Biblical beliefs in the shaping of modern nations

The ideology and culture of modern nations and nationalism have been profoundly influenced by two traditions that reach back into the ancient world, the biblical and the classical. Here, the focus is on the particular contribution of the Hebrew Bible to the political ideals of modern nationhood. Modern Western nations, unlike non‐Western and ancient nations, are distinguished by their quest for territorial integrity and sovereignty, citizenship, legal standardisation, cultural homogeneity and secular education, while modern nationalism is a pro‐active, ideological movement that seeks to ‘build’ autonomous, unified, distinctive and ‘authentic’ nations out of ethnic populations deemed by some members to constitute actual or potential ‘nations’. While modern European nations emerged out of the matrix of Christianity, as Adrian Hastings argued, it was the political model and ideals of community found in the Hebrew Bible, which Christianity adopted (while rejecting the Jews) and which the New Testament lacked, that so often provided the dynamic of modern nationalism and the values of modern Western nations. Chief among these were the Pentateuchal and prophetic narratives of Exodus, Covenant, Community of Law (Torah), the holiness of a ‘chosen people’, the messianic role of sacred kingship and the dream of fulfilment in the Promised Land. These ideals did not fully come into their own until the Reformation. In this period, state elites expressed growing national sentiments and biblical texts were being rendered into the vernacular, while a more rigorous biblical form of ‘covenantal nationalism’ emerged in early modern Netherlands, Scotland and England, taking the narrative of the deliverance of the Israelites as its starting point. In the eighteenth‐century Enlightenment, the novel cults of ‘Nature’, ‘Authenticity’ and ‘Human Perfectibility’ secured an opening for neo‐classical political ideas in the formation of nations. But it was the biblical ideals of liberation, Covenant, election and promised land that provided the basic model of the modern nation and nationalism in Europe, from the French Revolution, and German and East European nationalisms to the Hebraic Protestant nationalism of Victorian Britain. To a large extent, the modern age owes to the Jewish Bible its fundamental vision of a world divided into distinctive and sovereign territorial nations.     

试论古代以色列民族的历史观——从资料构成、史书编集到观念的形成

与古代埃及和西亚诸国只留下编年体的历史记载不同,古代以色列民族具有自己鲜明的历史意识;与古代希腊充满人本精神的历史记载也不同,以色列民族历史观的实质是一神论的神权历史观.他们将对耶和华神的信仰融入对民族历史发展的思考和解释之中,其历史书卷的编写几乎持续了一千年之久,在这一过程中,以色列历史成为"历史就是耶和华神对以色列民族的救赎史"的生动体现.     

Historical Epistemology: On the Diversity and Change of Epistemic Values in Science

Historical Epistemology: On the Diversity and Change of Epistemic Values in Science. Historical epistemology involves the claim that the system of scientific knowledge is not determined by the observations but is also subject to epistemic requirements that may change in the historical process of doing research. As a result, the system of knowledge is path‐dependent in that its shape is contingent on epistemic choices made at certain historical points. I attempt to elaborate this approach by drawing attention to the double role of epistemic values. First, such values create relations of significance and thereby contribute to directing research into certain avenues. Second, they are also important in the process of confirmation in that they entail that certain forms of agreement with the facts are superior and preferable to other such forms. Some epistemic orientations and reorientations can be reconstructed as arising from an interaction with nature, but others are based on commitments to the kind of knowledge we appreciate. The epistemic authority of science is created in large measure by rules of the scientific community that express how to deal with knowledge claims.     

马其昶《桐城耆旧传》的史学价值

马其昶的《桐城耆旧传》记叙上起明初、下迄清末桐城地方人物九百余。《桐城耆旧传》征引文献广泛,主要有《明史》、《桐城县志》、传主文集、谱牒、墓志,以及口述史料和个人见闻等。其学术旨趣就是通过记叙乡贤的事迹,重建以程朱理学为行为准则的乡村社会,总结人才之盛与天下兴亡息息相关的历史经验;同时重视地方学术流变,维护理学正统。该书为人们研究明清时期桐城历史文化提供了宝贵的史料。     

旅游符号学的理论述评和研究内容

旅游符号学是一个蕴藏着重大价值的研究领域。本文首先对符号、符号学和旅游符号学进行了简要介绍。本文还评述了旅游符号学研究现状;国外的旅游符号学研究包括旅游吸引物、旅游营销文本、旅游地表征、旅游体验和旅游想象等方面的研究。本文最后对旅游符号学研究的内容进行了剖析,包括旅游主体、媒介和客体的符号学研究。到目前为止,旅游符号学研究的深度和广度依然是比较有限的。     

Nuclear science and the story of a preserved leaf from a copy of the Great Bible

Three pressed leaves of Ulmus glabra (Wych Elm) were found within the pages of a copy of the Great Bible in the Library of the University of Western Australia. The Bible dates from AD 1540 and was originally housed at Ely Cathedral in Cambridgeshire. A radiocarbon age on one of the leaves found it was about as old as the Great Bible itself, and stable C and N isotope and neutron activation analyses were carried out on the same leaf. The δ¹⁵N values were elevated and the content of iron, arsenic, bromine, silver, gold and mercury were relatively high. These analyses are consistent with an environment where water logging is present, as at Ely at the time, and the silver and gold content are probably consistent with the cathedral setting. The mercury was found to be associated with the red ink in the Bible. It is intriguing to ponder why Wych elm leaves were placed in the Bible, especially in the light that a copy of an original edition of the King James version of the Bible from Ely, also in the library in Perth has many dozens of U. glabra leaves also preserved within in its pages.     

态度与价值:遗产旅游体验模式探析——以苏州平江历史文化街区为例

"遗产资本化"(Heritagization)是遗产被用于实现特定目标的社会进程,是遗产旅游的核心,遗产旅游开发是遗产资本化的当代形式,遗产旅游开发的直接目标即向公众提供真实性的遗产体验。本文结合苏州平江历史文化街区的旅游产品开发案例,根据对社交媒体(Social Media)中旅游博客(Blog)原创文本的内容分析(Content Analysis,CA)和语义网络分析(Semantic Network Analysis,SNA),挖掘旅游者对案例遗产旅游地的个人态度和价值认知情况,进而提出一个由旅游者对遗产的个人态度及其遗产价值认知所构成的遗产旅游体验开发框架,勾勒出文化遗产旅游开发的战略导向。     

"入世"后的德治与法治应用问题初探

我国“入世”后,已进入到东西方道德交叉、世界法律与中国法律如何共存的实践中。笔认为,我国的德治与法治应用,必须坚持以本国的国情、利益和原则为前提,借鉴西方道德、法治适用之处,以提升我国德治的高品味、法治的科学化程度。     

四川九寨沟县中查村传统村落的遗产价值及保护研究

九寨沟中查村作为第四批中国传统村落,面临的威胁远大于其他少数民族传统村落,通过田野调查总结出其六大建筑特征,作为九寨沟片区安多藏族民居的基础研究成果。同时,在对中查传统村落濒危民居调研的基础上,揭示村落保护需要以"人"为本,从生存基础建设、社会关系建设、精神场所建设的三个维度来探索,这是从产业到社区,再到文化建设的一个动态过程,为中国西南少数民族地区传统村落保护提供切实可行的理论依据和发展思路。     

再论近代中国的半殖民地半封建化

中国逐步半殖民地半封建化是中国近代历史的一个十分重要的基本事实,也早已成为人们对近代中国的基本认识。然而,众多的中国近代史、中国革命史著作,包括这些年来出版的新……     

试论民族旅游的行业特征及其社会价值

作为第三产业重要组成部分的民族旅游业,摆脱了物质产品体系的既有规格和规范,依托各民族恒常的自然景观、鲜活的人资源,借助游客这一消费群体的流动,来实现其市场价值。此外,又能驱动各民族之间的化交流和化互动,发挥其它产业不可替代的社会价值。     

略谈哈萨克族婚姻习惯法和国家法的冲突

在哈萨克族长期的发展进程中,形成了具有哈萨克族游牧经济特色的习惯法文化,这些民族习惯法文化在婚姻方面体现得更为明显,对哈萨克族人民的社会生活产生了重要影响。但是在国家法律体系范围内,这些习惯法的存在和作用对国家法律的普及和实施也产生了不和谐的影响。     

陕北窑洞民居的当代价值及其保护利用

窑洞民居是黄土高原地区最古老的建筑形态,也是最经济适用、节能环保的民居形式,它具有独特的文化和艺术内涵,体现了中国式建筑之美。新时期,如何发掘和保护窑洞民居的技术、文化、艺术资源,利用窑洞民居在生态、经济、节能、环保等方面的价值,发展具有地域特色的旅游事业,建设社会主义新农村,具有十分重要的意义。     

论权力寻租及其法律制约

权力寻租是当前社会产生腐败的主要原因之一。权力寻租有其产生的必然性,它严重危害国家和杜会,已成为当今世界政治中的一大顽症。制约权力寻租最有效的方法是法律制约,但是法律制约权力寻租还必须有合适的环境为支撑。     

Biblical anthropology and the idea of human prehistory in late antiquity

Late Antiquity is an important period in the history of anthropology because it marks a divide between the naturalistic and rationalistic anthropological ideas of Greco-Roman philosophers and the "biblical anthropology" that was formulated by Medieval Christian writers. The biblical anthropology that emerged in Late Antiquity addressed the question of the origin of the first humans, our relationship to the natural world, and the original state of mankind. While early Christian philosophers based much of this biblical anthropology on the Genesis account of early human history, they also utilized a great deal of Greco-Roman philosophy in order to expound a vision of human prehistory that profoundly influenced anthropological thought well into the modern era.     

浅谈古籍伪书的编撰意图及其价值挖掘

本文较细致地探讨了古籍伪书编撰产生的六类主要意图,并由此展开对不同伪书存在价值的挖掘点思考。     

梁启超《过渡时代论》与当代"过渡期历史观"的构造

对梁启超历史观的评价一般有两种意见,一种观点认为梁启超是中国现代史学的开创者,其主要贡献是把中国历史纳入到世界史的解释框架之内,用线性的因果关系替代了王朝更替的历史观。另一种观点认为梁启超从欧洲归来后完全放弃了他所倡导的“进步史观”,而成为了一个文化保守主义者。实际上,梁启超所采取的是一种过渡期的历史观,这种历史观既强调历史的进步是不可阻挡的一种趋势,又主张解释历史不能仅仅依赖于纯粹科学方法,而尚需运用直觉的手段,同时他又强调文化积淀而不仅仅是物质更新在文明演进中的作用,这样的阐释方法使我们有可能超越西方历史观对我们思维的长期制约,也可避免“现代”与“后现代”两种极端解释取向所造成的偏颇后果。     

试析当代美国华人参与选举政治的方式

当代美国华人参与选举政治的方式主要有参加选举登记与投票、政治捐款、竞选议员及政府公职和争取政治委任等。本文分析了华人参与美国选举政治的这些重要方式。作者认为,这些参与方式没有优劣和重要与次要之分,都是影响美国政治,为华人争取权益和提升华人形象的手段,它们可以优势互补,相得益彰。     

论美国法形成的历史轨迹

美国法是英国普通法的美国化,它的形成始于殖民地时期,完成于19世纪70年代。其间,美国法从最初对英国普通法的排斥逐步转为对其加以吸收和改造,并最终形成了适应美国社会发展的法律形式和观念。因此,从总体上讲,美国法并未游离出普通法的框架之外,而是保留了普通法的精髓,成为普通法系的重要组成部分。