BONES, BODIES, and DIS-EASE

Summary: This paper considers the present state of cemetery studies in the north-western provinces of the Roman Empire. Different aspects of the study are identified and a combination of these is put forward as the requirement for a perfect cemetery report, against which some recent publications are judged. the greatest failure is found to be the provision and assimilation of a bone report, whether anthropological or palaeo-pathological. the potential of complete cemetery reports is stressed.     

The finds from the cellar of the Old Hall,Temple Balsall,Warwickshire

Abstract

The cellar, excavated in 1981, revealed late 17th and early 18th century material, which is the subject of this report. The pottery included yellow wares, English delftware, blackware, manganese-mottled wares, stonewares, slipware and coarseware. Tobacco pipes, medicine phials, table glass, wine bottles, bones and iron-work were also found. The excavation report will be published separately.¹ Ex inf. Paul Woodfield.     

INTENTIONALISM,INTENTIONALITY, AND REPORTING BELIEFS1

The dominant view of twentieth‐century analytic philosophy has been that all thinking is always in a language, that languages are vehicles of thought. The same view has been widespread in continental philosophy as well. In recent decades, however, the opposite view—that languages serve merely to express language‐independent thought‐contents or propositions—has been more widely accepted. The debate has a direct equivalent in the philosophy of history: when historians report the beliefs of historical figures, do they report the sentences or propositions that these historical figures believed to be true or false? In this paper I argue in favor of the latter, intentionalist, view. My arguments center mostly on the problems with translation that are likely to arise when a historian reports the beliefs of historical figures who expressed them in a language other than the one in which the historian is writing. In discussing these problems the paper presents an application of John Searle's theory of intentionality to the philosophy of history.     

郑州古荥师家河唐墓清理简报

１９９９年１２月１日,郑州市西北郊古荥镇师家河村村民在该村西取土时发现一些陶俑、镇墓兽、铜镜等物,遂上交正在附近小双桥遗址进行考古发掘工作的河南省文物考古研究所工作人员。经初步判断,这些都为唐代文物,应出自一唐代墓葬。考古人员随即前往文物出土点进行了调查,并对该墓进行了清理。（图一） 墓葬位于村西一高出地面约３米的台地上。西部１００余米有引黄人郑灌渠通过,南部２００米左右为索须河河道,河南岸则为郑州小双桥遗址。在西南部有后庄王遗址,北部即著名的荥阳城遗址。据当地农民介绍,该处原为高出现今地面丈余…     

The Social,Spatial, and Bioarchaeological Histories of Ancient Oman project: the mortuary landscape of Dhank

The Social, Spatial, and Bioarchaeological Histories of Ancient Oman (SoBO) project has conducted three seasons of survey and excavation in north‐western Oman. Focusing on third‐millennium BC archaeological features, this project is unique because of the combination of geospatial survey and bioarchaeological excavation of mortuary monuments in and around the town of Dhank. Here we report our initial findings, define our survey area and techniques and discuss excavated funerary structures and associated radiocarbon dates from both charcoal and human skeletal remains. This report presents preliminary results that introduce this new project on the prehistoric mortuary landscapes of Oman and highlight the techniques the SoBO team employs to examine Bronze Age communities in this rural location.     

Farm and Threshing Mill at Poltimore Farm,Farway, Devon

Abstract

This article is based on a report compiled for English Heritage to accompany a series of measured drawings commissioned by them of the remarkably complete and well-maintained water-powered farm threshing mill at Poltimore Farm in east Devon. The machinery and buildings were recorded in January 1990, prior to repair and restoration work.     

CITIES,WAGES, AND THE URBAN HIERARCHY

In this paper, we estimate the size of the wage premium necessary to compensate for remoteness incurred by workers compared to the city size productivity effects. We construct five urban hierarchy tiers for cities in Chile based on their level of remoteness from the urban system. We then contrast the effect generated by these variables on worker wages. We report a positive gradient of wages the higher the size of the urban tier and a loss in wages that can reach 35 percent for more remote cities.     

Haselden Hall,Wakefield

Abstract

An architectural survey of the surviving remains of Haselden Hall was undertaken by the Wakefield Archaeological Research Group in August 1967, a few months prior to the demolition of the building. An excavation to examine the medieval remains on the Hall site was then undertaken and this will be the subject of a separate report to be published elsewhere.     

三门峡庙底沟M254出土瓷器年代商榷

《三门峡庙底沟唐宋墓葬》公布了M254出土的一件青瓷钵,关于该钵的年代似有可商榷之处。本文在原报告基础之上对其年代进行再探讨,认为其相对年代为金元时期,而非报告中公布的唐代。同时,推测其生产窑口可能是汝州东沟窑。     

Women endangered,says world population report

This report highlights key points from the UN Population Fund's "State of World Population 1997," which focused on women's right to choose in matters relating to reproductive health. The report documents global progress toward achieving reproductive rights for women and recommends more funding for reproductive health care and family planning and increased efforts to promote gender equality and individual rights. International agreements protect: the right to reproductive and sexual health throughout the life cycle; voluntary choice in marriage and childbearing and the means to determine when to have children; equality and equity in all spheres for men and women; and freedom from sexual violence and coercion. When these rights are denied, the result is maternal mortality (a death every minute). There is a lack of access to contraceptive services that affect 350 million women. Unsafe abortions are performed on 20 million women, of whom 70,000 die. There is a lack of access to sex education and services for teenagers that results in HIV infections and sexually transmitted diseases (STDs). 1.5 million die from HIV/AIDS related causes, and another 1 million die from reproductive tract infections and STDs. Teenagers represent about 50% of the 333 million new cases of HIV and STDs that occur each year. Female genital mutilation is performed on 120 million girls and women, and 2 million are at risk each year. 2 million girls aged 5-15 years enter the commercial sex trade each year. The report documents the suffering from anemia and malnutrition and complications from pregnancy.     

湖北松滋西斋汪家嘴遗址发掘报告

汪家嘴遗址是江汉平原与澧水流域过渡地带的一处重要的商代遗址,时代从二里岗上层偏早延续到殷墟二、三期。其文化特征与湖南澧水流域青铜文化皂市类型之土著因素保持强烈的一致性,中原商文化的因素极少或不见,是一个典型的地域类型。本报告运用了考古界面理论和存在背景关系理论,不仅为该遗址的研究提供了更多有价值的信息,而且为今后考古报告的科学编写提供了借鉴。     

The Newport Medieval Ship,Wales, United Kingdom

The Newport Ship is the most substantial late medieval vessel excavated and recovered in Britain in recent years. It was abandoned after extensive salvage, possibly following attempts at repairs to the hull. More than 23 m of the clinker‐built ship were recovered, along with significant artefact and environmental assemblages. Finds point to strong Iberian connections during the active life of the ship, which arrived in Newport in the Severn Estuary, after the spring of AD 1468. The dismantling and recovery of the ship has enabled detailed recording using innovative 3D digital techniques and approaches to hypothetical reconstruction. Publication includes a digital archive hosted by the Archaeological Data Service, a substantial report and this article.     

济源连地宋代墓葬的发掘

连地宋代墓葬位于河南省济源市坡头乡连地村东南,南临黄河,北为小浪底水利枢纽留庄至蓼坞的北岸公路,西距小浪底大坝址约５公里。（图一） 为配合小浪底水利枢纽前期工程的建设,１９９２年４月,济源市文物保护管理所对位干连地村东南黄河滩地水利部十一局职工生活区进行了钻探,在一探孔内发现有１４枚铜钱。５月３日－５月４日,河南省文物考古研究所、焦作市文物工作队共同对该地进行了发掘,于生活区３号楼址的东北部布设东西向２ ×５平方米探沟一条,（编号９２ＪＬＤＴ１,以下简称Ｔ１）发掘出宋代墓葬一座,（编号９２ＪＬＤ１…     

REPORT ON DAMAGE TO INDUSTRIAL FACILITIES IN THE 1999 KOCAELI EARTHQUAKE,TURKEY

The author got a chance to visit Turkey for investigating the damage of industrial facilities in the 1999 Kocaeli Earthquake which occurred on 17 August 1999 in the Kocaeli province of Turkey.

This report provides a brief investigation obtained through the seismic damage survey, particularly, focused on the damages to industrial facilities. The epicentral area in the Kocaeli province is the most industrial region of Turkey. Severe excitation attacked this region and industrial plants and structures were more or less damaged. Since the author could only visit a few sites, the report mainly describes the damages of two plants; TÜPRA? oil refinery where big fire occurred and TOYOTA-SA car manufacturing factory where no significant damage appeared.     

湖北荆州黄山墓地40号战国楚墓发掘简报

黄山墓地位于荆州古城东北约6公里的郢城镇黄山村和澎湖村境内,2002年6月至2004年10月,为配合襄荆高速公路建设,荆州博物馆对该墓地进行了抢救性发掘,共发掘墓葬600余座。其中40号楚墓出土了一批重要文物,本文报道的是该墓发掘的情况。     

The Studland Bay wreck, Dorset, UK: hull analysis

Upon the discovery and protection of a presumed 16th-century wreck off Poole Harbour, one of the largest underwater excavations in England was carried out between 1984 and 1992. In 1997–8 the author examined the archive and recovered objects with the aim of publishing the present report on the hull remains. The paper demonstrates how much can be learned about construction and design from in-situ recording. The similarities and differences between this vessel and other vessels of the so-called Iberian-Atlantic building tradition are analysed, and rigging modifications suggested. The vessel has never been scientifically dated, but a typological date bracket is based on onboard artefacts.     

A Bronze Age Round Barrow Cemetery,Pit Alignments,Iron Age Burials,Iron Age Copper Working,and Later Activity at Four Crosses,Llandysilio, Powys

Excavation undertaken at the Upper Severn valley round barrow cemetery at Four Crosses, Llandysilio, Powys, between 2004 and 2006 has increased the known barrows and ring ditches to some twenty-seven monuments within this complex, and revealed additional burials. Based on limited dating evidence, and the data from earlier excavations, the majority of the barrows are thought to be constructed in the Bronze Age. The barrows are considered part of a larger linear cemetery. The landscape setting and wider significance of this linear barrow cemetery are explored within this report. Dating suggests two barrows were later, Iron Age additions. The excavation also investigated Iron Age and undated pit alignments, Middle Iron Age copper working and a small Romano-British inhumation cemetery and field systems. Much of this evidence reflects the continuing importance of the site for ritual and funerary activity.     

Sub-bottom survey of Porto Longo harbour, Peleponnesus, Greece

( Under the general direction of Dr Spiridon Marinatos, Peter Throckmorton, in collaboration with Dr Harold Edgerton of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Dr E. T. Hall of the Research Laboratory for Archaeology at Oxford undertook the further exploration of Porto Longo harbour in 1969–70. (See Old World Newsletter, p. 196) The following report gives the results of the 1970 campaign .
As there is some ambiguity of nomenclature in the field of bottom surface scanning and sub-bottom profiling, we adopt here the most technically precise usage both in relation to the equipment and its application. "Sonar" is often loosely used for any undersea scanning employing a sound source but is better reserved for sound scanning of seabed surface features . Ed.)     

SO Debate Genre,structure and poetics in the Byzantine vernacular romances of love

This debate focuses on a group of anonymous Byzantine romances written in fifteen-syllable verse and in the vernacular idiom sometime between the thirteenth and the fifteenth centuries. The point of departure is a report written by Panagiotis Agapitos of the University of Cyprus. After a critical look at earlier research on this neglected genre, he presents the principal texts and other related textual material. The three main sections of the report are devoted to genre, structure and poetics, while the conclusion summarizes the report's main propositions.We have asked a number of international experts in the field to comment on these propositions, and Professor Agapitos to reply to their comments. A common bibliographical list concludes the debate. Further comments from other scholars are invited.     

Masking and unmasking the sexual abuse of children: perceptions of violence against children in "the Badlands" of Ontario, 1916-1930

This article explores the legal and social understandings of incest in early-twentieth-century Canada, examining the way in which sexual abuse was identified in sensational court cases but ideologically masked in social consciousness. First, the legal treatment of incest is examined through court cases, with special focus on one case that animated a grand jury report on a rural area where incest and violence supposedly flourished. Second, the grand jury's legal, medical, and social assumptions about incest, reflecting eugenic priorities as well as class and gender prejudices, are surveyed. Third, the actual use of the grand jury report in subsequent cases is probed. The report became a generalized explanation for all kinds of familial violence placing blame for violence on poor, degenerate, and immoral parents but ignoring the structural problems of power and patriachy.