Becoming Rafinesque: Market Society and Academic Reputation in the Early American Republic

This article focuses on how knowledge came to be valued in conflicting ways in the American Republic during the 1820s and 1830s – one based on a market model that considered knowledge to be a commodity for sale, and another that produced cultural value through social connections created in new academic institutions. Constantine Rafinesque, who taught at Transylvania University in Kentucky, and his research in the natural sciences serve as an example of the first sort of scholarship. His life also illustrates how a market society could lead to dandies, like Rafinesque himself, even in academia, and how that threatened both new middle class social proprieties and a system of clubby social relations that had come to dominate America’s colleges and universities in the early nineteenth century.     

民国时期江汉平原的粮食市场

粮食贸易在民国时期江汉平原的农村经济中占有重要地位,粮商及粮商组织、粮食加工和运输、粮食价格、粮食集散和粮食存储等几个方面反映了民国时期江汉平原的粮食市场的基本情况。粮食贸易将大量的基层市场、少量中间市场和几个中心市场联系在一起,粮食价格的趋同性表明这个地区当时存在着完整的粮食贸易体系,但相关市场特征又表明这个市场是不完善的。     

清末民初吕梁山的高脚行

从18世纪末至19世纪初,直到1921年(民国十年)太军(太原至军渡,后延伸至陕西绥德,也称太绥公路)公路兴建前夕,吕梁山地区交通比较闭塞,沟通山陕之间有一条主要运输线,对当时的商贾活动、人民生活以致国家的公文传递,民间的信息往来,都起过非常重要的作用。     

民国时期中西交通史课程设置

"中西交通史"列为大学课程之一,在中国为时并不太晚。1920年留美归国的陈衡哲在北大开设"欧亚交通史",盖为中西交通史进入大学课程之始。1930—1940年代,随着相关中外研究著作和译著的日益增多,在大学讲授中西交通史性质课程者明显增加,如张星烺、郑鹤声、郑师许、周传儒、王国秀、陈受颐、向达、孙毓棠、郭廷以、张维华、叶国庆、朱谦之、翁独健、姚从吾、冯承钧、韩儒林、白寿彝、方豪等。作为一种专门化程度较高的课程,中西交通史并非一般教员所能胜任,而且因其在大学史学系课程中的地位并不突出,没有制度化的保证,故该课程的开设常随教员流动而时断时续。     

Between the Far East and the West: The Useful Instruction of Market Exchange and Garden Design

Though more connected today than ever before, the Far East and the West are still divided by an issue which first arose more than 400 years ago: the complaint of the West that its ideology has never been fully adopted by China. To provide a useful conceptual framework for a discussion of this intriguing situation, this essay invokes the instructive give-and-take of market exchange on the famed Silk Road in the long ancient past and takes a careful and close look at the analogous enactment of the same principle in the quiet but consequential transplantation of Chinese horticultural and related philosophical ideas to England and continental Europe in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries and in the initially skeptical but eventually appreciative reception of many Western political and technological ideas in China in the last two centuries.     

Friendly Relations: Situating Friendships Between Men and Women in the Early American Republic, 1780–1830

Men and women who became friends in the early American republic struggled with societal worries about the purity and chastity of their friendships. More so than other pairs of friends, heterosocial friends had to attend to how their friendships appeared to those around them. One of the most important ways of doing so was positioning a friendship in relation to spouses. In an era when marriage was the central structure for relations between men and women and fears of seduction and ruin were rampant, friends of the opposite sex needed to integrate their friendships within their marriages. This paper examines how men and women did so through the lens of their correspondence. Navigating a society without clear boundaries or rules for conducting a friendship between a man and a woman, individual pairs of friends improvised to create safe friendships in person and in letters. The careful intertwining of marriages and friendships they created demonstrates the way intimate social relationships were embedded in the social fabric of the early American republic.     

论民国时期中西史学交流的特点

民国时期的中国史学在欧风美雨的浸润下,艰难地然而终于剥离传统史学的脐带,迈向史学现代化的新途。在这一过程中,中西史学的交融呈现鲜明的特点：史学的传播渠道由欧美直接输入为主,以取代从日本的间接输入;中国学人留学欧美成为时尚,从欧美学成归国的留学生在中西史学的交流中发挥了不可或缺的作用,是传播西方史学的主体;而传播的内容以西方史学理论与方法为主,历史哲学的引入更令人瞩目;出版机构在民国时期中西交流中起到重大和显著的作用。     

地方治理与利益诉求:民国初年陕绥划界纠纷研究

陕绥划界是民国初年西北地区省界调整中发生的一起政治事件。上自北京政府、陕绥各级地方政府,下到争议区的伊克昭盟王公、士绅民众,分别从国家政令统一、边疆安全、争议区经济利益归属、基层社会事务决策权归属等角度,围绕蒙陕边界地区的划界问题展开利益诉求。蒙陕边界地带士绅民众在清末督办蒙旗垦务大臣贻谷整理垦务时期认购土地,拥有了争议区土地的所有权,其是否会因为政权更迭而发生改变,遂成为陕绥划界纠纷的核心问题。在近八年的纠纷过程中,北京政府与地方政府、地方政府与地方政府(陕、绥双方)、地方各系势力与两级政府之间展开利益角逐。最终,北京政府让步于既成事实的陕西一方,即移民不可能退回去的事实。而陕北沿边地方政府和士绅利用自身的威望和号召力,对争议区内民众进行宣传和引导,组建利益共同体,维护地方社会事务话语权的“正当性”。     

赤峰市旅游市场定位与营销策略研究

本文对赤峰市旅游市场现状进行系统分析发现:该区旅游市场结构以国内旅游者占绝对优势;旅游者以中青年居多,其分布表现出时间上的高度集中性和空间上的近距离性,行为特征表现为休闲观光比重大、散客多、逗留时间短等。针对这些特征,笔者从空间定位与类型定位两方面对赤峰市旅游市场进行探讨,将区内客源市场细分,确立了三级客源市场,提出不仅要将目标市场定位在拥有双休日的中青年市场,同时应该关注6-9月份有闲暇时间的青少年市场、老年市场、学生市场和教师市场等。文章最后从产品策略、价格策略、形象策略和促销策略等四个方面进行了相应的营销策略研究,并将赤峰市的旅游产品从深度和广度上进行组合,设计出"八大旅游区"和"八条精品旅游线"。     

捷克·克鲁姆洛夫 去那中世纪的波希米亚

<正>穿过波希米亚,从布拉格到捷克南部小城克鲁姆洛夫,只有不到3个小时的车程。即便是午饭之后再出发,到达时也还有足够的时间来享受一杯咖啡或啤酒,慢慢等夕阳穿破蓝天和白云,照在城堡里高高的彩绘塔上。时间流淌在光阴的指缝间相比起捷克东部的摩拉维亚·克鲁姆洛夫(Moravian Krumlov)小镇来说,南波希米亚的捷克·克鲁姆洛夫(Cesky Krumlov)更为著名。它被络绎不绝的观光客简称为CK,并以多彩的波希米亚元素和历史久     

Periodicity and Market Interactions

This paper develops two systems of modeling periodic shopping behavior. The first approach uses a system of Volterra equations to define interactions between populations of consumers and firms in a special market. The second approach develops the relationship between trip length, frequency, and time for consumers in the context of the place utility model. The final section investigates ways of integrating the two approaches.     

Logboats from Bohemia and Moravia,Czech Republic

More than 40 logboats are known from the Czech Republic, and at least 20 are preserved in repositories or regional museums (seven in Moravia, 13 in Bohemia). Two further vessels remain in situ. Many logboats are known from neighbouring countries, but until recently vessels from the Czech Republic have not attracted the same research interest. Only five Czech vessels (two from Bohemia and three from Moravia) have been dated by absolute methods. Several more have been assigned tentative dates on the basis of context or close similarity to other dated vessels. This article presents a summary of current evidence. © 2009 The Author