南水北调沿线:七省市文物抢救紧急行动

南水北调工程中的文物保护工作是工程的重要组成部分,做好南水北调工程文物保护工作对于保护我国的历史文化遗产,确保南水北调工程的顺利实施具有十分重要的意义。     

坚持科学发展观,不断提升南水北调文物保护工作的水平

"南水北调工程是我国水利工程史上的一次壮举,无论是工程规模还是设计与施工的水平,在世界水利工程建设方面都将留下宝贵的财富".从文物保护角度看,国家文物局单霁翔局长说:"文物发掘和保护的意义比工程本身还大[1]".而要做好南水北调文物保护工作,不断提升南水北调工程文物保护工作的水平,就必须深入贯彻科学发展观和"保护为主,抢救第一,合理利用,加强管理"的文物方针[2],不断解放思想,只争朝夕,恪尽职守,克难奋进,开拓创新,正确处理好以下五个方面的关系.     

论文物保护工程监理

文物保护工程监理是文物工作的一项重要内容,事关文物保护的成败。新形势下,我国的文物保护工作尤其是工程监理面临诸多挑战。只有做好文物保护工程监理工作,才能为文物保护加上保险,推动文物保护工作又快又好发展。     

河南篇:最长渠线 来自中原文明腹地的报告

河南是南水北调中线工程所经线路最长、涉及面积最大的省份,既有长达数百公里的干渠,也有大面积的丹江口水库淹没区。南水北调中线工程的文物保护工作也是一项宏伟工程,其工程之大、任务之艰巨也是前所未有的。同时,工程的建设也为考古工作者进行考古学研究,对早期新石器文化面貌、早期楚文化起源等诸多学术课题研究提供了机遇。能否既做好相关学术课题研究．又将工程影响的文物损失减少到最小程度,保护好文化遗产．是对文物部门的挑战和考验。     

湖北篇:丹江库区 荆楚文化再清家底

南水北调中线工程经过湖北、河南、河北、北京等地,从淹没区文物的保存情况看,这一区域文物古迹众多,文物保护单位的级别高,文物价值大,涉及中华民族形成与发展的多方面学术问题,文物保护的难度和任务的繁重程度都将远远超过三峡地区,而工程留给文物部门进行文物保护工作的时间仅有短短的5年,文物保护工作十分紧迫,因此必须尽一切可能尽快开展抢救工作,减少损失。     

三峡文物保护 经验可为借鉴

南水北调工程是我国继三峡工程之后又一项大型水利工程,也是三峡文物保护工程之后的又一项大型文物保护工程。这项工程涉及到湖北省的丹江口市、郧县、郧西县、武当山经济特区和张湾区等,是湖北省历史文化遗产保存较为丰富的地区,有世界文化遗产武当山古建筑群(遇真宫、襄府庵等一批古建筑受淹),有距今一百万年的郧县人头骨化石,同时被淹没的还有一大批古脊椎动物与古人类化石地点、从新石器时代直到明清时期的古遗址、古墓葬和一批不同类别的古建筑。淹没区丰富的文物蕴含着大量珍贵的历史文化信息。     

“南水北调”——从筹划到实施

“南水北调”是一项以解决北方地区水资源短缺为目标的特大型跨流域调水项目,是我国进入新世纪后即将实施的国家级重点工程,因而受到国内外各界人士的广泛关注。然而,这一项目的筹划和论证绝非一日之功,而是经历了一个漫长而曲折的过程。早在新中国成立之初,毛泽东主席就以重新安排旧山河的气魄和胆略,提出了“南水北调”的宏伟设想,尔后,这一设想即由有关部门开始研究论证,迄今已经历了半个世纪。其间,“南水北调”自筹划直到决定实施的历程,大致分为五个阶段。     

“本刊专稿——南水北调工程湖北段考古新发现”编后记

作为南水北调中线水源工程的源头,湖北淹没区一直备受世人瞩目。作为古代南北文化交流的必经之地,湖北淹没区也是学术界关注的热点。为确实做好南水北调湖北淹没区文物保护工作,2005年至今,湖北省文物局在国务院南水北调办公室、国家文物局和湖北省委省政府的领导下,邀请全国近     

河南郏县黑庙墓地汉代画像石墓发掘简报

正黑庙墓地是南水北调中线干渠工程河南段中的重要文物保护项目,位于平顶山市郏县白庙乡黑庙村西北(图一)。2010年,河南省文物局南水北调文物保护办公室分别委托秦始皇帝陵博物院、平顶山文物局和河南省文物考古研究院对其进行了考古发掘,前者发掘区编号为Ⅲ区,发掘面积2000平方米,清理墓葬54座[1];后者发掘区编号为Ⅰ、Ⅱ区,发掘面积10700平方米,清理墓葬190座(图二)。2016年     

南水北调中线干渠上考古的日子

南水北调工程文物保护开始了,这是继三峡文物保护工作后的第二次全国"考古会战"。重在参与,我幸运的成为一名河南中线发掘项目的"参与者"。2006年6月,收拾好行囊和新结识的搭档上路了,庆幸和忐忑是一天旅途的心情。毕业17年了,参加过几个工地发掘,但那都是随从师兄,有他和他那些实战经验丰富的部下保驾护航,一路上只要不怕酷暑     

平安故宫 千秋大计——故宫博物院“平安故宫”工程概述

故宫博物院《“平安故宫”工程总体方案》于2013年3月正式上报国务院.4月,“平安故宫”工程被批准立项,成为重大文化建设工程.该工程旨在全面提升故宫博物院的文化遗产保护、展示传播和观众服务能力,实现对故宫的完整保护和故宫博物院的可持续发展.其主要内容包括北院区建设、地库改造、基础设施改造、防震、修复等七大项.     

New Regionalism and Planning for Water Quality Improvement in the Great Barrier Reef,Australia

New regionalism encompasses a diversity of approaches to address regional planning problems. Within Australia, the Great Barrier Reef Water Quality Protection Plan was developed to enhance water quality within the World Heritage-listed Great Barrier Reef, and the plan gave responsibility to regional, natural resource management bodies to undertake several actions. This paper evaluates these initiatives in the light of the emerging theory of new regionalism and highlights six main lessons: up-scaling of the catchment approach to a reef-wide approach is essential in order to improve water quality, but must be complemented by cross-regional collaboration; new governance and institutional arrangements and strengthened partnerships must be effectively integrated; culture and history are important in determining the most effective management approaches; pilot projects must move to comprehensive and strategic implementation; science is important but needs to incorporate other branches of knowledge; and economic incentives are important in encouraging the implementation of best practices, but delivery needs to be flexible. We conclude that the new regional approach is appropriate for addressing complex, multi-scale problems such as water quality, and has incorporated several key principles of new regionalism, but that the process must move quickly to a higher level of commitment and application.     

Washing urban water: diplomacy in environmental art in the Bronx,New York City

Lillian Ball's art project WATERWASH creates a new ecological imaginary in the South Bronx. Building on a tradition of ‘maintenance art’, the work exhibits the power of soil, plants and microorganisms to clean water – in effect maintaining urban water. An overarching goal of WATERWASH is to educate local people about the metabolism of urban water, causes of river pollution, and to familiarize them with the capacity of soil and plants to respond to that problem. As part of its creation, the project provided diverse groups of people with opportunities to participate, including a group of Bronx youth who assisted in planting the wetland. Several of these apprentices will be involved in future monitoring of the effectiveness of the wetland in mitigating parking lot runoff. I use Isabelle Stengers' notion of ‘diplomacy’ to interrogate the efforts of the artist in negotiating and creating an occasion in which people with divergent interests can both recognize and maintain the relationships of care that sustain them. In effect, this effort extends the feminist discourse of maintenance work to include that undertaken by the ‘other-than-human’.     

Material,Political, and Biopolitical Dimensions of “Waste” in California Water Law

California's state constitution prohibits the “wasteful” use of water; however, waste is subjective and context dependent. This paper considers political, biopolitical, and material dimensions of waste, focusing on the role of legal processes and institutions. The paper examines a case involving legal accusations of “waste and unreasonable use” of water by the Imperial Irrigation District in Imperial County, California. The determination that water was being “wasted” justified the transfer of water from agricultural to urban areas. However, defining these flows of water as a waste neglected water's complexity and relationality, and the enclosure of a “paracommons” threatens to bring about negative environmental and public health consequences. The paper shows that the project of discursively labeling certain material resource flows as waste and re‐allocating these resources to correct this moral and economic failure relies upon legal processes, and carries political and biopolitical implications.     

重庆大足石刻千手观音造像区地下水渗流机制分析

为研究渗水病害在重庆大足宝顶山千手观音本体修复加固工程中产生的影响,通过现场调查、钻探和钻孔压水实验,分析研究岩体透水性和地下水渗流机制。结果表明,千手观音造像区后部崖体完整性较好,没有渗水构造裂隙存在,不受地下水的影响。     

The Gallo-Roman sanctuary at Grand,France: I Its development and management for tourism

Abstract

The Gallo-Roman site at Grand (France, Département des Vosges) is famous for its amphitheatre and mosaic remains. Grand's development project (1990–9) has been made possible by its inclusion in the ‘Five-year Programme (1988–92) for French Monuments’. In 1990 hydrogeological work discovered that the original function of the site, until then a mystery, was as a water sanctuary, a major religious centre in eastern Gaul. The development project, having seen visitor numbers rise steeply, has addressed issues of visitor reception and management, and the provision of information in various forms. The aims of the project locally are to promote cultural tourism in a remote rural area and to develop the economy of the village of Grand.     

Tracking gristmills in Portugal: retrospection and reflexivity on place,technology, and change

This article discusses changes in Portuguese gristmills driven by wind and water in the context of a personal retrospection on a field project carried out four decades earlier. Into the mid-twentieth century, windmills and two kinds of watermills were still important rural facilities to grind wheat, rye, and maize into flour. By the 1970s, technological change in Portugal had much reduced the number of those still operating; by 2011 most of those mills had ceased. The major exception is the persistence of watermills in the northwestern part of the country where maize cultivation, fondness for maize bread, powerful streams, hamlet settlement, and a conservative frugality converges to keep some mills still working. Nevertheless, they too, can be expected to disappear in the years ahead. Function is one thing; form is another. The Portuguese landscape remains rich in these structures and broadly held sentiment favors their preservation. Reflecting on a past project stimulated thinking about the importance of place in formulating a geographical topic, research as a cultural experience, constraints of fieldwork in the life span of scholars, and the value of critical self-assessment.     

DESSICATION AND DESTRUCTION: THE IMMEDIATE EFFECTS OF DE-WATERING AT ETTON, CAMBRIDGESHIRE

This paper presents the first results of a long-term project to monitor changes in ground water conditions in parts of the East Anglian Fenland. So far the project has been concerned with two sites immediately north of Peterborough, at Borough Fen and Etton. The Borough Fen data are still being assessed, but Etton has provided results which warrant prompt publication.
The water levels were monitored in a series of boreholes across the Etton Neolithic enclosure for a period of two years (1982–4), to study the effects of the variation in the local groundwater table on the waterlogged contents of the enclosure ditch.
The first part of the paper (CF) assesses the results of this programme. The ambient water table remained at or above the level of the primary and lower secondary deposits in the ditch, thus accounting for the excellent preservation of botanical remains. Within one month of the adjacent quarry pumps being turned on the water table had fallen by up to one metre below the lowest archaeological deposits, and has not recovered since, to the almost immediate detriment of the botanical record.
The second part of the paper (MT) discusses the observed variation in the preservation of wood in particular, and describes the effects of de-watering on the deposits of wood in the enclosure ditch.     

河南淅川县阎杆岭83号墓发掘简报

2005年12月,为配合南水北调中线丹江口水利枢纽加高工程,河南省文物考古研究所对阎杆岭墓群Ⅱ区的83号墓进行发掘。该墓为"甲"字形积石积炭墓,出土鼎、罐、瓮、壶、仓、灶、井等陶器和铜盆、铜甑、铜釜、铜五铢钱、铜兵器、铜车马器、铁剑等随葬器物99件,年代为西汉晚期,为汉墓以及相关问题的研究提供了新资料。     

A method,a model and Machiavelli: history colloquium at Princeton, 19 November 1968

John Pocock gave “A method, a model and Machiavelli” as a talk at Princeton University in 1968. What happened to the text afterwards is uncertain, but it remained in the papers of Professor Donald Weinstein until his death in 2015, when it was identified by his widow Beverly Parker as being of importance. The text is especially revealing about Pocock’s attitudes to the history of ideas/intellectual history in the late 1960s and more especially the state of the grand project that became The Machiavellian Moment some years later.