近现代文物缺失辩解

近现代文物缺失诸多,譬如,品类不全、难以一层分类、信息混交、价值无法量化、寿命短暂、赝品众多等。现将其揭示出来,并说明其存在形式及原因。     

关于近现代文物征集工作的若干问题

建国以来,关于近现代文物的征集工作取得了巨大成就,主要表现为经历了三次征集高潮、文物保护逐渐法制化、确定了大批文物保护单位,以及形成了文物保护的多渠道格局。但在新世纪,近现代文物征集工作机遇和挑战并仔。机遇表现为政府重视、文物界近现代文物意识增强等;挑战则表现为重古轻今、文物保护与经济建设矛盾突出、文物征集竞争激烈、文物和非文物难以界定,等等。对此,成从以下几方面加强近现代文物的征集工作;加强责任感、增强文物意识、转变征集思路、制定和研究征集规划。     

近现代文物养护中的十对矛盾

“保护为主，抢救第一，合理利用，加强管理”——《文物法》所制定的文物保护方针，是近现代文物养护必须遵循和贯彻的。然而在具体操作过程中，却常常无法正确处理文物养护中的各种关系而陷于两难的境地。现揭示出近现代文物养护中的十对矛盾，以乞争鸣与献策。     

加强近现代文物征集工作刍议

现代科学技术犹如一把双刃剑,在给社会生产、生活和物质条件带来巨大改善的同时,也加速了近现代历史上具有重要价值的实物资料的消亡。鉴于近现代文物征集是一个薄弱环节,我们应认真思考如何做好这项工作。     

亟待抢救的十类近现代文物

《文物保护法》提出了＂保护为主、抢救第一、合理利用、加强管理＂16字方针,为文物保护指明了方向。近现代文物中有十类质料不同的文献和实物,正在迅速自行消亡,濒于灭失。属抢救之列,披露出来,以期引起重视,高明有志之士投入研究,     

浅谈如何鉴定近现代文物

鉴定是指掌握一定行业和科学知识的人,利用其专业知识和专门技术检验手段,对客观事物的真伪、状态、功能、成分和结构等属性,进行检验和评断,以及为此从事的一切近现代文物的鉴定,主要是指文物博物馆工作者以及收藏者、爱好者,根据掌握的近现代史知识,在一定理论方法指导下,目鉴和利用科学仪器,对近现代器物的真伪、物属、型制、结构,性能和价值等进行全面分析评估,     

古物与近现代文物异同比较——旧题新探

古物指的是1840年以前,中华民族遗留下来的一切物质文化遗产,虽然有的未被确定为古代文物,但年代已久、数量稀少、品位较高、具有一定文化价值,可以与近现代文物相题并论,进行比较。因为近现代文化遗产,特别是物质文化遗产数量浩翰、种类繁多,而能够被确定为近现代文物的是极少数,可绝对数字也相当可观。     

关于近现代文物全息鉴定

十多年前,笔者由《全息照相与无损检验》、《生物全息诊疗法》等著作启发,将全息概念引入近现代文物鉴定,耗费了大量精力与时光,撰写了《近现代文物全息鉴定》拙文,如同砖头投入大海,没有激起涟漪与浪花。近现代文物研究本身就是"新领域、新特点、新问题",再加上全息,也就更无人问津了。     

黑龙江地区近现代民族文物研究

本文通过对黑龙江地区近现代民族文物范畴、特征的研究,指出在进行征集民族文物时,要注重与物质文物相联系的非物质资料的收集与整理,并要注意同一民族不同阶段文物的收集工作.     

浅谈如何开展近现代文物征集工作

党的十一届三中全会以来,我国的革命物和革命纪念馆工作取得了令人瞩目的成绩。各地采用多种形式,兴建近代物博物馆及革命物纪念馆400余所,征集、保管近现代物50多万件。运用这些博物馆、举办丰富多彩的陈列展览和宣传教育活动,为推动社会主义物质明和精神明建设发挥了积极的作用。     

从文物法规到中国特色文物法律体系

目前,中国特色文物法律体系已经形成,该体系是在不断总结新中国成立以来文物保护与管理的工作经验的基础上逐步形成的,历经只见文物法规、而无文物法律的初创阶段;法律、法规、规章和规范性文件各等级法律规范齐备的发展阶段;各类法律规范迅速出台、调整范围广、立法质量进一步提高的形成阶段.该体系是在中国文物保护实践中不断成长起来的,具有鲜明的中国特色,并将与时俱进,日臻完善.     

Environment and Cultural Heritage in China: Introduction

The transformation of the natural and built environment over the past three decades has left China with a legacy of environmental degradation and loss of biodiversity. The loss of cultural heritage, including cultural forms associated with the natural ecology, has been just as dramatic. The three studies in this special focus section of Asian Studies Review explore significant issues in environmental conservation, cultural heritage, and grassroots activism in urban and rural China, with an emphasis on the relationship between the natural environment, the transmission of traditional cultural forms, and localised forms of agency or activism. As discussed here, while China's discourse on these issues is strongly influenced by global norms, different regions of China are developing their own individual responses to environmental conservation, the protection of biodiversity, and the ongoing transmission of endangered cultural forms.     

城市文化遗产保护的困境及其解决途径

城市化的高速发展对城市文化遗产保护提出了严峻挑战。目前,存在着认知偏离、资金短缺、技术缺乏、法制不全、机制落后五大困境,必须确立文化遗产保护与城市整体发展的战略思想,健全法制,建立起有效的保护途径、技术支撑途径、资金来源途径、全民参与途径、执法监督途径,下好文化遗产保护这盘大棋。     

On the Cultural Heritage of Robots

Cultural heritage management is an inherently retrospective discipline. To the detriment of future heritage management, some heritage places were not recognised and managed even though they had instant global significance after their creation (e.g. sites of the Apollo space programme). The current revolution in robotic technologies, coupled with the developments in artificial intelligence, suggests that the creation of self‐reflective robots capable of semi‐independent thought (processes) is not too far away. This paper explores the conceptual and ethical issues that heritage managers face when dealing with the heritage such robots will create.     

文物保护史文献考察述略

通过对文物保护史文献考察,将其区分为综述、专题研究,以及文物保护史资料,对部分代表性文献资料做重点评价,以期为文物保护史预研究做准备,并为进一步深入研究文物保护史提供借鉴.     

世界文化遗产宏村——解析宏村空间形态发展结构因素

宏村村落形态充满了丰富的传统文化内涵,整个村落布局似“牛”形,反映出当时村民对牛的崇拜;民居的厅堂厢房以中轴线对称,其布局和功能体现了“长幼有序,男尊女卑”的等级思想;从栋宇鳞次、庭院相贯、雕饰如画的宅居,又可以看出一向克勤克俭的徽州商人正朝着商业资本转化,追求奢侈享乐的生活。总之,宏村的空间结构不只是满足人对物质的需要,更是满足人对精神的需求。     

Islamic Waqf and Management of Cultural Heritage in Palestine

This paper studies the salient features that characterise the Islamic waqf and the importance of its development through history as a system for management of cultural heritage in Palestine. In an attempt to understand the value of waqf and its developmental role, this paper discusses the significance of waqf development with regard to social and economic growth. The paper concludes that Islamic waqf in Palestine is certainly not an invitation to the authority of the government to dominate the area of benevolent (caring, generous) activities in society but quite the opposite; from its beginning, the establishment of waqf was a clear representation of creating a third sector related to philanthropy (charities) that is kept away from both the profit‐motivated behaviour of individuals and the authority‐dominated action of the government and could be developed and adopted today in our society as a sustainable approach to the management of cultural heritage.     

Cultural Tourism: Marketing Challenges and Opportunities for German Cultural Heritage

Because of the generally precarious state of public finance in Germany, at federal, state and community levels, expenditure for cultural purposes is being reduced constantly. Therefore, cultural institutions such as heritage sites are virtually compelled to find additional sources of funding to improve their financial situation and ensure their long‐term survival. One of the more suitable means of increasing the revenue situation on an ongoing basis is to improve and expand the cultural tourism offerings. Despite this significance of cultural tourism, an empirical study established that German heritage sites have by no means exploited the real potential of cultural tourism in a comprehensive manner. Thus, the objective of this paper is, on the basis of a well‐founded delineation of the concept and demand‐side situation, to demonstrate the potential success factors for developing cultural tourism and to do so from a marketing perspective.     

江苏省运河文化遗产保护与展望

2006年5月,我国大运河申报世界文化遗产工作已正式启动。江苏是拥有大运河的最早航段,又是运河流程最长的省份,运河文化遗产十分丰富,以“申遗”为契机,认真做好江苏境内的运河文化遗产的保护显得尤为重要。     

Cultural Heritage Management in Post-colonial Polities: not the heritage of the other

Ebel es‐Saqi, a village in the southern hills of Lebanon, emerged from 22 years of Israeli occupation in May 2000. In the ensuing years, several development projects took place in the region with the aim of reviving local economies through tourism, enhancing attachment to the land through employment and spreading environmental awareness. One of these projects, the Ecological Park Project of Ebel es‐Saqi, is the subject of this paper. Through examining local perceptions and reactions to the Ebel es‐Saqi project, this paper explores how local conceptions of landscape evolve in response to political, economic, and social change. The findings of the study, based on in‐depth semi‐structured interviews, suggest that the village landscape is an enabling medium through which traditional culture is preserved, local identities constructed and rural heritage acknowledged. This paper unfolds a conception of landscape based on the day‐to‐day lifestyles of the village community, inherited traditional agricultural practices, valued rural heritage and shared village identity.