世界主义与民族主义－－孙中山对新文化派的回应

五四运动以后孙中山反驳有人用世界主义反对其提倡民族主义,具体所指,外部渊源主要是英国的罗素、俄国的无政府主义克鲁泡特金和德国的社会主义马克思,内部则几乎涵盖国家主义以外新化阵营各个派系的代表,甚至包括一度倾向社会主义的国民党人如戴季陶等。世界主义自清末取代以天下观为主导的大同思想进入中国,由于“西方”在中国人的观念世界中地位日益上升,以及欧战宣告国家主义破产,世界主义在以西为尊的新青年中渐成流行趋势。经过与外力压迫下不断高涨的爱国情绪相融合,形成“世界的国家主义”或“世界主义的国家”观念,与改造后的民族主义虽有分歧,亦存在沟通的基础。随着民族危亡的日趋严重,越来越多的新化派重新回到民族国家的立场。世界主义与民族主义的取舍,始终是困扰后发展国家的两难选择。     

传承与变异——传统文化对旅游开发的应答

地方性的传统文化是旅游开发的重要资源,是传统地区旅游业赖以发展的源泉,传统文化的开发、利用促进了传统地区经济和社会的发展。但发展旅游又往往使传统地区过快地抛弃传统,在经济利益的牵动下传统文化发生非正态变异。本文结合案例研究对传统文化如何应答旅游开发所带来的影响进行了探讨,试图对传统文化在旅游开发和现代化过程中的传承、保护问题提出一个解决的途径。     

Judgment,Tradition and Reason: A Response

Abstract

The author of The Desire of the Nations (DN) and The Ways of Judgment (WJ) responds to the criticisms and questions of the eight other contributors, defending his concept of government-as-judgment and exploring questions about international law and contemporary pluralism.     

A Blaze in the Northern Sky: Black Metal and Crimes Against Culture

Abstract

This paper focuses on an act that can be seen to typify what heritage organizations might con?dently describe as a ‘crime against culture’: the deliberate destruction by ?re of a twelfth-century wooden stave church at Fantoft in Norway in 1992. This paper uses the case study of Fantoft to challenge the ways in which heritage organizations (in this case Norway’s Directorate of Cultural Heritage) establish and protect mono-cultural narratives and push interpretative agendas predicated on an uncritical concept of universal ‘value’ and its equation with material authenticity. It also examines how distinct minority communities construct new meanings, values, and traditions without reference to institutional narratives, a process that, whilst arguably initiating a more meaningful dialogue with the past, brings in train a new set of problems.     

Burning Libraries: A Community Response

ABSTRACT

The first decade of the twenty-first century has seen a growing recognition that widespread impacts of climate change (erosion, sea level rise, wildfires, warming soil temperatures) are rapidly destroying archaeological sites and permanently wiping out millennia of cultural heritage and important scientific data on a global scale. This paper provides a brief overview of the efforts of the international archaeological community and its allies to organise a broad and coordinated response to this widespread and urgent threat to our basic record by mobilising at the local, national and international level. The work of the archaeological professional societies has supplemented a growing host of initiatives on multiple scales by national and local governmental agencies, regional research teams, local and Indigenous heritage groups and the international global change scientific community. This paper provides some reflections on the Society for American Archaeology’s Climate Change Strategies and the Archaeological Record team effort from 2015 to 2018, some links to more contacts and resources and some suggestions for future directions.     

试论黄鳝嘴文化与大汶口文化的互动

黄鳝嘴文化是在考古材料不断丰富的情况下为考古界所确认的新的考古学文化,主要分布于大别山东南麓、长江北岸之间的平原地带.该文化距今约6200-5700年,可分为三个发展阶段:早期以塞墩遗址该文化墓葬早期遗存为代表;中期以黄鳝嘴遗址墓葬遗存为代表;晚期以塞墩遗址该文化墓葬晚期遗存为代表.黄鳝嘴文化与大汶口文化在黄鳝嘴文化早期已然发生过直接或间接联系,可相互之间的影响却较小,但这微弱的互动却是大汶口文化向该地区不断施加影响力的滥觞.     

Balance of Power and Political Equilibrium: A Response

This article analyses the international thought of the US sinologist and political advisor Owen Lattimore (1900–89). A well-known expert on China and the Far East, Lattimore was a ‘public intellectual’ and advisor to Chiang Kai-shek and Franklin D. Roosevelt. In 1950, after Senator Joseph McCarthy accused him of Soviet espionage, Lattimore's reputation was irrevocably damaged and his political thought forgotten. By assessing his visions of global democracy and geopolitics, this article claims Lattimore made insightful contributions to international thought. On the eve of the cold war, Lattimore's ideas of pluralistic democracy and tripolar world order offered an alternative vision of the post-war era, focusing on political participation and diversity. This article focuses on Lattimore's published writings in the 1940s, when, as political advisor and director of the Johns Hopkins’ Page School of International Relations, he sought to shift international attention from Europe to the Far East as the potential birthplace of a new version of post-colonial democracy. A fervent anti-imperialist, Lattimore crafted new political space for global democracy in a post-imperial age. His thoughtful discussion of participation, co-operation, democracy, knowledge, and pluralism make his vision of world order an interesting contribution to international thought in the twentieth century.     

A Response to the Conference

Abstract

The question discussed in this article is whether Christian theology should influence contemporary political debates. The topic is discussed through two practical case studies: (1) technological advances in genetic engineering and (2) the just war tradition and the use of force. In the first discussion, Dietrich Bonhoeffer's unfinished Ethics is employed to demonstrate the importance of substantial theological categories to resist a reductionist technological utilitarian discourse about the body. Intrinsic human dignity is essentially God-given. In the second, Aquinas and Augustine add theological complexity and substance to secular discussions of war and peace. Human caring is more than the protection of the sovereign state. A peace that is only the absence of war can disguise many harmful situations. In conclusion, theological discussion brings nuance, richness and depth to secular political debates so long as theologians go beyond simplistic contributions such as ‘God demands’ or ‘The Bible forbids’.