圣诞歌曲语言的文化认知阐释

对圣诞歌曲语言进行认知阐释有助于了解圣诞歌曲语言的生成特点。本文就代表着圣诞歌曲的《平安夜》和《铃儿叮当响》两首歌曲语言从意象图式、隐喻和互动观三个认知角度对其进行了阐释。     

激情升腾的杭城圣诞晚宴

银辉绚烂,尊华同灿,雪色晶莹的圣诞是欢聚的好时光,一场盛大华美的圣诞晚宴必不可少。     

感受圣诞市集嘉年华

随着12月的到来,德累斯顿这座易北河畔的州前府将变成“圣诞之城”,总其将举办9个圣诞集市,其中最人最古老的圣诞市集当然要数位于老市场的“德累斯顿圣诞果脯蛋糕集市”（DresdnerstriezelITlarkt）。     

在圣诞市场撒点野——德国格里圣诞集市

黑格尔在自己的传记中曾经说过,德意志的圣诞狂欢应该要从当地的圣诞市集开始。每当11月的最后一周来临,德国各地的圣诞市集便陆续开市了。如果想要感受最地道的圣诞气氛,那些圣诞市场无疑是你最好的去处。     

圣诞血拼记

又到了一年一度的圣诞购物季,忙碌了一年的人们,也该犒劳—下自己了!于是,血拼成为了众多旅行者年末度假的首要目标。而英国、法国、美国等必扫之地的商家们,也都绞尽了脑汁,除了提供优雅的环境,齐全的品牌以及惊喜的价格外,更为客人们准备了特别的圣诞新意,为购物之旅增添情趣!     

购物

这个圣诞季,千万别错过疯狂血拼的大好时机。除了本期《世界》为你搜寻的全球圣诞打折最狠的地方,以下消息希望会对你有所帮助。     

圣诞家味

对于外国人来说,圣诞大餐就像是咱们的年夜饭,必须热闹,必须美味。而在烹制美食的大厨们的舌尖上,家乡的味道兴许才是能够满足他们的唯一秘方。     

圣诞节 去德国赶洋庙会

在德国,通常十一月下旬便开始掀起圣诞赶集的风潮。有时看似规模不大的圣诞市集,却是一个城市最具节日气氛的聚集地。相比其他许多地方的“圣诞购物季”,德国的圣诞市集无论是在气氛、还是商品上都保持得十分传统地道和原汁原味。据说德国有150多个美丽的圣诞市场,市集在那里也确实不需要刻意寻找,因为几乎每一个主要的公共广场都会搭建具有自己特色的圣诞市集。不过就像在中国春节里的庙会各具特色一样,德国的每个圣诞市场也都有着自己别样的特色。从2011年开始,几乎每年的圣诞节,我都会去德国“赶集”,凭这几年来在市集上穿梭的经验,列出以下几个我个人最钟意的市集。     

圣诞节,咱们一起去“赶集”

无论是现实与童话,时尚与传统,圣诞节总给我们许多美好期待,我们总是相信圣诞老人会满足每个人的心愿,在平安夜驾着驯鹿坐着雪橇将我们的圣诞袜装满礼物,期待在圣诞夜和家人、朋友一起围着圣诞树唱歌跳舞。今年的圣诞节一起去＂赶集＂吧,我们将为您推荐几个最值得去的圣诞集市和庆祝活动。     

圣诞装饰狂人

对于年届七旬的希尔维亚来说,悬挂装饰品并不是轻松的事情。她收集的圣诞饰品多达1750个,价值2万英镑（约合人民币20万元）     

Christmas in the Workhouse: Staging Philanthropy in the Nineteenth-Century Periodical

This article provides an overview of the representation of workhouse philanthropy in the nineteenth-century periodical. In the 1830s and 40s, the popular representation of the workhouse was of a cruel institution in which paupers were systematically beaten and starved. However, the ideological significance of the workhouse shifts in the depictions of privately funded philanthropy that proliferated in magazines and newspapers during the Christmas publishing season. In representations of the workhouse at Christmas, paupers are shown receiving gifts and enjoying entertainments against a festively decorated backdrop. Middle-class benevolence is at the heart of these Christmas performances: these treats are not funded by the poor rates, but by individuals, who are frequently depicted in attendance at the workhouse Christmas. The institution, now redolent with ideas of care, charity and goodwill, functions in these texts as a stage for the projection of a bourgeois philanthropic self; the reader, the audience of this ideological performance, is encouraged to self-identify with the middle-class values that overlay these workhouse scenes. Entwined with these depictions of private philanthropy are underlying ideas of discipline and control. Just as the middle-class guests enact an idealized identity, so too do the paupers enact the role of the indebted and grateful poor. This article examines how the nineteenth-century periodical constructs the workhouse as a performance space for the middle classes; it explores the various agendas of these constructions and analyses the ideological messages they convey.     

山西兴县红峪村元至大二年壁画墓

2008年5月,考古工作者在山西兴县康宁镇红峪村发掘了一座壁画墓。墓葬坐西朝东,由墓道、封门石、甬道、墓门及墓室组成,墓室为八角形,为夫妇合葬墓。墓顶和墓室皆绘有壁画,包括花卉、鞍马、墓主夫妇对坐图、备茶图及孝行故事等。西壁墓主夫妇之间有一牌位,题有墓主武庆及其妻景氏名字,其后座屏上题传马致远所作《天净沙.秋思》。西南壁上题记中有元代至大二年(1309年)纪年。     

Readjusting Cultural Codes: Reflections on Anti-Semitism and Anti-Zionism

In this article I seek to apply the notion of anti-Semitism as a cultural code, which I initially developed 25 years ago with relation to the antimodernist trends in late-nineteenth-century Germany, to the phenomena of anti-Semitism and anti-Zionism today. From the 1960s anti-Zionism and anti-Semitism formed part of a larger ideological package consisting of anticolonialism, anticapitalism, and a deep suspicion of US policies. In the eyes of members of the developing countries, Jews became a symbol of the West and legitimate targets for hatred. Thus, the position on the Jewish question, even if not in itself of paramount importance, came to indicate a belonging to a larger camp, a political stand and an overall cultural choice. The question is whether the position towards Israel today, which has become a central issue for the European left, can still be considered a cultural code or whether it rather indicates a more direct anti-Jewish attack, above all as a result of the Israeli-Palestinian conflict.     

Ribbon Pulls in Wedding Cakes: Tracing a New Orleans Tradition

The ritual of cutting the wedding cake at weddings in the New Orleans area is preceded by another ritual tradition: unmarried female friends of the bride each “pull a ribbon,” to which a silver charm or “favour” is attached, from the cake. Charms can include a ring, a heart, a thimble, a button, a horseshoe, and a clover, each with a traditional meaning. An exploration of the possible derivations and routes of diffusion of this custom reveal that it has much more complex origins and meanings than is commonly assumed by most New Orleanians.     

Portraits in the Background of “Nothingness” Sheikh Jabber Burnt House, an Object of Persian Gulf War

War is a common heritage of Middle East, the experience of war was changed to a dramatic propaganda in Iran while the southern neighbor of Iran experienced it in another way: oblivion. In such a context, both states attempt to change the facts of the war, one to a process of sanctification and one to the portraits of nothingness. We, as archaeologists, were accidentally encountered with a heritage of Persian Gulf War during a contemporary archaeology project. Our curiosity made us to take a look at Jabber house, a forgotten building, a domestic architecture destroyed by a racket during the war. What was recorded in our frames was actually an artistic work, out of its original context. Our subjectivity as archaeologists made us to think about the other objects fossilized in museums, they are out of their painful context and structure, they are only beautiful, the portraits in the background of nothingness, in a burnt gallery. Persian Gulf War is treated in Kuwait as a negative heritage, what is discussed in this article as the main theme??a negative heritage lost its original context and meaning: Sheikh Jabber house.     

Why a British referendum on EU membership will not solve the Europe question

This article scrutinizes the merits of holding a referendum over UK membership of the EU. It queries the assumption that direct democracy can somehow resolve the longstanding Europe question in British politics. To do this, the analysis traces the existence of an exceptionalist approach to the EU within Britain, now associated with re‐negotiating UK membership in the shadow of a referendum. The article argues that the prospects for a radical reconfiguration of the UK's treaty obligations are slim, thereby increasing the risk of a vote to withdraw. Yet withdrawal would be the opposite of a simple solution to the Europe question. Political and economic interests dictate lengthy politicking over a highly complex post‐Brexit settlement revisiting free movement of goods, services, capital and people. Such negotiations undermine any mooted cathartic benefits of a popular vote, while Eurosceptics will remain dissatisfied in the event of a yes, a result likely to further destabilize the Conservative Party. Consequently, the simplicity and decisiveness that a referendum—particularly one that spurns the EU—promises is merely a mirage as relations with the EU necessarily form part of an enduring British political conversation.     

The Organized Anthroposphere

The evolution of life on earth, the appearance of man, and social and historical progress are viewed as stages in a single process of development of the surface of the earth. Using the forum of a popular-science journal, a Soviet geographer noted for his theoretical work on regionalization envisages a time when the natural geographic envelope of the earth (atmosphere, hydrosphere, biosphere) will be so saturated with man-made engineering structures as to become a new entity called anthroposphere. This entity will have the characteristics ot a world-wide city with its municipal institutions. It will be highly organized in combined functional-nodal regions, benefitting from a multilevel system of services and a hierarchy of transport centers. It will be a “superorganism” with remarkable analogies to a living organism.     

Account of a Roman Sepulchre at Geldestone,Norfolk

Rescue excavation between 1988 and 1990 in advance of river erosion examined a substantial part of the small medieval rural hospital of St Giles by Brompton Bridge and later post-medieval farm. Established in the latter half of the twelfth century for the infirm, including lepers, the hospital layout consisted of a detached stone chapel adjacent to the river crossing, with a timber hall to the west. This hall was destroyed by fire, and a sequence of timber buildings were then constructed in adjacent areas. By the fifteenth century these structures also included a stone building, possibly a refectory. The first small chapel was replaced in the thirteenth century by a larger structure, which went through a period of expansion and then subsequent contraction by the fifteenth century. Only in the fourteenth century were a hall, probably a guesthouse or the master's lodgings, and dovecote built adjacent to the chapel. The cemetery to the south of the chapel was partially examined. The site appears to have been a largely economically self-sufficient unit with an attached farm. The hospital was abandoned during the latter half of the fifteenth century, but the site and some of the buildings were subsequently reoccupied as a farm from the mid-seventeenth century. The farmhouse underwent conversion from a longhouse to a house of hearth-passage plan in the early eighteenth century. The former chapel was reused as a byre and additional stables constructed. The farm was moved to its present location to the south in the mid-eighteenth century and the former hospital site finally abandoned.     

THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN CAIRNS AND SETTLEMENT SITES

Summary. This article discusses the problem of how to relate a special grave construction to a particular settlement site. An example from the West Swedish Bronze Age is presented to pinpoint the difficulties of the chronological criteria and the drawbacks of using 'nearness' as a criterion.
The idea presented is that a relationship between a grave monument and a settlement site may be reflected in areas where the building material, the stones, were picked up. Such areas can be demonstrated in a test example from West Sweden, which showed that, under special circumstances, such a link may be valuable for solving the problem of how to relate a cairn to a settlement site.