Local Community Participation in the Planning Process: A Case of Bounded Communicative Rationality

The article contributes to the discussions of the relationships between planners and the local community, with a focus on the intervention of the planner in reaching reflexivity and just decisions. In spite of the commonly acknowledged phenomenon of local communities that protest against “unwanted” risk facilities, the principal contradiction in the problem formulation between their lifeworld and the structure of modern institutions has received little attention. This is the focus of the following case study, which explores the communicative activity of the local community within a planning process of mining in a new EU member state. In the theoretical section, I discuss the theory of Habermas to re-investigate the widely criticized foundations of communicative planning. I approach the statements of Habermas with the help of Luhmann to reveal that their different viewpoints may be complementary rather than oppositional. The empirical analysis focuses on the lifeworld of the affected community members and the decision-making process by institutions. The analysis reveals preconditions embedded deeply in the planning process that prevents community members from the introduction of their vision of the issue.     

外地游客与本地居民的城镇空间感知差异——以广东省佛山市南海区西部城镇为例

随着全球竞争的不断加剧,地方政府着力于塑造城市形象以吸引外部资源,这种效率导向的建设行为扩大了城市内部的空间差异,并使得外地游客与本地居民的空间感知产生差异。本文以语义差别法（SemanticDifferential）为分析工具,通过对广东省佛山市南海区西部城镇的实证调查,比较分析了外地游客相对于本地居民对城镇感知的评价特征。分析发现,研究对象的空间感知总体呈现平庸化的格局,但是外地游客对城镇生态环境品质、城乡空间差别方面的空间感知评价均优于本地居民,且这种评价与实地场景照片内容具有内在的一致性。研究最后提出,对旅游城镇而言,地方政府往往重点建设外地游客高频活动区域,易忽视对本地居民日常生活场所的建设投资,从而导致了两类社会群体对空间感知的语境差异。     

生态旅游社区参与模式的典型案例分析

社区是生态旅游关键的利益相关者。本文在对国内外有关生态旅游社区参与的理论和案例进行研究的基础上,从社区参与的角度,选取较具代表性的南部非洲自然保护区、中国云南哈玛谷社区、印度尼西亚哈里曼山国家公园和中国南岭国家森林公园作为研究案例,通过比较分析,提出生态旅游实践中存在非政府组织主导、社区自主、多主体共同开发和旅游企业主导4种社区参与模式。     

世界遗产保护的地方视角——以武夷山的城村为例

从现实来看,遗产与旅游关系密切。其一,遗产的潜在价值将是最直接的旅游资源,这可从蜂拥而至的大众旅游看出;其二,遗产旅游的独特性可能会使规划者依据需要选择遗产地的一些文化特质,一方面适应于全球化的模式需要,另一方面则凸显其地方文化特色。这一观点呈现出遗产地村落面临遗产旅游而可能发生的两种现象:去地方化与再地方化。本文将以武夷山城村古村落为个案,在重新审视世界遗产保护模式的基础上,考察村落共同体在遗产保护中的文化变迁与调适,以期说明去地方化和再地方化现象是地方(村落、民众等)应对当下遗产运动所做出的表述,由此强调遗产的地方性主体的文化自觉对遗产保护的重要意义。     

World Heritage and the Local Community: The Case of Atapuerca (Burgos,Spain)

As social constructions, heritage properties require the participation of all their stakeholders, especially in the case of UNESCO World Heritage Sites. The Atapuerca (Burgos, Spain) World Heritage Site is used as a test case for assessing the fulfilment of the local community’s development expectations, perceptions, and values. This paper is the first formal attempt to ascertain the opinions of residents in the surrounding villages — Ibeas de Juarros and Atapuerca — regarding the initiatives taken by the authorities, and the changes produced, since the site was included in the World Heritage List. The results show that many improvements can be made with the aim of democratizing the decision-making process, ensuring the involvement of the local community and improving their quality of life, in order to fulfil the spirit and recommendations of UNESCO.     

本土高星级饭店员工培训需求调查研究——以浙江省为例

员工培训是提高人力资源效率的最有效手段之一。在经济全球化的时代,在旅游业日趋国际化、竞争越来越激烈的浙江,以培训促进员工素质和工作质量的提升,成为本土饭店强化管理和竞争能力的重要手段。本研究以浙江省13家五星级饭店为样本,以问卷调查的方法,研究了高星级饭店员工的培训需求,并提出了有效培训的对策。     

以虹口公园为例论都市公园之命名

都市公园是都市重要旅游资源。都市公园命名是旅游文化、都市文化、地名文化之重要课题。本文以上海著名旅游景观虹口公园（鲁迅公园）园名问题为例,从个性与共性两大方面探讨都市公园之命名。     

Heritage Protection and Social Inclusion: A Case Study from the Bangladeshi Community of East London

The bodies charged with identifying and protecting England’s built heritage have not addressed the needs and aspirations of ethnic minority groups, thus marginalising their cultural identity. The Bangladeshi (Bengalee) community is the largest minority group in the London Borough of Tower Hamlets, and it has developed a distinct cultural and commercial identity within a defined geographical area. New and adapted buildings and streetscapes give a physical expression of British Asian culture in streets such as Brick Lane. Through consultation with community workers and leaders within the Bengalee community key areas, sites and buildings of significance are examined. Comparisons are drawn between those buildings and areas identified as being of special interest by English Heritage and the London Borough of Tower Hamlets with the Bengalee community’s values and view of built heritage. Possible mechanisms for the identification and protection of sites of importance to the Bengalee population are put forward.     

Urban and Rural Definitions in Regional Context: A Case Study on Turkey

Transformations in the urban and rural areas under the effects of global economic, social and political circumstances have rendered their boundaries more blurring. It has become increasingly difficult to make a clear distinction between urban and rural. This paper intends to bring definitions of urban–rural into discussion in the context of Turkey. It reveals the results of a research project (conducted by Hürriyet G. Ö?dül with Serkan Öngel and Habip Uluçay from Mimar Sinan Fine Arts University, Istanbul, Turkey, in 2007 and financed by the Scientific and Technical Research Council of Turkey and Mimar Sinan Fine Arts University Research Fund), aiming at revealing the degrees of the urbanity and rurality throughout the country, with an emphasis on the diversification of regions in the urban–rural context. The study is conducted at the NUTS 4 level. Districts are classified as “dominantly rural, dominantly urban and transitional” through the factor analysis based on six structures: agricultural production, non-agricultural production, employment, demography, education and flows of money, goods and people. The urban–rural profile of the country is found as rural and transitional. It is possible to observe some areas displaying deep rural characters in well-developed western regions and some “prosperity spots” dispersed throughout the less-developed eastern regions. Then, regional classifications ranging from “concentrated urban regions” to “rural regions” are made at the NUTS 1 level. Finally, the results are evaluated in perspectives of spatial planning of Turkey and entering process to the EU.     

非物质文化与地方文化建设——以“六朝古都”南京为例

作为南京城市文化代名词的六朝文化,实质是一种非物质精神文化。地方政府在城市文化建设上应该把握非物质精神文化的特点,发挥文化想象,将六朝精神文化有机地结合到城市文化建设中去,通过媒体、教育等精神文化部门,将主要存于文学、艺术以及历史文献中的六朝精神文化整合到地方文化软实力建设中,使六朝精神文化成为具有再生意义和实践功能的动力源。     

城市滨海区域游憩环境系统研究--以大连市旅顺口区为例

城市滨海区域是海滨城市中最有活力的地段,也是海滨城市居民亲水、休闲娱乐的理想场所。本文在论述滨海区域游憩功能提升的基础上将这一区域游憩环境系统分为4个子系统：陆域游憩环境系统、海岸游憩环境系统、近海游憩环境系统和海岛游憩环境系统。其子环境系统构成的三要素是游客、游憩环境和交通。本文以大连市旅顺口区为例进行系统分析,提出该区今后建设游憩环境的几点建议。     

民初泗水华侨交涉案研究

在收集整理中国第二历史档案馆馆藏有关档案的基础上,描述了民国时期荷属东印度泗水地区华侨升旗案的发生和交涉过程;分析了其给海外华侨对中国认同、中国与东南亚各国外交关系发展变化所带来的重要影响;并总结了本涉侨案件的三点历史意义。     

城市居民乡村旅游满意度的实证研究——以长沙市为例

本文构建了乡村旅游满意度系统模型。以抽样调查的方法取得了长沙市居民乡村旅游满意度的数据,通过均值分析比较乡村旅游各分满意度的高低,发现住宿满意度与餐饮满意度较高,而娱乐满意度与购物满意度较低;通过相关分析发现各分满意度均与总体满意度高度正相关;利用多元回归分析了各分满意度对总体满意的贡献,发现景点质量满意度对乡村旅游总体满意贡献最大,而交通满意度贡献最小;最后,利用单因素方差分析,得出满意度在不同人口特征城市居民中的差异性。在研究结论的基础上。提出了一些提高乡村旅游满意度的建议,并指出了本文研究的不足与下一步研究方向。     

Archaeological Site Management and Local Involvement: A Case Study from Abu Rawash,Egypt

Abstract

Local involvement is an essential element of successful archaeological site management. Recognition of the role of the local community could make a great contribution in improving the present critical situation of many archaeological sites worldwide. In Egypt, where internationally renowned archaeological sites attract both academic and tourism interests, archaeological sites and monuments are suffering from different issues. Amongst the various causes is the failure to recognize the relationship between the sites and the present society — both the local community and other stakeholders — and this has negatively influenced the sites. Not only have the local communities been given limited access to knowledge, and limited opportunities to become involved in the archaeology, but also their attempts to pursue a better standard of living have been restricted for the sake of protecting the national heritage. In this article I use a case study from Abu Rawash to explore strategies that could encourage local involvement in site management, through capacity building and communication with the government and other stakeholders. Although local involvement may not provide a drastic improvement of an individual site's condition, the principle of local involvement should contribute to a general improvement in Egypt, where conservation efforts largely focus on physical materials and little attention is given to the society surrounding the archaeological remains.     

城市旅游地游客重游动机实证研究——以厦门市为例

本文以厦门这一典型的城市旅游地为例,在文献回顾、网络文本分析和深度访谈的基础上,基于纵向比较的视角,通过实地的问卷调研和深度访谈,对城市旅游地游客的重游动机进行了实证研究。本研究通过因子分析将厦门城市旅游地游客的重游动机归纳为7项动机因子;通过聚类分析,基于动机的差异将重游游客划分为怀旧型、外界驱动型、猎奇补缺型和分享型4个类型。文章最后针对厦门城市旅游的发展提出了若干建议。     

社神崇拜与社区重构——对中山市小榄镇永宁社区的个案考察

民间信仰不仅是维系传统农业社会结构的重要力量,对于转型时期的乡村社会亦同样具有重要意义与价值,可在一定程度上缓和社会转型带来的冲击和矛盾,充当社会转型的润滑剂。以传统社神崇拜为例,虽然当前现代化、市场化等外部力量使其在结构—功能上发生了重大变化,但民众仍可借助传统社神崇拜资源,在延续传统的基础上实现自身利益结构的调整,并重新界定社区的地理、心理边界,激发当地居民对地方的热爱和认同。不仅如此,社神崇拜还为恢复地域共同体的团结和凝聚力提供了有效途径。这充分反映出民间信仰对于培育现代民主政治所具有的积极意义。