The Wortley Park Poachers and the Outbreak of the English Civil War

Abstract

On the eve of the Civil War, Sir Francis Wortley's deer park near Sheffield attracted the persistent attention of well armed plebeian poachers. The killing of Wortley's deer was an act of defiance that slighted his honour. His reputation was further undermined by the verbal abuse of several yeoman, prompting him into defending his reputation in the West Riding Quarter Sessions and the High Court of Chivalry. An examination of this litigation leads into a discussion of Sir Francis's concept of honour, distrust of popular politics and identification with the ideology of Charles I's personal rule. A micro-history approach to Sir Francis and his poacher enemies addresses the historiographical debate over whether deference or defiance defined plebeian attitudes to the ruling elite. It also impacts upon the formation of popular allegiance at the outbreak of civil war, and Wortley's brief notoriety as a national figure when he drew his sword for the King at York on 30 April 1642.     

Economic and environmental changes during the 4th and 3rd millennia BC: the 25th Jubilee Symposium of the AEA in Bad Buchau,southern Germany

Abstract

This study represents the first detailed published analysis of a relatively large archaeologically derived faunal assemblage in eastern Beringia for the Late Pleistocene/Early Holocene. The faunal remains, dated to 10,100 cal. BP, are well preserved and have highly resolved spatial association with lithics and hearth features. Factors in the formation of the assemblage are assessed through analyses of weathering, presence/absence of carnivore damage, fragmentation patterns, bone density, and economic utility. Taphonomic analyses indicate that human transport and processing decisions were the major agents responsible for assemblage formation. A spatial model of wapiti and bison carcass processing at this site is proposed detailing faunal trajectories from the kill sites, introduction on site in a central staging area to peripheral marrow extraction areas associated with hearths and lithic items. Data from mortality profiles, spatial analysis, and economic analysis are used to interpret general economy and site function within this period in Interior Alaska. These data and intersite comparisons demonstrate that considerable economic variability existed during the Early Holocene, from broad spectrum foraging to efficient, specialized terrestrial large mammal hunting.     

Herbert Vere Evatt and British Justice: The Communist Party Referendum of 1951

Abstract

Through his role in the early United Nations, Herbert Vere Evatt is often credited with having advanced the cause of international human rights. But in 1951, Evatt articulated an alternative understanding of the roots of liberty, one centred on the role of British justice in checking ‘tyranny’ and ‘totalitarianism’. This neo-Roman conception of freedom had long competed in Evatt's thought with a belief in the need for an unfettered executive to achieve desirable social and economic goals. Although inconsistent in defence of liberty across his career, Evatt succeeded in this campaign because his case harmonised with contemporary understandings of freedom and its enemies in a post-war British-Australian community.     

五帝时代与华夏文明--读《五帝时代研究》

在中国的历史长河中,华夏文明早期阶段被称为"五帝时代".按时间顺序排列,所谓"五帝",分别指黄帝、颛顼、帝喾、尧、舜.五帝是代表具体人、族团和族团世袭领袖的名号,具有多层次的含义.五帝之间的关系,是领袖的继承和分支、从属关系.当时社会形态呈现出以宗主国为核心的联邦国家体制.由于五帝时代距今年代久远,加上资料匮乏,人们对它的印象似已显得不太清晰.许顺湛先生根据历史文献记载与最新考古成果,经过多年的艰苦探索和笔墨耕耘,于近期推出了他的新著<五帝时代研究>一书,从宏观和微观上对五帝时代进行多视角全方位的研究,提出一系列新的看法,大大开阔了人们的视野,使我们对五帝时代有了一个全新的认识,读后给人留下深刻的印象.笔者以为这是一部研究五帝时代的重要著作,也是探索中国史前考古、研究中国国家和华夏文明起源与形成的重要著作.该书由中州古籍出版社出版,共分10章38节,计78万言,可谓鸿篇巨制,洋洋大观.     

Social Science and the Discovery of a 'Post-Protestant People': Rowntree's Surveys of York and their other Legacy

Abstract

Despite the bitter criticism it evoked, both from clerical professionals and lay experts on its publication in 1951, Rowntree's and Lavers's English Life and Leisure survived to become an enduring classic of modern British social science. Yet, in many ways, the respectability it eventually achieved now masks the true radicalism of its findings. Building on fifty years of his own social survey work in York, Rowntree (and his collaborator) were able to show the full extent of the decline of church organization, affiliation and attendance in twentieth-century Britain. They also demonstrated just how these processes had particularly affected the Protestant community — most notably the Nonconformist Protestant community — in England. Finally, they went on to demonstrate how that — institutional — decline was increasingly related to changes in, and a diminution of, specifically Christian beliefs amongst the population as a whole. Their results anticipated many of the conclusions of the 'pessimistic' sociologists of religion in the 1960s. They also constitute a profound critique of 'optimistic' historical revisionism in more recent years. As such, they are perhaps more relevant than ever.     

1954年中印协定与中印边界争端--和平共处五项原则创立50周年回顾

1954年中印协定是20世纪五六十年代中印边界争端中双方争论的一个焦点.当时的印度政府认为,1954年中印协定解决了中印之间包括边界在内的所有悬而未决的问题,是其主张的中印边界中段的条约依据,和平共处五项原则写入协定表明中国确认了印度政府主张的中印边界.中国政府认为,1954年中印协定和写入其中的和平共处五项原则与中印边界无关,更不能表明中国承认了印度主张的任何一段中印边界.中国政府的观点是符合历史事实的.印度政府坚持上述主张及其拒绝续签1954年中印协定的做法,只是为了把其主张的中印边界强加给中国,这对中印关系产生了极坏的影响.     

旅游体验的本质、类型与塑造原则

本文论述了旅游体验的本质,并区分了旅游体验的五种类型。本文认为,为了给游客塑造舒畅而独特的旅游体验,旅游景区的体验塑造应遵循差异性、参与性、真实性与挑战性四条原则。     

The Earls of Thanet and the Industrialisation of the Valley of Eller Beck at Skipton,North Yorkshire

The wooded valley of Eller Beck at Skipton in North Yorkshire became the focus for the early industrialisation of the town during the 18th century, as the Earls of Thanet pursued improvement of their estates. Initially, investment was directed towards the quarrying of limestone and its export via the Springs Canal. The quarrying interest had shifted further east to Haw Bank by 1785, and a network of dams and watercourses was then constructed to power a new cotton mill. The canal was extended concurrently, and a railway from Haw Bank to a new canal terminus was constructed, transforming the historic landscape in the valley beneath the north walls of Skipton Castle. Downstream from the cotton mill, enterprising new industry was established at the former manorial corn and fulling mills. Recreational use of the woodland has since become a significant component within the regional tourist economy, thereby initiating a discrete new industrial phase.     

在国家叙事与地方叙事之间——英国北约克郡乡村博物馆实践

作为工业化程度较低的非都市郡,英国北约克郡保存着完好的乡村景观和历史建筑。自19世纪,英国便出现乡村生活的博物馆化,在保护乡村景观的同时也致力于收藏、保存乡村记忆。北约克郡乡村博物馆的产生和发展植根于英国社会和文化情境。乡村博物馆实践不仅是国家价值的体现,也是调节社会结构和社会关系的重要机制。在国家话语体系内界定"乡村"的同时,也承担起塑造地方感和地方认同。反观我国乡村博物馆,其实践以20世纪90年代的生态博物馆建设为肇始,秉承对村落景观进行整体性保护的理念。然而,在具体建设中仍然面临激发村落居民文化自觉性,建立有效的运营、管理机制的挑战。     

五帝时代与中国古代文明的起源

首先,热烈祝贺许顺湛先生<五帝时代研究>大作的出版. 五帝时代是中国古代历史的开端,是中国古代文明起源时期,司马迁<史记>第一篇即为<五帝本记>,这就是有力的证明.     

五代版印实录与文献记录

五代是继唐代之后于十世纪上半叶出现在我国历史上的一个大动荡、大分裂的时代.五十三年的时间里,北方后梁、后唐、后晋、后汉、后周五代更迭;南方吴、吴越、前蜀、楚、闽、荆南(南平)、后蜀、南唐和北方的北汉十国并存.如果把后梁时期晋、齐、燕,后汉时期的清源,后周时期的武平,以及西北的定难等割据政权也计算在内,那就是十六国先后并立.     

明末儒家伦理的困境及其新动向

明末儒家伦理遭到了来自各方面的批评 ,并陷入了困境 ,诸如对“五伦”关系的前后顺序进行重新排列 ,夫妇、朋友二伦置于五伦之首 ;对君臣关系的新评价 ;相对主义孝道观的普及 ;对仁、义、礼、智、信“五常”的批评。明末是中国思想史上第一次大规模批评传统儒家伦理的时代 ,是近代文化与“五四”新文化的文化源头     

“不改变文物原状的原则”是文物保护和维修的根本原则

提要本文详细具体地阐释了"文物原状"的内涵和外延,提出了在文物保护维修中坚持不改变文物原状的八条原则。     

The Dynamics of the Electoral Geography of the Five Star Movement: The Role of Territorial Area and Municipality Size

ABSTRACT

The aim of the article is to trace the evolution of the Movimento 5 Stelle (Five Star Movement [M.5.S.]) over the last four national elections (the 2013 and 2018 general elections and the 2014 and 2019 European elections). In particular, our goal is to understand how the electoral support for the party changed, in the context of the broad transformations of the Italian electoral geography. In order to accomplish this goal, we investigate the explanatory role of the spatial dimension on electoral support, specifically in terms of geographical zone and municipality size. The M.5.S. is also compared with the two parties that reported the best results in the last European elections: the Lega (League) and the Partito Democratico (Democratic Party [P.D.]). Our results show that the recent European elections do not represent a turning point in the (electoral and geographical) history of the M.5.S.: its territorial rooting in the south of the country and in medium-sized municipalities are present from the 2014 European elections onwards. Interpretations and implications of these findings are discussed in the conclusions.     

The Cultural Economy of Soil and Water Conservation: Market Principles and Social Networks in Eastern Burkina Faso

Soil and water conservation interventions in Africa have had a chequered history, calling into question the way in which soil and water conservation technologies have been studied in the past. This article draws on a case study from eastern Burkina Faso to explore an area usually ignored by soil and water conservation studies — the role of social institutions in guiding decisions regarding the use of technologies. It looks at soil and water conservation through the historical development of what the authors call the ‘cultural economy’, that is, a system of exchange in which a market economy has mixed with pre‐existing forms of exchange. The approach adopted by the authors identifies concepts on which the cultural economy is based and uses these ideas to analyse institutions that affect the choice of soil and water conservation technologies. The article shows how this approach leads to a reconceptualization of the ways in which soil and water conservation technologies are to be considered.     

五代敦煌与中原间的画稿交往--读敦煌地理文书札记

敦煌石窟佛教艺术的发展规模和艺术水平深受中原地区佛教艺术的影响,而画样传入是影响的主要渠道,五代时敦煌佛教艺术风格程式化严重,这种情况与画稿单一不无关系。是敦煌与外部联系不畅还是其他原因,经研究,五代敦煌与中原仍存在画稿交往,程式化是当时中国佛教艺术的趋势在敦煌地区的表现。