传统法治文化对当前地方法治政府建设之启发

中国传统法治文化是中华几千年国家治理的智慧结晶,在不同历史时期具有不同的文化特点,也存在自诞生之初就无法克服的不足之处,如强调人治、维护宗法、重刑轻民等。但是,传统法治文化有很多值得我们吸收改进的有益之处,尤其在教民、治吏与息诉这三点上,对当前地方法治政府建设有着重要的借鉴意义。本文结合包括福建本地的一些法治实例,阐述传统法治文化的特点和不足,以"从严治吏"为重点,对如何更好的建设地方法治政府提出几点个人思考和建议。     

从习俗到法治——试析英国法治传统形成的历史渊源

英国的法律体系经由习俗到普通法,再到议会立法三个阶段的发展,最终确立了英国的宪政体系和法治传统。在这一漫长的历史过程中,自下而上的法律渊源,诺曼贵族的法制努力,以及英国社会经济力量的变化和各阶层的抗争,都对英国法治传统的形成产生了巨大的影响。     

《法治与实践》序

白廷举同志请我为他行将正式结集出版的《法治与实践——青海法学实践问题研究报告》作序。这使我颇感为难。虽然,我曾为一些朋友的文学作品写过序。文学是我终身的爱好,自己好歹还顶着一个作家的名份。也曾为科技、教育方面的文集写过序。教育、科技可以说是我份内的工作,若不论水平的高低,大体可以说出个一二来。但对于法学,实在是不敢贸然下笔啊!     

民国初年的法治思潮

民国初年,革命党人及社会各界人士都积极鼓吹以法治国、依法行事,热望将中国建成民主共和的法治国家。同时,兴办法政(法律)学校形成热潮,各种法律书籍大量出版,汇成一股颇有声势的法治思潮。在此期间。伍廷芳对陈其美以军政干涉司法和越权滥捕的行为进行的抵制、批驳和斗争,则成为这股思潮涌动中激起的浪花。     

概述抗日战争中的芷江机场

湘西芷江机场作为中国和盟国空军的基地,在对日空战、支援陆军作战及空中运输等方面发挥了重要作用,这在抗战后期的几次重大战役中尤显突出。本就芷江机场的修建、使用及在芷江受降中发挥的作用进行概述。     

试论中国政治思想中的传统法治观

推荐书江伟同学的《试论中国政治思想中的传统法治观》的前半部分,总结了中国传统的法治思想,有独到见解;后半部分引发了当今法治思想中的一些问题,不落俗套,颇有新意。该文尚未发表,愿向贵刊推荐。江伟同学已于１９９７年５月通过博士论文答辩,并于１９９７年１０...     

Rule of Law: A Comparison between Ancient Persia and Ancient Greece

The ancient Persian empires are denoted as despotic, practicing arbitrary rule while Greece, Persia's archrival during the sixth to fourth century BC, exercised rule of law. This paper uses a contract theory framework to analyze some of the geographical and environmental underpinnings of the existence of rule of law in the city-states of ancient Greece and its absence in Persia. I discuss the role of geographical conditions of land (open plains versus mountains), population pressure, proximity to the sea and form of trade (overland versus overseas) as factors conducive to rule of law in the city-states of ancient Greece and to despotism in ancient Persia. Specifically, the role of trade via land in Persia prior to the fifth century BC is compared to the role of sea trade (alongside with piracy) in ancient Greece. I argue that in ancient Persia monarchs could tax or expropriate much of the gains from overland trade, preventing the accumulation of an independent form of wealth by merchants. In Greece, sea trade alongside the practice of piracy led to gains from trade that could not be easily expropriated by the monarchs and acted as a balancing force vis-à-vis the power of the monarchs, creating a basis for rule of law in the Greek city-states.     

论西北少数民族地区法治政治发展中的法制建设——以《民族区域自治法》配套建设为视角

我国足多民族的社会主义国家,能否处理好民族关系决定着多民族国家的兴衰安危。随着经济社会的发展,特别是中共十七大提出要“全面落实依法治国基本方略,加快建设社会主义法治国家”以来,加强民族法制建设也成为时代的必然要求。在新形势下建立起以法律调节为核心的民族关系调节体系,为进一步构建全面协调可持续发展的和谐民族关系,为促进新时期经济社会全面进步奠定了良好的社会基础。     

法治:党的执政方式的重大转变

确立“依法治国,建设社会主义法治国家”的基本治国方略,标志着中国共产党的执政方式由人治到法治的重大转变。以毛泽东为代表的第一代领导集体的基本治国思路是政策治国,倾向于人治。以邓小平为核心的第二代领导集体强调治国方略的民主与法制化,摈弃人治,确立了走法治之路的基本方针,以江泽民同志为核心的第三代领导集体最终确立了“依法治国,建设社会主义法治国家”的基本方略,这对于建设中国特色的社会主义具有重要的意义。     

On the Sources of Instability in the Rank-Size Rule: Some Simple Tests of Gibrat's Law

While the implications of the Simon model of urban growth, e.g., the rank-size rule, have been explored in numerous papers, the assumptions of that model have not, to my knowledge, been subjected to empirical verification. This paper represents an initial attempt to do so, emphasizing those sources of variation in the growth of cities typically singled out in Simon's verbal statements of the model: births, deaths, rural-urban, urban-rural, and urban-urban migration. It is found that over the recent past the assumptions concerning these components are all violated and violated in the direction of upward curvature away from the log-linear relationship between city size and rank predicted by the model, an upward curvature which we in fact observe.     

1932年《铁道法》形成的历史路径及其实施阻力

1932年中国历史上第一部铁路基本法——《铁道法》正式颁布。《铁道法》的诞生,既迎合了近代国人对铁路国有化的产业发展路径,也符合了铁路法制由简至繁、由缺至全的演进路径。《铁道法》是国民政府推行铁路产业政策的根本性立法,但在实施过程中受到了阻力,在不断的外耗与内耗中效力有限。     

Plurality and the Rule of Love

Abstract

This article constructs a positive theological case for liberal multiculturalism through a close interrogation of the exegetical methods of Augustine of Hippo (354–430). Drawing out the political implications of the charitable hermeneutics of De doctrina christiana, I suggest that Augustine authorizes political theology to respond generously to multicultural practices of social co-existence and notions of “deep diversity.” In this guise, the Augustinian method of Scriptural reading provides a means of cherishing diverse cultural forms. Yet, alongside these inclusive affirmations, Augustine’s Scriptural politics suggests that liberal multiculturalism should not be an uncontested project for the Church. In place of a politics of separatist autonomy or passive tolerance, Augustine points us towards a radical politics of difference rooted in a fusion of truthfulness and love     

Reflections on the Transformation in Mexico

This article offers panoramic portrait of Mexican politics since the election victory of Andrés Manuel López Obrador’s Morena movement in July 2018. Along its path to overwhelming success, Morena presented a vision of a historic transformation of a thoroughly corrupted Mexican state. Morena’s opponents viewed its emergence with anxiety, as a radical, populist, leftist force. But the new regime has been extremely cautious, affirming existing geopolitical and security commitments and pursuing conservative macroeconomic policies. Working within these constraints, the López Obrador government has largely focused on a moral transformation of the state. The context of Morena’s victory was the ongoing collapse in the Mexican state’s monopoly of force and its historic complicity with criminal and paramilitary violence. The government’s post-election approach has included a public reckoning with state crimes, from 1968 to Ayotzinapa. But its primary strategy has been one of ostentatious political asceticism. Rhetorically, this encompasses ideas of ‘political love’ and ‘republican austerity’; in practical terms, it includes campaigns of public frugality and the performative vulnerability of the president himself. In closing, we analyse the proposed National Guard, arguably the centrepiece of Morena’s putative state transformation, a policy condemned by some as renewed militarisation in the name of utopian republicanism.     

Monuments and nationalism in modern Mexico

A key feature in the cultural repertoire of Mexican nationalism has been the excavation and reconstruction of the archaeological sites and monuments of the pre‐Hispanic past. They afford tangible witness to the foundations of Mexican history and the putative existence of the Mexican people in the civilisations of Mesoamerica. Although in the colonial period creole patriots identified the Aztec empire as their classical past, it was not until the Mexican Revolution that archaeological sites and monuments were integrated into the nationalism that accompanied and characterised that movement. The chief author of this cultural turn was Manuel Gamio, a professional archaeologist and liberal nationalist, whose extensive writings thus demand attention. But although he emphasised the grandeur of the pre‐Hispanic civilisation, he advocated the complete incorporation of the contemporary Indian peasantry into the Mexican nation.