民间石雕艺术

Chinese folk stone sculpture has long history in people's material and spiritual life, most of which are made by unknown craftsmen.They are of great value on art and historic culture to display splendid technique, tricky design and admirable creativity of ancient Chinese craftsmen. As to the use of stone sculpture, it can be used as the part and decoration of the architecture, formed to serve the religion or practical utensil for daily use or appreciation, which is might be called a grand book.     

明清家具装饰概述

The decoration of furniture in Ming and Qing Dynasties is an important part to display the grand achievement and advanced art level of that time, which echoes with the form and structure of the furniture. The following points can be studied for the decoration: the partly decoration, various methods and the topic and content of the decoration. Through long years' practice,special styles are created to dedicate obvious artistic characteristic and great value of beauty.     

Restituting Church Buildings and Negotiating Church Factions： Missionary Mapmakers and the Making of Local Networks （1712-1716）

At the turn of the 18th century, the Kangxi emperor initiated a large project to map the vast territories of the Qing. The land surveys that ensued were executed by teams of Qing officials and European missionaries, most of them French Jesuits first sent to China in 1685 and actively supported by the French crown. Early 18th century Jesuit publications foster a much-heralded claim that these missionary-mapmakers drew on their status of imperial envoys during the surveys to locally advance the position of the Catholic church. This article strives to explore the format/on of such local networks by these missionaries as they passed through the cities and towns of the Chinese provinces. On the basis of archival material, details emerge of contacts with local Qing administrators and Chinese Christians, and of attempts to purchase and recover local churches. This is then discussed against the background of the Rites Controversy, in an attempt to evaluate how such local networks relate to the rivalry between missionaries of different orders. The article emphasizes that there was （and perhaps is） no such thing as ＂pure science＂ by underscoring that important technical achievements such as the Qing mapping project are often shaped by complex networks and historical contingencies.     

Introduction： Interfaces in Qing Frontier History

Inspired by the vibrant state of the last several decades of scholarship concerning the Qing frontier, the three authors of this introduction organized the “International Workshop on Defining the Jecen： The Evolution of the Qing Frontier, 1644-1918,” which took place on May 25-26, 2012, at the sponsoring institutions-Hong Kong Baptist University and the Hong Kong Institute for the Humanities and Social Sciences at the University of Hong Kong. The primary objective of the workshop was to foster dialogue among colleagues from several Asian and North American institutions who currently are researching the Qing frontier. All participants were encouraged to contribute insights into long-standing questions based on the methodologies derived from their own scholarly backgrounds. Apart from aiming to break down unnecessary barriers of language, geography, and theoretical orientation, the conference also promoted two approaches to the topic that will simultaneously further the progress of contemporary pioneers and open fresh paths for future innovation.     

The Consolidation of the Suzerain-vassal Relationship between Tibet and Bhutan

Pho-lha-nas quelled the civil strife in Bhutan in 1730,and in 1734,and both sides of the conflict respectively dispatched envoys to Beijing to ask the Qing Court to confer honorific titles,which resulted in the final establishment of the Suzerain-vassal relationship between Tibet and Bhutan in the Qing Dynasty.However,the establishment of the political subordination relations did not necessarily eliminate the estrangement caused by the confrontations between Tibet and Bhutan in the past over 100 years.     

战“疫”时刻让世界见证中国力量与大国担当

At present,the Chinese government and the Chinese people are executing their fullrange of efforts to resist the onslaught brought about by COVID-19.Great progress has already been made,and the results have been rather unprecedented.Since the outbreak of the novel coronavirus pneumonis,Chinese President Xi Jinping has continued to speak with foreign heads of state or government,and international organizations,either via phone,in person or through letters,in which the topics focused on prevention and control of the disease and China's efforts to reduce the impact of the epidemic on its economy.     

战“疫”时刻 让世界见证中国力量与大国担当（英文）

正At present,the Chinese government and the Chinese people are executing their fullrange of efforts to resist the onslaught brought about by COVID-19.Great progress has already been made,and the results have been rather unprecedented.Since the outbreak of the novel coronavirus pneumonis,Chinese President Xi Jinping has continued to speak with foreign heads of state or government,and international organizations,either via phone,in person or through letters,in which the topics focused on prevention and control of the disease and China's efforts to reduce the impact of the epidemic on its economy.During a conference on coordinating epidemic control and socioeconomic development,     

漫话明清红木家具

The mahogany furniture in China of Ming and Qing dynasties is various in kinds and numerous in quantifies.It was widely accepted by all levels of the society for its high craftsmanship and aesthetic taste. Among them there are many treasures which are good for appreciation and collection.     

Costume,Ceremonial, and the East Asian Order: What the Annamese King Wore When Congratulating the Emperor Qianlong in Jehol in 1790

Emperor Qianlong of the Qing dynasty celebrated his eightieth birthday in 1790, for which Vietnam, Korea, the Ryūkyū Islands, Burma, and Mongolia sent delegates to the imperial summer resort at Chengde 承德 to pay homage. Curiously, the Annamese (or, Vietnamese) king NguyễnQuangBình (阮 光平), who had just defeated the Qing army, offered to appear in Qing costume and kowtow to the Qing emperor. The unusual act pleased Emperor Qianlong and infuriated the Korean delegates. What did costume and ceremonial mean in the context of the East Asian political and cultural order? Why did the British embassy to China led by Lord Macartney three years later cause friction with regards to sartorial and ceremonial manners? This lecture will address these questions.     

NEW BOOKS

Qing Dynasty Archives On the Dalai lamasThe Dalai Lama was one of the two leaders of the Gelug (Yellow) Sect of Tibetan Buddhism. It won the honorific title of the Dalai lama in 1653 from Qing Emperor Shunzhi, and the Living Buddha had since been following the reincarnation system under the supervision of the Central Government. His soul boy was not legal until he won the confirmation of the Central Government. Whenever there is the need not to go through the set system, Central Government permission is a must.The Dalai Lama also did his best to seek authorization of the Central Government which would therefore issue him certificate of authority and seal of power.All these were recorded in archives, part of which are contained in the book. Its major chapters contain 154 pieces of archives related with certification of the Dalai Lama and the Panchen Erdeni under the reign of Qing Emperor Shunzhi, the demise of the Dalai Lama and the Panchen Erdeni, efforts made to look for their soul boys, selection of th     

论乐平古戏台的艺术特征

It has been a popularity to build opera stages in the village of Le Ping in Jiangxi Province since the ancient time and a great number of the Ming and Qing Dynasties have been handed down to form a paramount of traditional art characterized with ancientness, abundance and beauty. The gorgeousness, the vigour and the elegance of the ancient stages are really rare in the Jiangxi Province even throghout China, which has already reached the peak of the building art of opera stage.     

西藏与布鲁克巴的宗藩关系巩固（英文）

正Pho-lha-nas quelled the civil strife in Bhutan in 1730,and in 1734,and both sides of the conflict respectively dispatched envoys to Beijing to ask the Qing Court to confer honorif ic titles,which resulted in the f inal establishment of the Suzerain-vassal relationship between Tibet and Bhutan in the Qing Dynasty.However,the establishment     

Frontier Stories： Periphery as Center in Qing History

Since at least the 1960s, the importance of the tremendous territorial expansion under Qing role to the modem history of China has been generally acknowledged. Indeed, one can say that the frontier story is one of the things that makes the Qing ＂Qing.＂ However, only in the last twenty years has the study of what is now termed the ＂borderlands＂ come into its own as a sub-field. This essay begins by describing some key concepts and terms in the study of the Qing frontier, including the Manchu wordjecen. It then raises the problem of narrative fiameworks, asking how we might best contextualize the growth of the empire, before going on to explore the implications of the discursive shift represented by the ＂New Qing History＂ and the extensive research on Qing borderlands associated therewith. A poem by the Mongol poet Na-xun Lan-bao provides the focus for a concluding discussion of a distinctive Qing frontier sensibility.     

在字母教学中渗透音标教学参考教学设计

正一、设计内容Go for it(Year Seven):Book I:Starter Unit 2What’s this in English?(Period one)二、教学目标By the end of the session,most Ss will be able to:1)read the names of the school things.2)ask and answer the names of school things by use of:What’s this in English?It’s a/an…3)read and write the letters Ii-----Rr,and these letters’pronunciations.These will be achieved by:a)Show the pictures of the school things,and then give the names of them.Teaching Ss how to read the names of the school things.At last Ss can read the names of the school things and know what are they stand for.     

Aquatic Bird Winter In Lhunzhub County （Ⅱ）

EDITOR＇S NOTE The water birds wintering in Lhunzhub are peculiar to the many wetlands subject to special protection in Tibet. With a view to preventing overspending and destroying the hilly areas and the grasslands, the State has been working hard to seek protection of the wetlands, and the Forestry Bureau of Lhunzhub County seeks to control soil erosion by planting trees and gross. The problem is that the lacul.farmers are still ploughing the.fields deeper and deeper so as to increase their grain output, which endangers the living conditians of those water birds that survive by hunting for leftover grain in the fields, and the black-necked cranes especially are now on the verge of extinction.     

Commerce and Empire in the Borderlands： How do Merchants and Trade Fit into Qing Frontier History？

As our understanding of the Qing empire and its various borderlands has evolved, so too have we come to appreciate China＇s early modem commercial sophistication. In recent North American studies of the Qing, the links between commerce and conquest have come under investigation, and we are increasingly urged to pay attention to merchants and merchant capital. But how should we understand the relationship between merchants and the Qing empire in the borderlands？ This article surveys selected work on the borderlands and commercialization, primarily in the Northwest and Southwest. The goal is to initiate a more comprehensive discussion of how to understand the intersection of commerce and empire while also making some suggestions for ways that borderlands history might shape future work on China.     

清朝川藏地方藏语文译员职缺设置考（英文）

正The extensive territory governed by the Qing dynasty is much larger than that of the Ming;the various ethnic groups living on this territory spoke different languages and the central government relied on translation to communicate with local people and to collect military and political intelligence.The history of how the Qing court     

Stone Pillboxes In Jinchuan

In the Tibetan-inhabited areas, there are four most famous holy mountains. One is Gyiamo MurdoMountain, towering over the upper reaches of the Dadu River in western Sichuan Province. To its west is the Greater Jinchuan and to its east is the Lesser Jinchuan. Two rivers meet on the southern slope of Murdo Mountain. Historically, this part of the world was called the Jinchuan area. During the Qing Dynasty (1644-1911), Emperor Qian-long three times sent troops to fight headmen of the Greater and Lesser Jinchuan areas. In the Jinchuan area, they encountered stubborn resistance from local troops entrenched in stone pillboxes.The Jinchuan area is mountainous and local villages were all guarded by pillboxes built entirely with stone slabs. In various shapes, they generally rose 20-50 meters high. Each side of the pillbox was complete with loopholes through which those inside could keep watch and shoot. And these stone pillboxes were all built in places accessible only by small paths.     

Painting and Photography in Foreigners' Construction of an Image of Qing Dynasty Law

In recent years,with the spread of the internet and the booming auction markets,combined with our new age of so-called "picture-reading," paintings and photographs concerning Qingjustice have overwhelmed our view.Scholars and nonscholars are attracted by them,and believe them to be showing real historical scenes.Pictures seemingly facilitate our grasp of the world more than mere facts do,but they actually demand readers' careful discrimination.The author of the present article has discovered that the initial British construction of a discourse about the cruelty of China's criminal punishments was related to this topic having been exposed by Chinese themselves.The seemingly real images or pictures have an unknown back story,and even contain a serious distortion of the truth.Such imagistic constructions by foreigners in fact directly or indirectly served the establishment and maintenance of foreign extraterritoriality in China.The living images recorded by foreigners' cameras not only constructed Western impressions of China and Chinese people as distant,thus strengthening contemporary Westerners' mental images of Chinese culture,but still urge us Chinese today to interpret the past in the light of such images.An icon of a blood-thirsty Qing legal system constructed through painting and photographic procedures became an objective fact,a collective consciousness that penetrated people's hearts and eventually led to modifications of those Qing laws.The mental construction of an icon influenced actual institutional movement.