Metternich and the Ottoman reform movement

The goal of the paper is to illuminate Metternich's attitude towards possibilities of reform in the Ottoman Empire and the reasons for his interest and practical steps taken in this matter. The paper attempts to provide an accurate account of an important, but until now, entirely ignored, aspect of Metternich's diplomacy and offer further proof that Metternich was not the benighted reactionary depicted in the nineteenth-century historiography, but a conservative keenly aware that the conservative order could survive only if reformed so as to adapt it to the realities of a post-revolutionary age.     

Rethinking the Ottoman Imitation of Persian Poetry

This article revisits the common discourse that Ottoman poetry is a derivative imitation of Persian poetry. I begin by surveying and discussing the discourse of imitation that has pervaded approaches to Ottoman poetry in particular and Ottoman literature in general. Then I turn to explore how Ottoman poets engaged with Persian poetry by focusing on a lyric poem composed by the Ottoman sultan Süleyman the Magnificent (1494?1566) in imitation of the Persian master poet Hafiz of Shiraz (ca. 1315?90). In light of intertextual analysis, I illustrate and discuss the intricate ways in which Süleyman models himself on Hafiz in crafting his poem. I conclude with the idea that a closer analytical look at Ottoman poets’ intertextual dialogue with Persian poetry can offer better insights into the Ottoman reception of Persian poetic models as well as into the meaning and workings of imitation in the Ottoman literary context.     

隋末唐初东突厥与中原势力的关系

本共分三个部分,第一部分论述隋末唐初东突厥分化操纵中原各派势力的史事;第二部分分析东突厥对付中原各派势力的策略,指出不同时期东突厥的策论有不同的特点和变化;第三部分讨论东突厥分化操纵中原势力的几种措施,措施的特点以及形成的原因：承袭突厥的传统、借鉴隋朝的经验、利用居住突厥的胡人和华人的作用等等。最后还讨论了东突厥这些措施与中原民族的差异。