试论中国政治思想中的传统法治观

推荐书江伟同学的《试论中国政治思想中的传统法治观》的前半部分,总结了中国传统的法治思想,有独到见解;后半部分引发了当今法治思想中的一些问题,不落俗套,颇有新意。该文尚未发表,愿向贵刊推荐。江伟同学已于１９９７年５月通过博士论文答辩,并于１９９７年１０...     

传统法治文化对当前地方法治政府建设之启发

中国传统法治文化是中华几千年国家治理的智慧结晶,在不同历史时期具有不同的文化特点,也存在自诞生之初就无法克服的不足之处,如强调人治、维护宗法、重刑轻民等。但是,传统法治文化有很多值得我们吸收改进的有益之处,尤其在教民、治吏与息诉这三点上,对当前地方法治政府建设有着重要的借鉴意义。本文结合包括福建本地的一些法治实例,阐述传统法治文化的特点和不足,以"从严治吏"为重点,对如何更好的建设地方法治政府提出几点个人思考和建议。     

Both Too Much and Too Little: Sources of Federal Instability in Canada

Federalism is often praised for being able to accommodate diversity within the confines of a single state while preventing secession. Federalism, however, is fraught with tensions and instability. Federalism is typically adopted as a second-best alternative among actors whose first choice is either a more centralized state or a more decentralized state. These preferences persist over time. Instability in federation, then, comes from federal partners pushing in opposite directions at the same time. From this dynamic comes the much-examined propensity for secessionism to develop within federations. Largely unexamined in the literature on federalism, but equally problematic from the standpoint of stability, is the equal and opposite risk of consolidation (or centralization). This article examines sources of federal instability by exploring the origins and evolution of federalism. I use examples from Canada to demonstrate the extent to which my argument is applicable to real world federations. In conducting the exploration, we come to understand how federations can be both unstable and durable.     

Resistance and the Rule of Law in Mexico

Judicial reform and promotion of the rule of law are at the very top of the political agendas of many developing countries. Moreover, in the context of democratization and a growing concern for human rights and citizenship, many social groups are prepared to use the law as a means to challenge the State. This article looks at how a group in Mexico used the law to resist the State's attempt to expropriate land for urban development. The law was used as a method of opposition as well as a symbol, by allowing the resistance to be represented in the form of ‘rights’. In so doing, the legal discourse exposed deeper concerns for justice, ethnicity and nationhood. The solution to the conflict, however, is shown to bear little relation to either the legal framework which structured the resistance or the legal principles which the confrontation sought to establish.     

从习俗到法治——试析英国法治传统形成的历史渊源

英国的法律体系经由习俗到普通法,再到议会立法三个阶段的发展,最终确立了英国的宪政体系和法治传统。在这一漫长的历史过程中,自下而上的法律渊源,诺曼贵族的法制努力,以及英国社会经济力量的变化和各阶层的抗争,都对英国法治传统的形成产生了巨大的影响。     

论西北少数民族地区法治政治发展中的法制建设——以《民族区域自治法》配套建设为视角

我国足多民族的社会主义国家,能否处理好民族关系决定着多民族国家的兴衰安危。随着经济社会的发展,特别是中共十七大提出要“全面落实依法治国基本方略,加快建设社会主义法治国家”以来,加强民族法制建设也成为时代的必然要求。在新形势下建立起以法律调节为核心的民族关系调节体系,为进一步构建全面协调可持续发展的和谐民族关系,为促进新时期经济社会全面进步奠定了良好的社会基础。     

The Return of Zipf: Towards a Further Understanding of the Rank-Size Distribution

We offer a general-equilibrium economic approach to Zipf's Law or, more generally, the rank-size distribution—the striking empirical regularity concerning the size distribution of cities. We provide some further understanding of Zipf's Law by incorporating negative feedbacks (congestion) in a popular model of economic geography and international trade. This model allows the powers of agglomeration and spreading to be in long-run equilibrium, which enhances our understanding of the existence of a rank-size distribution of cities.     

民国初年的法治思潮

民国初年,革命党人及社会各界人士都积极鼓吹以法治国、依法行事,热望将中国建成民主共和的法治国家。同时,兴办法政(法律)学校形成热潮,各种法律书籍大量出版,汇成一股颇有声势的法治思潮。在此期间。伍廷芳对陈其美以军政干涉司法和越权滥捕的行为进行的抵制、批驳和斗争,则成为这股思潮涌动中激起的浪花。     

漫说史源调查(代导言)

本专栏收录8位青年学者的研究论文,时间跨度从南北朝至明代,涉及史料体裁包括了官私史著、文集表奏、碑刻墓志等,虽考察对象不一,切入角度各异,基本都是以史料的文本辨析为手段,以探究史源、明晰流变为旨趣,从不同侧面展示了历史文献研究的新取向。一、采摭旧文:传统史籍中的源与流重视史源,强调史料文本的原始性与可靠性,是当今文献整理与史学研究的共识;但在中国古代,史学著作的撰述却往往并不讲求所谓的“原创性”,通过“采摭旧文(闻)”的方式,不做说明地抄撮转引乃至删削修改其他史传中的文字,是司空见惯的寻常操作。     

Rule of Law: A Comparison between Ancient Persia and Ancient Greece

The ancient Persian empires are denoted as despotic, practicing arbitrary rule while Greece, Persia's archrival during the sixth to fourth century BC, exercised rule of law. This paper uses a contract theory framework to analyze some of the geographical and environmental underpinnings of the existence of rule of law in the city-states of ancient Greece and its absence in Persia. I discuss the role of geographical conditions of land (open plains versus mountains), population pressure, proximity to the sea and form of trade (overland versus overseas) as factors conducive to rule of law in the city-states of ancient Greece and to despotism in ancient Persia. Specifically, the role of trade via land in Persia prior to the fifth century BC is compared to the role of sea trade (alongside with piracy) in ancient Greece. I argue that in ancient Persia monarchs could tax or expropriate much of the gains from overland trade, preventing the accumulation of an independent form of wealth by merchants. In Greece, sea trade alongside the practice of piracy led to gains from trade that could not be easily expropriated by the monarchs and acted as a balancing force vis-à-vis the power of the monarchs, creating a basis for rule of law in the Greek city-states.     

陕西历史水涝灾害发生规律研究

本文以全面系统的史料为基础 ,运用数理统计方法 ,研究了陕西历史水涝灾害发生的统计规律 ,在类型、频次、周期、阶段、地区特征方面得到了一些定性和定量的结论。     

试论清代的礼治

清朝是一个重“礼治”的社会．礼教、道德规范是清朝法律规范的核心。在清代的社会生活中．人们不仅受着严密的成法律规范的约束,还受着无形的礼教、道德规范的束缚。就整体而言,清代不是一个“法治一社会,而是一个“礼治”社会。     

法治:党的执政方式的重大转变

确立“依法治国,建设社会主义法治国家”的基本治国方略,标志着中国共产党的执政方式由人治到法治的重大转变。以毛泽东为代表的第一代领导集体的基本治国思路是政策治国,倾向于人治。以邓小平为核心的第二代领导集体强调治国方略的民主与法制化,摈弃人治,确立了走法治之路的基本方针,以江泽民同志为核心的第三代领导集体最终确立了“依法治国,建设社会主义法治国家”的基本方略,这对于建设中国特色的社会主义具有重要的意义。     

论林肯反奴隶制思想的重要思想源头

美国第16任总统亚伯拉罕·林肯是一位坚强的反奴隶制战士,其反奴隶制思想的主要思想源头如下(一)杰斐逊的民主主义思想.(二)自然神论.(三)人道主义.(四)国家主义观念.由于具有这种思想基础,林肯始终遵奉杰斐逊民主的基本原则,以捍卫宪法和维护国家统一为己任,痛恨种族奴役,并能够顺应进步潮流,同南方奴隶制度进行不懈的斗争.     

浅议秦汉官吏法的几个特点

秦汉政权是在批判周代贵族特权政治的基础上建立起来的,官吏的法律特权还处在一个逐渐形成和强化的时期,这就使秦汉官吏法保留了一些相对合理的成分。具体来说,秦汉官吏法有以下几个主要特点:在官吏的选任环节本着保举原则,把个人的利益和风险有机结合起来;对官吏政绩的考核突出廉与不廉和胜任与否;对官吏的监察在郡县体制内的同体监察的基础上,进一步完善自上而下的垂直监察体系;对官吏的一般性刑事犯罪比照百姓处罚从重,尤其严惩官吏的经济犯罪。