastic Gerzean (Nagada II) Decorated Tomb at Hierakonpolis, Egypt have given dates of 5000±90 bp for the tomb, and 12,900±120 bp for an episode of Nile terrace accumulation (correlated here with the Sahaba-Darau aggradation event). The archaeological and geological significance of these results is discussed, together with an outline of problems associated with radiocarbon dating of shell. Comparisons are made with the few other radiocarbon dates available for the Predynastic period in Egypt and possible reasons for the presence of shells in the tomb are considered.     

Some chronological implications of a fossil molluscan assemblage from a neolithic site at Brook,Kent, England

The later post-glacial history of a valley in the chalk escarpment near Brook, Kent, is described, based on molluscan stratigraphy, archaeological evidence and radio-carbon dating. Differences in size and colour banding, respectively, of fossil and living representatives of two species of land snails, Pomatias elegans (Müller) and Cepaea nemoralis (L.), are correlated with climatic change during the post-glacial period. The problems of the use of fossil shells of these species as samples for radiocarbon dating are discussed.     

China's Dynamic Industrial Sector: The Internet Industry

A Singapore-based economic geographer explores and analyzes the spatially uneven evolution of the Internet industry in China, arguing that the country's immense regional disparity in the provision of Internet services is best explained by the interplay of place- and path-dependence. The author demonstrates how the highly uneven regional endowments in relevant industrial and entrepreneurial resources have led to the substantial and persistent regional imbalance within China's emerging "new economy." His initial survey of the country's 100 leading Internet content providers (firms), identified from a listing of ca. 11,700 commercial websites, is selectively augmented to reflect an increase of over 70 million Internet users in 2007, reaching a total of 253 million in June 2008, and thus overtaking the United States as the world's largest Internet market. Journal of Economic Literature, Classification Numbers: L10, L86, O30. 6 figures, 1 table, 53 references.     

The 1911 International Exposition in Rome: architecture, archaeology, and national identity

This paper discusses the 1911 International Exposition in Rome and illustrates how this patriotic celebration of the fiftieth anniversary of the Italian Sate utilized symbolic landscapes of architecture and archaeology to promote nationalist sentiments of italianità and romanità centered on the young capital of Rome. Through modern art exhibitions at the Valle Giulia, scientific conferences at the Castel Sant’Angelo, archaeological exhibits on the Roman Empire in the Baths of Diocletian, and regional Italian pavilions in the Piazza d’Armi, exposition officials offered a complex representation of Italian national identity that was modern yet ancient, cosmopolitan yet bucolic, European yet regional, and imperial yet developing.     

The Rise and Fall of Alexander the Great – The Need for Medical Analysis: Reply to Commentaries

Alexander the Great died in 323 B.C. from an unknown cause. By elucidating the nature of his death, we can better interpret various aspects of Alexandrian history. Alexander’s death may have ensued from the sequelae of a congenital scoliotic syndrome. It would therefore be of significance to note that one of the greatest leaders in history who conquered much of the then known world may have been suffering from a physical disability.     

Hospital Drama: Visual Theatres of the Medical Rendezvous from Asylum to Hospital with Reference to Specific Works by Anna Furse

Abstract

This paper is informed by Furse’s practice as a theatre maker in two fields of output that are connected by two factors: first, the presence of the woman patient — hysteric/subfertile respectively — within the clinical gaze; second, the significance of the womb to each pathology. In the treatment of each (explored in Furse’s theatre), lens based technologies play their part, whilst the cultural and medical can be seen to have overlapped to produce specific meaning with regard to Her body and its spectacularity. The article presents an overview of some of the key issues in precisely how the woman’s body becomes spectacular within this prosthetic medical gaze and how the medical — and theatrically designed spaces to represent these — become meaningful and potent proxemics that in turn inform medical/ theatrical spectatorship. Overarching nineteenth-century protocols at the Salpêtrière Hospital in Paris (where Furse’s Augustine (Big Hysteria) is set) to contemporary imaging technologies used in the treatment of subfertility with Assisted Reproduction Technologies (the topic of her Art of A.R.T. projects), it examines the way in which photography develops through cinema to X-Ray, ultrasound and then 3D/4D ultrasound to ‘capture’ the woman’s body in ways by which she becomes muted and exposed. These occular technologies that extend the gaze, first to an exterior subject and then, eventually, traversing the flesh without knife, lend specific performativity to the ‘patient’ women, within the context of hysterias and reproductive impairments respectively. Finally, issues of suspension of disbelief are addressed. The spectator’s faith in the screen-based image of Her spectacular body is interrupted in Furse’s work, which is also keenly interested in the effect of such imagery on the woman’s sense of Self. The historical and cultural leaps in this article argue that there is indeed a trajectory through the history of medical imaging since the first application of photography to anatomy to the more advanced scoping technologies of medical imaging today, and that in each era, the production of these images remain fraught with cultural implications.     

The Death of Alexander the Great – A Spinal Twist of Fate

Alexander the Great died in 323 B.C. from an unknown cause. Physical depictions of this historical figure reveal the likelihood of a cervical scoliotic deformity. This is substantiated with the medical history and is correlated with his untimely death. For the first time, it is concluded that Alexander’s death may have ensued from the sequelae of a congenital scoliotic syndrome.