Recent Studies in Jesuit History

The past two decades have witnessed an important shift in the historiography of the Society of Jesus. The older style of Jesuit history, flavoured with confessional polemics, and so often dependent on the work of Jesuit scholars isolated from the more secularly oriented academic community, had already ceased to dominate when John O'Malley's magisterial The First Jesuits appeared in 1993. ¹ 1 John W. O'Malley, The First Jesuits. (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1993).
Since then, the partnering of Jesuit and non‐Jesuit scholars has produced scholarship that is generally sympathetic to the Society's aims and methods while avoiding neither criticism of the Jesuits nor thorough, judicious use of archival materials. The significance of this trend is heightened by the declining numbers of Jesuits in North America and Europe, creating a situation where the advancement of Jesuit studies will, at least in these venues, increasingly become the responsibility of non‐Jesuits. With the passing of the Jesuit scholar of Jesuits, something is lost and gained; potentially greater objectivity towards the Society is offset by the loss of insight into the individual and corporate experience of being a Jesuit. The four books reviewed here illustrate in varying degrees these developments in the field.     

Parliamentary History: An Oblique Glance*

Because parliamentary history has entered the DNA of English and anglophone historiography, one readily forgets how unusual are its parameters and influence in wider historical writing in the West. This essay supplies a reminder that we can look sideways at that historiographical form and think about the place of parliamentary history in societies so different as those of the United States and Europe. Doing so reveals oddities in the place of parliamentary history in divergent cultures and brings into question the viability of the subject in the light of current persuasions that have become hegemonic – the cultural, the gendered, the global. The enquiry concludes that the future of parliamentary history will rest on its ability to come to terms with some of those persuasions and relocate itself within their imperatives.     

当今日本史坛值得关注的理论动向——阐析重构日本现代史观的三种理论

本文在序言中扼要介绍了日本现代史学中的两种传统观点 ,分析了 2 0世纪70和 80年代日本学术界对传统观点的质疑以及 90年代后这种质疑发展为三种强调日本战时和战后体制存在连续性的理论———“总体战体制论”、“现代日本经济体制源流论”、“1 94 0年体制扼要论”的根本原因 ,然后分四个部分阐述了这三种理论的立论宗旨、方法论原则、基本内容以及这些理论对日本现代史研究各个领域的广泛影响及遭到的批评。在余论部分 ,作者评析了这些理论。     

海外清史研究:历史、趋势与问题

<正>自1644年清军入关伊始,清朝以及清史研究就一直吸引着世界的眼光。清朝灭亡百年之后,中国人民大学清史研究所启动"百年清史学术史"项目,对百余年来清史研究予以回顾、反思和展望。鉴于海外清史研究的重要性,清史研究所特邀请日本、韩国、美国、英国、法国、意大利、俄罗斯、比利时等国学者撰写相关国家或地区百余年来的清史研究学术史。虽然未能邀请到所有域外国家的清史学者,但海外研究清史的重镇,如日本、美国、法国等,都全部在列。如此大规模地由各自国家的专     

Rural Youth Migration Trends in Australia: an Overview of Recent Trends and Two Inland Case Studies

Much of what has been written on the topic of Australian rural youth migration trends and processes has often proceeded from data‐free, or data‐poor grounds. In this context, this paper analyses recent trends in youth (15 to 24 years of age) migration for a temporally‐consistent set of Statistical Divisions (SDs) in inland rural Australia, and for local government areas within the Northern Tablelands and Slopes and Ranges of northern New South Wales and the Western Australian Central Wheatbelt. The paper finds that rates of youth loss from rural regions have increased over the past twenty years. Yet the patterns, processes, causes and impacts of rural youth migration are distributed in a spatially‐uneven fashion. Some remote areas are receiving net migration gains while booming ‘sea change’ coastal regions have experienced heavy losses. While the ‘flight to the bright city lights’ syndrome is evident, relatively high proportions of young people in the Northern SD of NSW move within their immediate region. Nevertheless, some common understandings concerning youth mobility were also confirmed. Gender differentials in migration propensity between women and men are evident even at quite local scales. Young people are also more likely to search out capital cities than the rest of the population. Most inland areas still continue to experience heavy losses of local youth. A more precise understanding of rural youth migration trends is an important stepping stone in the establishment of a reinvigorated research effort into young rural people's perspectives of their changing life chances in their home communities.     

From Margin to Centre: Recent Trends in Modern Italian Women's and Gender History

This article reviews the considerable progress that has been made in modern Italian women's and gender history over the last decade. It puts forward the argument that such history, whose roots lie primarily in the feminist movement of the 1970s, was until recently consigned to the margins of the historical establishment but is now beginning to make a much greater impact. The article looks at the richness of the current wave of new publications and the wide range of topics they cover but argues that in a number of areas the historiography is still somewhat uneven. It also suggests that there is a pressing need for works of synthesis to draw together the research that has been done to date.     

民国议会史研究述评

民国议会制是辛亥革命以后中国政治制度“承百代之流,而会乎当今之变”的主要创新之一。民国议会的建立及其运行不仅标示着民国时期中国人在建立现代国家的努力中民主政治发展的程     

近五十年来有关洪秀全的心态史学研究综述

本文所指心态史学,系指广义的心态史学,涵盖了心理史学（psychohistory）和心态史学（history of mentality）两个概念,前者起自弗洛伊德的精神分析学说,以精神分析学和历史学相结合的方法研究历史人物和历史现象,盛行于美国;后者起自法国年鉴学派对社会一文化史进行的研究,勃兴于法国。中国学术界对太平天国运动的研究绝大多数侧重于传统史学研究。但由于研究的详尽程度较高,史料繁多。     

(Re)assessing Parliamentary Policy Impact: The Case of the Australian Senate

A recent article in this Journal suggested that assumptions about the legislative influence of the Australian Senate may overstate its de facto power. Stanley Bach indicated that compromise with the Senate was relatively rare, and pointed out that most successful Senate amendments were government amendments. This paper provides an alternative view. We suggest that legislative influence is more subtle than Bach acknowledged, and that it is necessary to dig deeper in the data to fully understand the Senate's role. We therefore supplement his analysis in two ways: (1) through tracking the ultimate outcome of government defeats in the Senate; and (2) through analysis of two case study bills. We find that in confrontations with government the Senate ‘wins’ the great majority of the time. This shapes government behaviour in the chamber, such that many government amendments actually respond to non-government concerns. The most important element of Senate influence is therefore ‘soft power’– exercised through negotiation – backed up only in extremis by the ‘hard power’ of government defeat. This holds important lessons for the study of legislative influence more broadly, as well as demonstrating the true power of the Australian Senate.     

近年来清代边疆民族史研究的进展和新趋势

清代边疆民族史在中国史研究中是一个牵涉面颇广的交叉型的学术领域,既涉及到清代边疆(包括海疆与陆疆)、边政研究,又包含蒙古学、藏学、满学、维吾尔学、敦煌学、中亚学等专门领域成果,还有南方诸民族研究、跨境民族研究等等,远非笔者一个人的能力所能把握.因此,为了方便,本文将相关研究成果区分为中国疆域形成及相关问题、东北地区与满族、北方地区与蒙古、西北地区各族、西藏与藏族五个部分加以评论,限于篇幅,重点将放在北方边疆民族地区、各族别史和族际关系史上,时间上则主要限于2006-2007年间发表的成果,部分研究论著适当向前追溯.缺漏、疏误之处,敬请大家教正.     

论社会信息化的影响与冲击——从当代历史进程到世界史研究

20世纪中叶开始的社会信息化已成为有必要加以研究的重大历史现象.社会信息化的由来有其特定历史发展阶段中的技术、理论和认知上的背景及动因;社会信息化自身不仅在当代世界史中据有一席之地,而且已渗透到社会发展的各个方面;社会信息化进程给历史研究的对象、资料、理论、方法和手段等都打上深刻烙印.在现今信息时代,对当代世界史,进而对整个世界史展开深入研究时,不能无视社会信息化及其作用的存在.     

Revisions of the Vanquished: Some Recent Studies in New Mexican and Mesoamerican Colonial History

Vingt études sur le Mexique et le Guatemala. Réunies à la mémoire de Nicole Percheron. Edited by ALAN BRETON, JEAN‐PIERRE BERTHE and SYLVIE LECOIN. Toulouse: Presses Universitaires du Mirail, 1991. Pp. 381.

Literacy, Education, and Society in New Mexico 1693–1821. By BERNARDO P. GALLEGOS. Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press, 1992. Pp. viii, 119.

Nahuas and Spaniards: Postconquest Central Mexican History and Philology. By JAMES LOCKHART. Stanford: Stanford Universty Press, 1991. Pp. xiii, 304.

The Nahuas After the Conquest: A Social and Cultural History of the Indians of Central Mexico, Sixteenth through Eighteenth Centuries. By JAMES LOCKHART. Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1992. Pp. xv, 650.

Disease and Death in Early Colonial Mexico: Simulating Amerindian Depopulation. By THOMAS M. WHITMORE. Boulder, Colorado: Westview Press, 1992. Pp. xvi, 261.     

西方文化史研究的现状与趋势

当代国外的西方文化史研究具有实用性、多元化、国际化的特点,研究内容从单纯的政治文化、军事文化、宗教文化扩展到经济文化、社会文化、比较文化、心理发展文化以及影视文化等领域,研究视角大体包括概览性研究、分类性研究、阶段性研究、国别性研究、比较性研究、理论性研究。中国的西方文化史研究是随着西方文化在近代中国的扩张和传播而兴起的,上个世纪90年代以来成为一门重要的学科并取得了丰硕的成果,有关的著述大体可分为综述性、专门性、比较性和理论性四类。无论是国外的还是国内的西方文化史研究,许多涉及“西方文化史”本体的问题迄今仍未得到很好的解决。