荣宝斋木版水印制作技艺

正木版水印技艺是荣宝斋在传统雕版印刷(公元868年)的基础上,不断改进发展起来的。木版水印这一名称是在新中国成立初期,荣宝斋根据这门技艺的生产方法和用料特点而创造出来的,用以复制古今名家书画作品,向中外人士介绍中国名家书画艺术。荣宝斋木版水印技艺,记录了我     

西子湖畔的雕版隐者

中国的木版水印有两大最高技艺——饾版和拱花,很多雕版艺人宣称自己修成了这两大秘笈,但迄今为止,唯一让这两大技艺合体、让木版水印饾版拱花作品重现的,只有一位隐居于西子湖畔的雕版印刷高人。     

肝胆照人 文史共欣——纪念郑振铎诞辰百年[下]

《北平笺谱》和《海上述林》及其他１９３１年９月,郑振铎应燕京大学邀请,到燕大任教,讲授中国小说史、戏曲史等课程,兼顾《文学季刊》编务。１９３３年,鲁迅在上海写信给他,建议合作编印木版水印笺谱的问题。由于他们两人对我国古代版画艺术都有深湛研究,而且对出...     

拘留所走出的年画“掌门人”

朱仙镇位于河南开封县,被中国民间文艺家协会授予“中国木版年画艺术之乡”称号。朱仙镇的木版年画诞生于唐,兴于宋,鼎盛于明,被誉为中国木版年画之鼻祖,与天津杨柳青、山东潍坊、江苏桃花坞年画并称中国四大年画。其特色朴实,不染脂粉,色彩浓重,很有乡土味。     

滩头年画

<正>滩头位于湖南省隆回县东南部.距县城30公里这个风景秀美的小镇孕育了中国民间工艺美术珍品——滩头年画滩头年画是湖南省唯一的手工木版水印年画.它和全国最负盛名的天津杨柳青、山东潍坊、江苏桃花坞合称中国四大     

桃花坞彩色木刻年画──采茶春牛图

桃花坞彩色木刻年画──采茶春牛图凌波桃花坞位于江南水乡名城——江苏苏州阊门内。桃花坞自明代以来,就是我国著名的木版年画产地之一,它与天津杨柳青、山东潍坊和四川绵竹的木版年画齐名。桃花坞木版年画无论在内容、构图、雕版、套色等各方面都达到了一定的艺术高度...     

安阳苏奇木版灯笼画的包装设计与品牌塑造

本文在对安阳苏奇木版灯笼画艺术价值分析的基础上从设计定位、包装装潢设计、包装材料设计及品牌塑造这四个方面探讨了开发高品质苏奇木版灯笼画包装及品牌形象塑造的方法,以期其走出一条自我传承与发展的道路。     

探幽——木版年画自古出柳口

杨柳青木版年画肇始明末津门杨柳青（明代叫古柳口）,盛达清代康熙,清末呈家家会点染,户户善丹青之势。杨柳青民间木版年画驭其古代版画与彩绘之精华,施以木版套印与工匠手绘,题材广泛,构图丰满,和谐典雅,乃中华民族艺术之奇葩。     

朱仙镇木版年画 书写工艺美术百年传奇

朱仙镇的木版年画与天津杨柳青、山东潍坊、江苏桃花坞年画并称中国四大年画。年画作为中国独有的一朵艺术奇葩,是我国古老的民间艺术精华。朱仙镇在河南省开封市城南10公里,虽然是个小镇,明至清朝中叶却为中原商坞要冲,商业发达,经济繁荣。它与湖北汉口镇、江西景德镇、广东佛山镇合称中国四大名镇。朱仙镇木版年画距今已有800多年的历史,诞生于唐,兴于宋,鼎盛于明,历史悠久,源远流长,被誉为中国木版年画之     

东昌府木版年画研究——人类学视角下的审视与回顾

对近现代以来东昌府木版年画相关研究予以梳理与回顾,就不难发现其在研究内容和研究方法方面的双重转变。就内容而言,发生了从偏重艺术本体向强调艺术主体的转变,并将之与更广泛的年画生产、流通和消费等社会语境结合起来。就方法而言,田野调查方法的广泛运用不仅收集了木版年画方面大量的第一手资料,弥补了单纯历史文献研究的不足,也启发了新的研究视角与多元化路径的探索。     

Book Reviews

The Uses of History: Essays in Intellectual and Social History. The Meaning of Democracy As Used in European Ideologies from the French to the Russian Revolution. The Concept of Representation. The Greeks. The Moral and Political Tradition of Rome. Britain in the Roman Empire. Byzantiurn: The Imperial Centuries, A.D. 610-1071. The Medieval Town. The Office of Ambassador in the Middle Ages. Heresy in the Later Middle Ages. Paris and Oxford Universities In the Thirteenth and Fourteenth Centuries. Enterprise & Empire: Merchant and Gentry Investment in the Expansion of England, 1575-1630. The Down of British to the East Indies: As Recorded in the Court Minutes of the East India Company,1599-1603 The Correspondence of Isaac Newton. Volume IV, 1694-1709. Edmund Burke. The Practical Imagination. Britain and the Balance of Power in North America, 1815-1908. An Expanding Society: Britain, 1810-1900. The Chamberlains. Great Britain and the War of 1914-1918. Politics and Diplomacy of Peacemaking: Containment and Counter-Revolution at Versailles, 1918-1919. The Works of Jacques-Auguste de Thou. The Blood and Iron Chancellor: A Documentary-Biography of Otto von Bismarck. Germany without Bismarck: The Crisis of Government in the Second Reich, 1890-1900. The German Revolution of 1918: A Study of German Socialism in War and Revolt. The Nuremberg Party Rallies: 1923-39. The Fall and Rise of Modern Italy. Italy from Liberalism to Fascism, 1870-1925. The Origins of the Pact of Steel. Poland's Politics: Idealism us. Realism. The Land and Government of Muscouy: A Sixteenth-Century Account. Lenin: The Man, the Theorist, the Leader: Politics and the Military in Jordan: A Study of the Arab Legion, 1921-1957 The Chinese Communist Regime: Documents and Commentary. Sins of the Fathers: A Study of the Atlantic Slave Traders, 1441-1807. The American Revolution and the British Press, 1775-1783. The National Waterway: A History of the Chesapeake and Delaware Canal, 1769-1965. Patriotism Limited, 1862-1865. Union Pamphlets of the Civil War, 1861-1865. Grover Cleveland. Presidential Vetoes, 1792-1945. King Cotton and His Retainers: Financing and Marketing the Cotton Crop of the South, 1800-1925. The Negro's Image in the South: The Anatomy of White Supremacy. The Papers of Woodrow Wilson. Volume II, 1981-1884; Life of George Bent Written from His Letters. Charles Evans Hughes. Politics and Reform in New York, 1905-1910. The Pendergast Machine. Daily Lift in Early Canada. Mexico: The Struggle for Modernity. Church Wealth in Mexico: A Study of the ‘Juzgndo de Capellaanfas’ in the Archbishopric of Mexico, 1800-1856. The Twilight Struggle: The Alliance for Progress and the Politics of Development in Latin America.     

Book Reviews

Historical and Critical Essays. The Emergence of the Eastern World. The Family in Classical Greece. The War at Troy. Contours of the Middle Ages. The Life of Francesco Guicciardini. The Crisis of the Seventeenth Century: Religion, the Reformation and Social Change. A Manual of Siegcraft and Fortification. The French Enlightenment and the Jews. The History of Germany Since 1789. Raspail, Scientist and Reformer. The Tragic Week: A Study of Anticlericalism in Spain, 1875-1912. Franco, The Man and His Nation. A History of Sweden. Essays in Swedish History. The Early Fasas. A History of Sweden, 1523-1611. Russia and the Outbreak of the Seven Years' War. The Peasant in Nineteenth-Century Russia. The Origin of Forced Labor in the Soviet State, 1917-1921. Stalin, Hitler, and Europe: The Origins of World War 11, 1933-1939. English Cistercian Monasteries and Their Patrons in the Twelfth Century The Royal Policy of Richard II: Absolutism in the Later Middle Ages. Henry VIII. Charles II's Escape from Worcester. A Collection of Narratives Assembled by Samuel Pepys. The Later Correspondence of George III. Volume IV, 1802-1807. William Stubbs on the English Constitution. Life of John William Strutt, Third Baron Rayleigh O.M., F.RS. Celts, Catholics and Copperheads; Ireland Views the American Civil War. Anti-Catholicism in Victorian England. Britain and the Persian Gulf, 1894-1914. Ottoman Reform in Syria and Palestine, 1840-1861: The Impact of the Tanzimat on Politics and Society. Travels in Ethiopia. Smuts: The Fields of Force, 1919-1950. They Came for Sandalwood: A Study of the Sandalwood Trade in the South-West Pacific, 1830-1865. James Truslow Adams, Historian of the American Dream. Reinterpretation in American Church History. The Americans and the French. The Antinomian Controversy, 1636-1638: A Documentary History. A Rope of Sand, The Colonial Agents, British Politics, and the American Revolution. Attack on Quebec: The American Invasion of Canada, 1775. The Philosophy of the American Constitution. Origins of the Fifth Amendment. Mirror For Americans. Likeness of the Eastern Seaboard. 1810. Most Uncommon Jacksontans: The Radical Leaders of the Early Labor Movement. The Papers of Andrew Johnson. History of the Second Seminole War, 1835-1842. William Montague Browne: Versatile Anglo-Irish American, 1823-1881. The Gettysburg Campaign, A Study in Command. Presidential Reconstruction in Mississippi. The World of Andrew Carnegie: 1865-1901. The Emergence of the New South, 1913-1945. Progressive Politics and Conservation: The Ballinger-Pinchot Affair. From Prague After Munich: Diplomatic Papers, 1938-1940. The Faces of Power: Constancy and Change in United States Foreign Policy from Truman to Johnson. Drafted or Deferred: Practices Past and Present. The Supreme Court and Political Freedom. The Supreme Court and Administrative Agencies. The Extirpation of Idolatry in Peru. Brazil: The Land and People. Why Perón Came to Power. The Background to Peranum in Argentina.     

“京观”及其历史轨迹

“京观”是中国古代战争的产物,贯穿于中国历史的上古和中古时期,为华夏民族和周边兄弟民族所采用,目的是张扬武功。但是,由于“京观”这种形式过于血腥与残酷,故在以后的岁月不被使用;时至现代,演变为纪念碑的形式。     

Book Reviews

Herodolos the Historian: His Problems, Methods and Originality. Roman Foreign Policy in the East: 168 B.C. to A.D. 1. Kings and Queens of Early Britain. English Medieval Diplomacy. Criminal Law and Society in Late Medieval and Tudor England. The Power of the Early Tudor Nobility: A Study of the Fourth and Fifth Earls of Shrewsbury. Renaissance Essays. The English Aristocracy: A Comparative Synthesis. English Industrial Cities of the Nineteenth Century. A Social Geography. The Unfortunate Duke: Henry Pelham, Fifth Duke of Newcastle, 181 1–1864. The Politics of British Foreign Policy in the Era of Disraeli and Gladstone. The Scaremongers. The Advocacy of War and Rearmament, 1896–1914. The Great Devonian Controversy: The Shaping of Scientific Knowledge Among Gentlemanly Specialists. The Maupeou Revolution: A Study in the History of Libertarianism, France, 1770–1774. Policing Prostitution in Nineteenth-Century Paris. Royal Republicans: The French Naval Dynasties Between the World Wars. Pierre Laval: Traitor or Patriot? Diplomacy in Iron: The Life of Herbert von Bismarck. The Western Allies and the Politics of Food Agrarian Management in Postwar Germany. The Image of Peter the Great in Russian History and Thought. The Princess of Siberin: The Story of Maria Volkonsky and the Decembrist Exiles. Strategy and Supply: The Anglo-Russian Alliance, 1914–1917. The Cheka: Lenin's Political Police. The All-Russian Extraordinary Commission for Combating Counter-Revolution and Sabotage, December 1917–1922. The Economy of British America, 1607–1789. The Limits of Liberty: American History, 1607–1980. The Evolution of the southern Backcountry: A Case Study of Lunenburg County, Virginia, 1746–1832. The Ambiguous Iroquois Empire: The Covenant Chain Confederation of Indian Tribes with the English Colonies from Its Beginnings to the Lancaster Treaty of 1744. Politics and Statesmanship: Essays on the American Whig Party. First Lady: The Life of Lucy Webb Hayes. The Breadstealers: The Fight Against the Corn Laws, 1838–1846. The War Against Proslavery Religion: Abolitionism and the Northern Churches, 1830–1865. The March to the Sea and Beyond: Sherman's Troops an the Savannah and Carolinas Campaigns. Books and Libraries in Camp and Battle: The Civil War Experience. Phil Sheridan and His Army. Vengeance and Justice: Crime and Punishment in the 19th-Century South. The Haymarket Tragedy. The Anti-Monopoly Persuasion: Popular Resistance to the Rise of Big Business in the Midwest. By Steven L. Piott. (Westport, Conn.: Greenwood Press, 1985. Pp. x, 194. $35.00.) Malevolent Neutrality: The United States, Great Britain, and the Origins of the Spanish Civil War. The Invisible Hand of Planning: Capitalism, Social Science, and the State in the 1920s. The Liberal Mind in a Conservative Age: American Intellectuals in the 1940s and 1950s. The Truman Doctrine and the Origins of McCarthyism: Foreign Policy, Domestic Politics, and Internal Security, 1946–1948. Dirksen of Illinois: Senatorial Statesman. The Hoosier Politician. Officeholding and Political Culture in Indiana, 1896–1920. Frank Murphy: The Washington Years. Refugee Scholars in America: Their Impact and Their Experiences. Buffalo Soldiers in Italy: Black Americans in World War II. The Empire of the Seas: A Biography of Rear Admiral Robert Wilson Shufeldt, USN. The Indian Man: A Biography of James Mooney. American Indian Policy in the Twentieth Century. Edited by Vine Deloria, Jr. (Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1985. Pp. 258. $16.95.) Farm Workers, Agribusiness, and the State. American Sociology: Worldly Rejections of Religion and Their Directions. Still the Golden Door. The Third World Comes to America.     

兴隆洼文化的类型、分期与聚落结构研究

1980年代初期,中国社会科学院考古研究所内蒙古工作队通过对内蒙古敖汉旗兴隆洼遗址的发掘,首次揭示出了一种比赵宝沟、红山文化更早的新石器时代遗存,这种遗存后来被正式     

BOOK REVIEWS

The Faces of Fraternalism: Nazi Germany, Fascist Italy, and Imperial Japan. Hitler and Stalin: Parallel Lives. The Racial State: Germany, 1933–1933. The Silent Holocaust: Romania and Its Jews. The Devil Soldier. The Norman Achievement. Asia before Europe: Economy and Civilisation of the Indian Ocean from the Rise of Islam to 1750. Gentlemen and Tarpaulins: The Officers and Men of the Restoration Navy. Berlin Calling: American Broadcasters in Service to the Third Reich. The English Police: A Political and Social History. China: A New History. Kings and Lords in Conquest England. The Diplomacy of Imperial Retreat: Britain's South China Policy, 1924–1924. The Miracle That Was Macedonia. Goths and Romans, 332–332. The English Spa, 1560-1815: A Social History. Robert Boothby: A Portrait of Churchill's Ally. Russia's Balkan Entanglements, 1806–1806. Politics and War: European Conflict from Philip II to Hitler. Grand Strategies in War and Peace. Nicholas Jenson and the Rise of Venetian Publishing in Renaissance Europe. The Cambridge History of China. The News under Russia's Old Regime: The Development of a Mass-Circulation Press. Antiquity and Anachronism in Japanese History. The Unification and Division of India. Peasantry and Society in France since 1789. Germans against Nazism: Nonconformity, Opposition and Resistance in the Third Reich. The Invention of Scotland: The Stuart Myth and the Scottish Identity, 1638 to the Present. The Conquest of Christian and Muslim Spain, 1031–1031. Civic Calvinism in Northwestern Germany and the Netherlands: Sixteenth to Nineteenth Centuries. The Secularization of Early Modern England: From Religious Culture to Religious Faith. The Restoration Church of England, 1646–1646. Disorder under Heaven: Collective Violence in the Ming Dynasty. Roman Marriage: Iusti Coniuges from the Time of Cicero to the Time of Ulpian. Tom Mann, 1856-1941: The Challenges of Labour. The Origins of the Federal Theology in Sixteenth-Century Reformation Thought. International Theory: The Three Traditions. Nixon: Ruin and Recovery, 1973–1973. The Chairman: John J. Preacher: Billy Sunday and Big-Time American Evangelism. America in the Modern World: The Transcendence of United States Hegemony. Robert Cole's World: Agriculture and Society in Early Maryland. Woman of Valor: Margaret Sanger and the Birth Control Movement. Moving the Mountain: The Women's Movement in America since 1960. Playing Cowboys: Low Culture and High Art in the Western. George Scarborough: The Life and Death of a Lawman on the Closing Frontier. Night Boat to New England, 1815–1815. A Sorrow in Our Heart: The Life of Tecumseh. The Canadian Army and the Normandy Campaign: A Study of Failure in High Command. Hard Places: Reading the Landscape of America's Historic Mining Districts. The First Day at Gettysburg: Essays on Confederate and Union Leadership. Manufacturing Knowledge: A History of the Hawthorne Experiments. Woodrow Wilson. Francis Parkman, Historian as Hero: The Formative Years. The American Communist Movement: Storming Heaven Itself. Steinmetz: Engineer and Socialist. Northern Arizona University Half Slave and Half Free: The Roots of the Civil War. Partisans and Progressives: Private Interest and Public Polio/ in Illinois, 1870–1870. Christianity Comes to the Americas. Appalachian Frontiers: Settlement, Society, and Development in the Preindustrial Era. Quakers and Baptists in Colonial Massachusetts. Female Piety in Puritan New England: The Emergence of Religious Humanism. Colombia and the United States: Hegemony and Interdependence. Dubious Victory: The Reconstruction Debate in Ohio. The United States in Central America, 1860-1911: Episodes of Social Imperialism and Imperial Rivalry in the World System. America's Germany: John J. Beautiful Machine: Rivers and the Republican Plan, 1755–1755. From Paralysis to Fatigue: A History of Psychosomatic Illness in the Modern Era. Slavery and the Rise of the Atlantic System. The Victorian Homefront: American Thought and Culture, 1860–1860. Cochise: Chiricahua Apache Chief. The Mysterious History of Columbus: An Exploration of the Man, the Myth, the Legacy. Lincoln at Gettysburg: The Words That Remade America.     

《千字文》里探乾坤——古籍普查里的天地

本文以《易》解《千字文》,把《千字文》分为两部分,揭示了原文作者谋篇布局时法《易经·乾》卦之理,据典索字,以字表经,以使既定千字杂而不乱、缀而成文的良苦用心,对于深入挖掘《千字文》中蕴涵的哲学思想,发扬其作为蒙训国学教材的价值具有重要意义。     

Book Reviews

The World of the Phoenicians. The awakening of the Greek Historical Spirit. Imprisonment in Medieval England. Elizabeth and the English Reformation. A History of the Franciscan Order: From its Origins to the Year 1517. Venice and the Defense of Republican Liberty. Renaissance Values in the Age of the Counter Reformation. Florence in Transition. Volume II, Studies in the Rise of the Territorial State. The New Cambridge Modern History. Volume III, The Counter-Reformation and Price Revolution 1559–1610. The Aberdeen Coalition, 1852-1855: A Study in Mid-Nineteenth-Century Party Politics. Britain and the Congo Question, 1885-1913. The New Cambridge Modern History. Volume XII, The Shifting Balance of World Forces, 1898-1945. The German Conception of History. The National Tradition of Historical Thought from Herder to the Present. The Nazi Persecution of the Churches, 1931-45. A Cultural History of Tibet. Panditji, A Portrait of Jawaharlal Nehru. The Letters and Papers of Chaim Weizmann. English Edition. Series A, Letters. Volume I, Summer 1885 - 29 October 1902.     

Book Reviews

The Greeks and the Persians From the Sixth to the Fourth Centuries. Essays in Modern History. Selected from the Transactions of the Royal Historical Society on the Occasion of its Centenary. The New Nationalism. Europe Overseas: Phases of Imperialism. Kurt Tucholsky and the Ordeal of Germany, 1914-1935. The German Officer Corps, 1890-1914. Der Orden unter dem Totenkopf – die Geschichte der SS. Reichsführer … Briefe an und von Himmler. The Italian Campaign, 1943-45: A Political and Military Reassessment. Expansion and Coexistence: The History of Soviet Foreign Policy, 1917-67. The Parlement of Paris. Daily Life at Versailles in the Seventeenth and Eighteenth Centuries. The Rise of the Cistercian Strict Observance in Seventeenth Century France. The Royal Provincial Intendants: A Governing Elite in Eighteenth-Century France. Dilemma of Democracy: Tocqueville and Modernization. The Making of Early England. The Early Christian in Britain. Hubert Walter, Lord of Canterbury and Lord of England. Edward I A Medieval Society: The West Midlands at the End of the Thirteenth Century. The First Earl of Shaftesbury. Politics of Colonial Policy: The Board of Trade in Colonial Policy, 1696-1720. English Historians on the French Revolution. The History of the Royal Commonwealth Society, 1868-1968. Pacific Circle: Proceedings of the Second Biennial Conference of the Australian and New Zealand American Studies Association. American Imperialism: A Speculative Essay. White Over Black: American Attitudes Toward the Negro, 1550-1812. John Cotton on the Churches of New England. Benjamin Franklin Georgia and State Rights. Mission San Fernando. California: An Interpretive History. August Belmont: A Political Biography. The Great Rapprochement: England and the United Slates, 1895-1914. A Diplomat Looks Back. The Landing at Veracruz: 1914. The Mooney Case. Reciprocity and the North Atlantic Triangle, 1932-1938. The Forgotten Farmers: The Story of Sharecroppers in the New Deal. The Hawks of World War II. Eisenhower. The President Nobody Knew. Sam Johnson's Boy: A Close-up of the President from Texas. To Heal and to Build: The Programs of President Lyndon B. Johnson. British Honduras: Colonial Dead End, 1859-1900. Cuba: The Making of a Revolution. Daily Life in Colonial Peru, 1710-1820. Crown and Clergy in Colonial Mexico, 1759-1821: The Crisis of Ecclesiastical Privilege. Britain and the Onset of Modernization in Brazil, 1850-1914. A Missionary Voyage to the Southern Pacific Ocean, 1796-1798. Shoal of Time: A History of the Hawaiian Islands. Death in Life: Survivors of Hiroshima History in Communist China. The Fortunate Slave; an Illustration of African Slavery in the Early Eighteenth Century. African Zion: The Attempt to Establish a Jewish Colony in the East Africa Protectorate, 1903-1905.     

BOOK REVIEWS

The German High Command at War: Hindenburg and Ludendorff Conduct World War I. The Germans and the Final Solution: Public Opinion under Nazism. The Two Cities: Medieval Europe, 1050–1050. To the Ends of the Earth: Women's Search for Education in Medicine. Sylvia Pankhurst: From Artist to Anti-Fascist. Religion and Society in Russia: The Sixteenth and Seventeenth Centuries. The Production, Distribution and Readership of a Conservative Journal of the Early French Revolution: The Ami du Roi of the AbbÉ Royou. The Soderini and the Medici: Power and Patronage in Fifteenth-Century Florence. For King and Kaiser! The Making of the Prussian Army Officer, 1860–1860. A History of the Peoples of Siberia: Russia's North Asian Colony 1581–1581. Revolution in Russia: Reassessments of 1917. Nature Lost? Natural Science and the German Theological Traditions of the Nineteenth Century. The Athenian Democracy in the Age of Demosthenes: Structure, Principles, and Ideology. Soldiers of the Sun: The Rise and Fall of the Imperial Japanese Army. English and French Towns in Feudal Society. A War Imagined: English Culture and the First World War. The Man Who Knew Infinity: A Life of the Genius Ramanujan. Cinema and Soviet Society, 1917–1917. Before the Normans: Southern Italy in the Ninth and Tenth Centuries. Parliament under the Tkdors. Rewriting the French Revolution: The Andrew Browning Lectures, 1989. United Government and Foreign Polioy in Russia, 1900–1900. Dreadnought: Britain, Germany and the Coming of the Great War. Rebel Daughters: Women and the French Revolution. The “Nazi Menace” in Argentina, 1931–1931. Byzantium: The Apogee. From Ostpolitik to Reunification: West German-Soviet Relations since 1974. Philanthropy and the Hospitals of London: The King's Fund, 1897–1897. Saint Louis: Crusader King of France. Fields of Knowledge: French Academic Culture in Comparative Perspective, 1890–1890. Reform and Revolution: The Life and Times of Raymond Robins. Women in the Chartist Movement. Zvringli: An Introduction to His Thought. Soldiers of Christ: Preaching in Late Medieval and Reformation France. The Communists: The Story of Power and Lost Illusions, 1948–1948. A Policy Calculated to Benefit China: The United States and the China Arms Embargo, 1919–1919. la Mettrie: Medicine, Philosophy, and Enlightenment. The Protestant Crusade in Great Britain, 1829–1829.