唐五代敦煌棉花种植研究——兼论棉花从西域传入内地的问题

早在魏晋南北朝时期,新疆吐鲁番已有棉花种植。学术界普遍认为,敦煌与吐鲁番气候相似,交通便利,因此敦煌也应有棉花种植,其证据主要是敦煌文书中有大量的“”。其实,“”除指棉花、棉布外,还有毛布或毛织品这一涵义。晚唐五代时期敦煌文书中的“”并不是指棉花,而是指毛布。敦煌文书《官布籍》中的官布也是毛布,并非棉布。唐五代时不仅敦煌,就是内地也还没有棉花种植。棉花并没有通过西域,经河西走廊传入内地。宋元之际在陕右种植的棉花,应该不是原来新疆种植的棉花,也不是经河西走廊传入的,而是其他的棉种,可能是从南方传入的。     

叫卖文学之祖——敦煌遗书两首店铺叫卖口号

敦煌遗书中存有两首关于店铺叫卖口号的文书,可以称之为＂市声叫卖文学之祖＂。这两首店铺叫卖口号反映了唐五代时期敦煌地区的物资、市场及商品贸易情况,对研究唐五代时期敦煌地区的商业、手工业发展情况具有重要的价值。同时,这两首店铺叫卖口号也丰富了我国唐宋时期的文学样式,对研究唐宋文学史有独特的价值。     

唐五代敦煌地区的骆驼牧养业

在敦煌文书中,有一些关于唐五代敦煌地区骆驼牧养业、交通用驼等方面的记载,除了专门的驼籍之外,其他各种官府、寺院及私人典契籍帐中也有不少关于骆驼的直接记载及间接反映,这对于研究唐五代敦煌地区的骆驼牧养业提供了可贵的资料。通过它们,对了解该历史时期牧驼业发展状况、交通通讯手段以及合理利用自然资源都具有重要意义。对敦煌地区畜牧业的研究,学术界已发表过文章,进行了有益的讨论,例如郑炳林先生《唐五代敦煌畜牧区域研究》（载《敦煌学辑刊》1996年第2期）一文从历史地理的角度,对唐五代敦煌地区畜牧区域进行研究,曾…     

唐五代敦煌柴草消费对生态环境的影响

唐五代是敦煌古代历史上开发规模最大、持续时间最长的时期。在大部分时间内,这一地区的人口都超过了三万,他们每天在饮食、取暖、生产、饲养牲畜等方面都消耗着数量可观的柴草。这种无间断的消费一直持续了四百余年,在很大程度上破坏了绿洲赖以生存的天然植被,加剧了该地区生态环境的恶化。此文从藏经洞出土的敦煌文书所记载的内容出发,通过对这一时期不同阶段柴价的分析,结合税柴征收的具体情况,得出了敦煌地区天然植被受到严重破坏的结论。     

敦煌契约文书通假字研究

敦煌契约文书是敦煌社会文书中的重要组成部分,具有一级语言史价值。通过研究契约文书中的通假字,有助于建立唐五代时期中国西北方言的语音系统。本文主要研究敦煌契约文书中的通假字类型,包括音同或音近通假及形近通假。     

唐五代敦煌种植林业研究

唐五代敦煌种植林业研究郑炳林研究唐五代归义军时期敦煌树木种植状况,是研究历史时期敦煌植被分布变迁状况很重要的一环。归义军时期敦煌树木植被分布情况到底怎样,有关地理志书都没有记载,敦煌所出古地志残卷也没有明确的记载,无疑增加了这一问题研究的难度。但是,...     

从考古资料看唐五代敦煌儿童的游戏活动

唐五代时期,人们的游戏活动多种多样,其中儿童的日常游戏也极其丰富。本文以敦煌壁画和敦煌遗书为基础,探讨唐五代时期敦煌地区儿童的游戏活动,对其种类和情景进行了分析研究。     

唐五代敦煌地区赛祆仪式考

敦煌是火祆教最早传入的地区之一。唐五代随着中亚粟特民族的不断移入,祆教在这一带也随之兴盛。本文结合敦煌吐鲁番文书和有关史料,对敦煌赛祆活动仪式及其在敦煌乃至中原的流变进行梳理和探讨。     

唐五代敦煌学校部分教学档案简介

唐五代敦煌学校部分教学档案简介李冬梅敦煌文书中保存有大量有关唐五代敦煌学校教学资料,对于这些文书的研究,虽然前人进行了大量工作,但是很少有人从教学档案角度去进行研究,因此有许多问题得不到解决,有些文书违反常规的写作方式一直得不到满意解释。笔者在从事敦...     

游走在世俗和神圣之间——唐五代宋初敦煌命算信仰与佛道关系研究

晚唐五代敦煌佛教的世俗化问题近年来为学界所普遍关注,并进行了广泛深入的探讨。以占卜术数为切入点,通过观察世俗信仰与佛教的互动关系、借以审视敦煌佛教的世俗特征,可以说是拓展敦煌佛教世俗化研究的一条重要学术思路。抄写于唐五代宋初的敦煌占卜文书,据黄正建先生统计大约有274件左右,内容丰富多样,是研究占卜、佛教关系的重要资料。但在敦煌占卜文书研究历程中,长期存在某种理念偏差：已有研究往往站在各自的学术立场来定性敦煌占卜文书,过于强调其宗教归属的的单一性,缺乏对文书中多重宗教因子的细致分析,从而不能再现世俗信仰与道教、佛教等宗教在中国古代及敦煌地区长期并存融通的历史事实。正是基于这一认识,笔者曾在对敦煌写本宅经的研究中从多个角度讨论了唐五代敦煌占卜与佛教、道教的关系。但随之而来的问题是,在展示敦煌各宗教因子在大时段中（唐五代宋初）混通性的同时,却忽视了它们各自在吐蕃占领前后存在状态的升降变迁。     

Advances in Morphometrics in Archaeobotany

ABSTRACT

Morphometric analysis offers an alternative or augmentation to traditional archaeobotanical methods to address differences within and between plant species and their remains, refining and enhancing taxonomic resolution. Morphometrics, the measurement of size and shape, and the multivariate statistical analysis of generated quantitative variables, have long played a major role in biological research, including plant taxonomy and systematics, although its application in archaeobotany is relatively recent. Over the last few decades, there has been an increasing interest in the use of morphometrics for analysing a varied range of archaeological plant materials (mainly seeds, pollen, phytoliths, and starch grains). In particular, morphometrics have contributed to the study of the domestication and spread of many cereals world-wide, as well as that of other taxa including legumes, underground storage organs (USO), and fruits (such as olives, grapes, and dates). This paper reviews current methodologies, recent applications, and advances in the use of morphometrics in archaeobotanical research, discusses its role in exploring major research questions, and suggests possible future directions for its use.     

杏开二月

已经是二月仲春了,大地柔软,天气慢慢热起来了。一场习习的春雨,浇得人心头酥酥的。我第一次注意到,家门前的杏树开了。枝干上,星星点点,挑着几朵白,轻盈得很,把薄薄的心打开,驻足美的枝头,观赏人间烟火。背后是灰灰的庭院,低矮的     

Geography in Higher Education in Australia

Within the last 30 years, geographical information systems (GIS) have been used increasingly in the training of geographers. On the basis of the philosophy of technology and instrumental genesis, we sketch how the use of instruments interacts with learning processes and outline how this can be studied. We empirically analyse students' learning processes and the influences of teaching practice in an introductory course in GIS. We show that students have different strategies for creating their personal instrument for spatial thinking and how teaching interacts with the students' learning processes. Finally, we discuss how GIS may gradually alter future professional development of geographers.     

America in Speech and in Deed

The author's primary aim in what follows is to fully articulate Chantal Delsol's critique of late modern universalism as an attempt to depoliticize the individual for the sake of replacing politics with morality. The result of this depoliticization is a quasi-pantheistic cosmopolitanism that not only effectively denies the significance of individuality, despite rhetorically lionizing it, but also undercuts the freedom of individual conscience that makes moral choice possible. Genuine political prudence and moral judgment are subsequently replaced by the rigid exactitude of a technocratic analysis that reintroduces the "clandestine ideology" it was, despite protestations to the contrary, intended to eliminate. The unhappy paradox produced by the attempt to replace the necessary limitations of political judgment with the universality of a priori moral decree is that a new set of culturally and historically idiosyncratic political attachments are surreptitiously introduced beyond the pale of reasonable debate and disagreement. Delsol's measured response is not a precipitous rejection of universalism as such but a rehabilitation of it that recaptures the Christian moral realism at its core.     

Tibetan-Inhabited Area in Deqen in Development

Deqen, honored as “Shangri La”,is located in the area where three rivers meet to form one in the Henduan Mountains straddling the borders of Yunnan, Sichuan and Tibet. The Deqen Tibetan Ethnic Group Autonomous Prefecture, founded in September 1957, is the only Tibetan autonomous prefecture in Yunnan Province but one of 10 in the